（9）海水“晒盐”—2021-2022学年化学鲁教版（五四制）九年级全一册同步课时作业
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>某兴趣小组的同学进行“粗盐中难溶性杂质的去除”实验。下面是实验过程中的部分操作,其中正确的是( )<br>A.取一定量粗盐<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/8/826A1DE40F8678A438CC13E86A584A55.png"><br>B.溶解<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/8/DF98BB1CD247429702FF373D9F80B670.png"><br>C.过滤<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/8/AE635C5A562D42E384D2861D69A6A749.png"><br>D.蒸发结晶<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/8/8690B72E31C6B84FEB6B6AE49418121C.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/746f0b2b81194cc3966faf3e65e7f6f8/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/46e855cef2cd47cfb2652da73f8f31b4/B23889924F2F7696076842AC8C4AAD7E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列关于氯化钠的认识,正确的是( )<br>A.组成:含有钠和氯两种单质<br>B.性质:与盐酸类似,能与碳酸盐反应<br>C.用途:可用于生产金属钠<br>D.生产:常用钠与氯气通过化合反应获得<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2019/c8a052df93d841b9944831d647ede1c3/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2019/8309ed6aac1443bba8de002a2bdf64ab/6CC84327CDCF8BF8486747E9F4CFFA20.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>在海水晒盐过程中,下列说法不正确的是( )。A.把海水引入贮水池时,海水的成分基本不变<br>B.在蒸发池中进行风吹日晒时,海水中氯化钠的质量分数增大<br>C.在结晶池中继续风吹日晒时,海水中水的质量逐渐减少<br>D.析出晶体后的母液是氯化钠的不饱和溶液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/5b3bd1da8e9f405bb30cd873062db434/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/28bd12e57a1045d698aabab1a1b03d32/899182CDECB53312885F65A1EF43A03B.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>如图是恒温下模拟海水晒盐过程的示意图,下列说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/29945468C6221856E549DDDDE82F28FF.png"><br>A.甲可能是饱和溶液<br>B.乙可能是饱和溶液<br>C.丙可能是不饱和溶液<br>D.丁的溶质质量分数大于丙<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/a35016d3bd7b44ada2a018e05ede62d6/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/0cee467573f5481894b1e26c9c14e622/E38A74D2179EC7FD08DE7EACB04D748A.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>将粗盐溶解、过滤,除去泥沙后,溶液中仍含有少量的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/7/11/DAD36D1234EEC3F91DDA700841D6D245.png"><br>,为除去这些杂质,需用到①<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/7/11/12F5C4AC564AD3765E56094E20CC81FF.png"><br>溶液②<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/7/11/5020518739833AA0F61A620DBB447C84.png"><br>溶液③<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/7/11/22E31F776370366F790221CF4E7FC96B.png"><br>溶液三种试剂(为将杂质除尽,所加试剂均稍过量,且过量物质须在后续操作中被除去),充分反应后,过滤,再向滤液中加入适量的稀盐酸,加热蒸发,即可获得较为纯净的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/7/11/4ECACFEBCC37EE7073E5B2183EE0B735.png"><br>固体。以上三种试剂的加入顺序不正确的是( )<br>A.①②③ B.①③② C.②③① D.③①②<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/18ac36703fbe4ed08eeeeab39b5da239/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/e22933fd1722404c9c193cd632e4a0a3/75E4018A7C5D94DCEDF47C7EB4DB4079.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>从海水中得到的粗盐中往往含有可溶性杂质(主要有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/8/9C07DDF46A51B5DDAADAEC4D7CE15034.png"><br>)和不溶性杂质(泥沙等),必须进行分离和提纯后才能使用。粗盐提纯的部分流程如图8-2-8。有关该流程说法错误的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/8/A1D928DFDCC078FDB91655DF8BB136C8.png"><br>A.不溶性杂质主要是泥沙<br>B.过滤时玻璃棒的作用是搅拌,以便加快过滤速度<br>C.蒸发时,当蒸发皿中出现较多固体时,停止加热,利用蒸发皿的余热使滤液蒸干<br>D.操作①②③依次加入的试剂可以为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/8/12F5C4AC564AD3765E56094E20CC81FF.png"><br>溶液、NaOH溶液、<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/8/5020518739833AA0F61A620DBB447C84.png"><br>溶液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/307a1423213b4bcf8806f90fb0ea4fa0/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/a2c956fea16a4cf398234fff931863ce/EA6527CD9CD5B6FC8AF455AFE02B9B28.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>海水晒盐的原理是利用日晒风吹蒸发海水中的水分,使氯化钠晶体析出。下图能正确表示海水晒盐过程中,海水中<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/12/167FA22263F566DF8C5FB8D782CB3F9C.png"><br>的质量分数(A%)与蒸发时间(t)的关系的是( )。A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/12/F11A7B11BC7624FC2B53AEB34C07F09A.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/12/FD30B359A601CA178D5C2093191C99F7.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/12/785AB9EC38891A06F113046525A35A22.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/12/A5847A748A2BF43572074CF5E38D133C.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/9da35992203a44d6bf8ac26e0a844e49/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/d78219418bbb42a79c23307dbad6dfcb/5A684DD91522AD0D2ADBE8A5689466E9.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>有关“粗盐中难溶性杂质的去除”实验,说法错误的是( )<br>A.多加水,可让粗盐加速溶解<br>B.过滤时,有滤液溅出,会使精盐产率偏低<br>C.当蒸发皿中出现较多固体时,停止加热<br>D.粗盐经过溶解、过滤、蒸发、结晶得到的精盐仍为混合物<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/59935b04a0dd446499d37a4c90c1ae21/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/a119be6502dd487c87d4edcdd005e1ab/5DB00C2B9010560E8F37CB831B3857F3.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>粗盐含有少量的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/29/4A6808485F94E30A4E41963341D9E65A.png"><br>等杂质,为了将杂质除干净,先向粗盐溶液中分别加入过量的①NaOH、②<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/29/5020518739833AA0F61A620DBB447C84.png"><br>、③<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/29/12F5C4AC564AD3765E56094E20CC81FF.png"><br>溶液,过滤,再加入④稀盐酸使溶液的pH=7,最后将所得溶液进行蒸发可得到精盐,加入溶液的先后顺序错误的是( )<br>A.②③①④ B.③②①④ C.①③②④ D.③①②④<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/d2e08cb75bc54c0eb30f6e42d466852f/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/308feaf3914d4b648834310a2fa6005e/847382AE0ABCEBC1A787EB730961A9A1.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>结合下图仪器,完成粗盐提纯实验中的有关问题。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/10/7975F584A668F5CCEB8DCE149F704453.png"><br>1.仪器①的名称是_______。<br>2.在过滤粗盐水时,除用到⑤⑥⑦⑧,还需要用到图中的一种玻璃仪器是_______(填名称)。<br>3.蒸发结晶食盐,除用到①②⑧⑨,还需用到图中的仪器有_______(填序号)。<br>4.下列有关蒸发结晶操作描述正确的是_______。A.当加热至有晶体析出时,即停止加热B.当蒸发皿中出现较多固体时,即停止加热C.当水分完全蒸干时,即停止加热D.蒸发皿应放在石棉网上加热,防止破损<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/e09b568e395f44a4b4be2e82ff7d7167/4611CA78F415F843967425A54EDCA170.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>海洋是人类千万年来赖以生存的重要资源宝库。利用海水提取粗盐的过程如图所示,请回答有关问题:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/639B4E1959601DF0FE6674A4026D2A