（14）燃烧与灭火—2021-2022学年化学鲁教版（五四制）八年级全一册同步课时作业
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列图标中,与燃烧和爆炸无关的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/27/E881D2920C07841672AE3265844130D6.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/27/E952E9976777549D8AB36C5B3B980C09.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/27/C6EFC5AD5238B961579DE112CAC86584.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/27/5A5D97C779AE91FA9C15676FE2E4F0CA.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/1330a0294b3a4241a32604e5f6701d59/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/3454d1966014452894df3bf50a297d1d/1D90D897166FF587D4BFC3DE1BE5A674.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>为了让煤炭充分燃烧,下列方法可行的是( )<br>A.碾成粉末 B.升高燃烧温度<br>C.使之湿润 D.加入石灰石<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/0171a4a1594f4cb3a2aabc7353a57d19/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/5239420d5cd4419192c0e528b18a28e2/DE7FF0B478A4D949ADBC771508EE9001.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列情况下,白磷(着火点为40℃)能发生燃烧的是( )<br>A.白磷放入70℃的水中<br>B.白磷放入20℃的水中,并通入氧气<br>C.白磷放入70℃的水中,并通入氧气<br>D.白磷放入20℃的水中<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/18e1105af7434a4e85e87f21ef23a276/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/ac08d629d38e4091a28800ebea5c5b4d/3C9E568091225188778981D34E8D47A8.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列灭火原理与“釜底抽薪”相同的是( )<br>A.锅内油着火用锅盖盖灭<br>B.用高压水枪喷水灭火<br>C.砍掉部分林木形成隔离带灭火<br>D.用二氧化碳灭火器灭火<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/c984d7da57c04002b49cb1b8bc894f5f/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/49d8fc1b18dc47c8b742c931abdaf1b8/9568633329A101DBA22D8970D5E0198E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>中学生应该有一定的安全意识,下列做法符合安全要求的是( )<br>A.家用电器着火,立即用水浇灭<br>B.发现煤气泄漏,立即打开抽油烟机排气<br>C.发生一氧化碳中毒,立即转移到通风处<br>D.楼房着火时,乘电梯逃生<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/30daed696f0d4b29821c5111eb432992/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>粉丝中含有淀粉,点燃粉丝,燃烧端朝上易熄灭,从燃烧的条件来看,主要原因是( )<br>A.没有与氧气充分接触<br>B.热空气增大了粉丝的着火点<br>C.温度没有继续达到粉丝的着火点<br>D.粉丝中还含有其他物质,阻止它继续燃烧<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/7d93496fd75b48fe82edb853dbf21550/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/f09634d39bbb49259e665339cd8aa840/8742D04F2D88EA99658469966550BAF0.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列实验中,能证明燃烧需要氧气的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/28/155A2DF5360516E575369C36D26C19E9.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/28/D21703E7E5056E52A7B90260D82A6412.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/28/D1F2333307C96A24218E890577ABCAEE.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/28/7C4D265EE6D7D380538D02A4FA793C8B.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/622e8ad34c8e42be9563fc0696013783/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/7389dd294f314652bb38f8b68aa94c5d/79BCFF5ACD8EA1BC1342D3D492DFFF5E.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>香烟烟气中有多种有害物质,<br>1.如含碳物质不充分燃烧产生的________、尼古丁和焦油,2.不吸烟的人能闻到烟味的原因是_________,3.随手丢弃的烟头还容易引发火灾,原因是_____(选填字母)<br>A提供可燃物 B提供氧气 C使可燃物的温度达到着火点4.一旦发生火灾,通常用水来灭火,该方法的灭火原理是________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/506a5b93e0b6489caa923c54ee45e87a/97342188EC7A24BE35F9A84501EE2F53.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/db7f9bd33e924f489e6e43b7a6fe789a/975B2409A2595F113E3F03932698C5B4.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>合理运用燃烧与灭火的原理,对保障生命财产安全至关重要。<br>1.消防队员用高压水枪灭火的原理是,做实验时不慎碰倒酒精灯,酒精在桌面燃烧起来,可用的灭火方法是。<br>2.着火时,可用湿毛巾捂住口鼻,低姿势跑离着火区域逃生,理由是(填字母)。A.湿毛巾可防止吸入灼热的气体灼伤呼吸道B.湿毛巾会吸收COC.地面附近的有毒气体相对较少<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/02654ce6f30f4caa8637e8627cb4c216/493680C15C2D24CAEBE516EF343ACA92.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/50f232ed6ae34d6aa1f657d3120aaa0d/13858074194C148E5FB3A6A573B526A1.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>可以利用如图所示装置探究燃烧的条件。在两个三脚架上分别放置一个铁丝网,在上面放置三团医用脱脂棉<br>A<br>、<br>B<br>、<br>C<br>。棉花<br>B<br>中放置一支温度计,棉花<br>C<br>上罩一只小烧杯,并在<br>A<br>、<br>C<br>处铁丝网下各放置一个酒精灯。点燃酒精灯,一段时间后棉花<br>A<br>燃烧,<br>B<br>无变化,<br>C<br>底部变黑但不燃烧。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/19/1573A4E4830F372FCF724892186F74B7.png"><br>1.能说明燃烧需要温度达到可燃物的着火点的实验现象为。<br>2.当把小烧杯拿下后,发现C能燃烧,说明燃烧所需要的条件之一是。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/076420751d934d9a933a08ab5da103c1/20761D07527C8CB0E1C69C3F89A8665A.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/ea480c3a21bb4e988debf038b852ec59/3496FCE1F58966FDD4A4A10EC55842DF.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>火的利用推动了人类文明的进程,观察图:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/7/26/977A29489E2D3BC70C07E7D676BFC612.png"><br>选择序号回答(<br>)<br>~<br>(<br>):①与氧气接触,②温度达到着火点,③有可燃物。<br>1.图甲所示实验现象,说明燃烧应具备的条件是;<br>2.图乙烧杯中蜡烛渐渐熄灭,说明燃烧应具备的条件是;<br>3.图丙铜片上白磷燃烧,红磷不燃烧,说明燃烧应具备的条件是;<br>4.图丙实验中所用药品的保存方法正确的是(选填图丁中的序号)。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/9a2497c3913a4fb3b003d6192ad04c7b/E6A50BCF5ACA9B4489B89EF94F4ACD2C.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/d1eee717e7b54231b8caf165a3c6dc6e/B3DE98622FD05C1835E44ED315A24020.png"><br><br>
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