（10）海水“制碱”—2021-2022学年化学鲁教版（五四制）九年级全一册同步课时作业
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>氯碱工业是以电解食盐水为基础的基本化学工业。电解食盐水不可能生成的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/15/81AF2F937DD2FC83E1867167318088DD.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/15/03B44FCB595CCE1359A05094C44A7EB0.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/15/FC36191549301C2A156A2084670322F1.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/15/117CB6DBFBF681D5D9D8AA687D0E7717.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/58bab378c92647bebbc1530b75044a06/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/bec682b8f552468caa6370cb8e694198/DE15427589409A15CF8B145E9348A42B.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列不属于氨碱法制纯碱所需原料的是( )<br>A.石灰石 B.氯化钠 C.氢氧化钠 D.水<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/b99a963bfe20418b9336ddebaca08469/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/a5fcb7c5d31b407c941f1d9868274089/7E1EBCC1F366CB8BA9811BD0461EF580.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>蒸馒头时,在发酵面团中加入某种物质,既能除去面团中的酸又能使馒头松软,该物质是( )。A.碳酸氢钠 B.生石灰 C.氢氧化钠 D.氯化钠<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2018/97b581af502b44f4936185e978674e25/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2018/78ba69ae402b4228913d8e8be67f1e57/1345E5FBAC6C4FE774B1484ACDA1BF2B.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列物质不能与碳酸钠溶液反应的是( )<br>A.盐酸 B.氯化钡溶液<br>C.氢氧化钙溶液 D.氢氧化钾溶液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/f034d1fed37b4aa7b3a0823d905169b2/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/035c32173e844f0283469133a1d187b9/38BACDA7681DFE099DF99542F3D0EA7F.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列关于碳酸钠与碳酸氢钠的说法错误的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/9/5020518739833AA0F61A620DBB447C84.png"><br>溶液呈碱性<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/9/743D3410664D37284FBC47CDC4BA58AB.png"><br>固体难溶于水<br>C.“纯碱”是碳酸钠的俗名<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/9/743D3410664D37284FBC47CDC4BA58AB.png"><br>可用于烘焙糕点<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/69a8f6b771754695aa2f50175663ec26/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/570cfa0122184ed9ba244b5fd9aa70c0/DC706A9B9C238A6C0609A1340A35E4F3.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>根据氨碱法生产纯碱的反应原理,下列有关理解中,错误的是( )<br>A.用食盐制纯碱需要含碳、氧元素的物质<br>B.因为小苏打不溶于水以沉淀析出,化学反应才能发生<br>C.某些物质的循环利用,既节约了资金,又保护了环境<br>D.氨气的使用促进了二氧化碳的反应,保证生产的顺利进行<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/9c082b027a7848e48e919615e13723c8/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/ef90b75ca46d4c2681ff0121488a8396/E2490C54CE92EE338DB71939435278C9.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>“<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/13/702AD75D2847EB46E7CCD3F31B9B8C95.png"><br>”是著名的“侯氏制碱法”的重要反应。下列有关叙述正确的是( )。A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/13/743D3410664D37284FBC47CDC4BA58AB.png"><br>是纯碱<br>B.析出晶体后剩余溶液中溶质只有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/13/1B0D100CD07DE02C2FD1479964DC1EEE.png"><br>C.配制饱和食盐水时,可通过搅拌来提高食盐的溶解度<br>D.向饱和食盐水中先通入氨气的作用是使溶液呈碱性,促进二氧化碳的吸收<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/6c2c4cd603cd47b1a7e03b8f6ce1b8d0/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/ce2ab2384bcd459c99f77ba2464e981c/8A8FDF216F61919587B86602135B8024.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>我国著名化工专家侯德榜先生发明了“侯氏制碱法”,为我国民族工业的发展作出了杰出贡献。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/6259D37F1034DA39019C1CB638A2DF65.png"><br>是侯氏制碱法的重要反应之一。下列有关说法错误的是( )<br>A.向饱和食盐水中先通入氨气,使溶液呈碱性,更易吸收酸性的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>气体<br>B.反应后,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/743D3410664D37284FBC47CDC4BA58AB.png"><br>首先结晶析出,过滤即可将其分离出来<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/743D3410664D37284FBC47CDC4BA58AB.png"><br>结晶析出后,剩余溶液中的溶质只有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/1B0D100CD07DE02C2FD1479964DC1EEE.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/743D3410664D37284FBC47CDC4BA58AB.png"><br>结晶析出后,剩余溶液还能继续溶解<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/167FA22263F566DF8C5FB8D782CB3F9C.png"><br>固体<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/5eed13c7e05c432d8a76ec58613402a1/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/138fcf0c6041452e893d3a34faeeef1a/0F306CF7C899DB75365785BC01C18C39.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列关于复分解反应的说法中,正确的是( )<br>A.若反应物和生成物都是化合物,则一定属于复分解反应<br>B.反应前各物质质量之和等于反应后生成的各物质质量之和<br>C.中和反应也属于复分解反应,在生成物中可能有不溶于稀硝酸的沉淀产生<br>D.在复分解反应中,生成物不可能同时出现水、沉淀和气体<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/c6f300af5265480f9eec1e2794e84df0/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/69dacc2df7bc4c118cd0bd953c72d614/5E4D3853F616DD2F9582A4CE1A9FBEA1.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>爱国科学家侯德榜先生发明了侯氏制碱法,为我国民族工业的发展做出了杰出的贡献,该方法是将<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2016/6/28/79CAC3F2355A8EB3C735458F7EFD8CD2.png"><br>通入饱和的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2016/6/28/167FA22263F566DF8C5FB8D782CB3F9C.png"><br>溶液中充分反应,其中的一步反应是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2016/6/28/41EA2F8864CB60FA560841CBBEB3BD08.png"><br>,下列叙述错误的是( )。A.该反应不符合复分解反应发生的条件<br>B.该反应中四种物质都是盐<br>C.反应后可用过滤的方法分离出<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2016/6/28/743D3410664D37284FBC47CDC4BA58AB.png"><br>D.反应后的溶液中还能继续溶解<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2016/6/28/167FA22263F566DF8C5FB8D782CB3F9C.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2016/733af1fcbb044c30a914538233041fb8/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2016/4cb0ca03bac94590a5d9cd4c8356942c/7F487157764A6F57E72334969937256E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列各组离子在溶液中能大量共存的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/20/829B5D51E7704F13BE4B97111EC95573.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/20/73B6453C909B77A49433116559A08E79.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/20/4685AFE82839A21C52964219999998D8.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/20/C9A8E5A3AF45A0F98820C44651FD5F15.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/8b12aca603464344b4821052ce72b2d8/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/2208b3f6c3194d4b8585486ff2791508/4B87F2FAAC636B8FA99FB120DF9D4999.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>某探究小组的同学用<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/5/7D5B2E03D187AECE7CE54B3B34807924.png"><br>四种溶液进行“复分解反应发生条件及应用”的实验探究:将四种溶液两两混合,若将<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/5/D4B0B3344F4AE9A3AF326C1C3D0DA2E3.png"><br>溶液分别混合:<br>1.实验中,能直接观察到说明<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/5/E3199FECD8BA7D0CE082DB175D78B93C.png"><br>溶液发生化学反应的证据是_____________。<br>2.实验中<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/5/5F8211BD083A899CBD820CCE2C92C226.png"><br>混合“无明显现象”,但实际上二者发生了化学反应,其反应的实质是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/5/93356B7A3E44C2E17819DD7D595DBE7F.png"><br>结合生成<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/5/AA5DD1505F1D7A06A012CABC988FF45C.png"><br>。同理,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/5/BE02545C69D20EA7AC1F865B701F8757.png"><br>发生了化学反应,其反应的实质是_____________。由此,同学们总结得出结论:复分解反应发生的条件是有沉淀、气体或水生成。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/f63cdfff065740eb825081b485d38460/C03DA56A69B5198E17E092C66E1F2440.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/7d3374271b78498eaade5bd97d362937/80AA58883CF01822B39DAC9BDE6F95D7.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>酷爱化学和卡通的小玉同学在复习碳酸钠时,发现碳酸钠“神通广大”,它竟然与酸碱指示剂、酸、碱、盐都应!如画出的卡通图如图所示。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/368849FF22AEF555E6837C110D4B515D.png"><br>【温馨提示】氯化钡溶液显中性。<br>1.碳酸钠的俗名是___________(写一种)。<br>2.写出一个用碳酸钠溶液制取少量氢氧化钠的化学方程式:___________。<br>3.向滴有酚酞的碳酸钠溶液中不断逐滴加入氯化钡溶液,直至反应完全,可以观察到的现象为___________。<br>4.若氯化钠中混有少量的碳酸钠,小玉同学选择了一种酸将碳酸钠除去,她选的酸是___________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/656d37c552e9426e95a878766c164d05/5552A45BDFF414E4A679331CE5B2FD0D.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/941beebcf7574c2ba291a894a6d4eb4b/2BD0EC004C18C4282443F629DAE42A62.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>我国制碱工业先驱侯德榜发明了<br>“<br>侯氏制碱法<br>”.<br>其工业流程简化如下图<br>:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/28/42B84580648BAEFFBC3A119C97B51EED.png"><br>(查阅资料)<br>①<br>饱和食盐水中发生的主要反应为:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/28/DC3A513637A5EE33B6156C0B040A6409.png"><br>(<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/28/E298663FC659A06AD8BFD8765CD03C25.png"><br>是因为饱和后析出,变成沉淀)。<br>②<br>人类历史上<br>最<br>经典的制碱法之一<br>“<br>索尔维制碱法<br>”<br>,就是在操作<br>Ⅱ<br>中加入熟石灰以回收氨,使之循环利用,所涉及的反应如下:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/28/A27758211577767D93A3CE1452C9B2D0.png"><br>,但同时产生了大量用处不大的<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/28/3248E25178B8CB97C055EB5D24DC1C86.png"><br>,容易污染环境。<br>(回答问题)<br>(<br>)<br>“<br>侯氏制碱法<br>”<br>所得的主产品<br>“<br>碱<br>”<br>,其俗名是<br>__________<br>(<br>写其中<br>一个即可)。<br>(<br>)气体<br>A<br>具有刺激性气味,它是<br>______<br>(填化学式);气体<br>B<br>能使石蕊试液变<br>________<br>(填<br>“<br>红<br>”<br>或<br>“<br>蓝<br>”<br>),操作<br>I<br>的名称是<br>_______<br>(<br>)写出反应<br>①<br>的化学方程式<br>________<br>,该反应属于<br>_______<br>反应(<br>填基本<br>反应类型)。<br>(<br>)副产品<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/28/CC2052360976210AB8E3ABE7456E483F.png"><br>是一种<br>________<br>肥(选择<br>“<br>氮<br>”<br>、<br>“<br>磷<br>”“<br>钾<br>”<br>或<br>“<br>复合<br>”<br>)。<br>(<br>)针对<br>“<br>索尔维制碱法<br>”<br>的缺点,侯德榜先生在操作<br>Ⅱ<br>中加入的却是氯化钠,使<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/28/CC2052360976210AB8E3ABE7456E483F.png"><br>单独结晶。相比较而言,<br>“<br>侯氏制碱法<br>”<br>的优点在于<br>__________<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/2a7343a5f6574a418c4c372accab53f1/825C498391BE95B7B6FC8074672BE7D6.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>
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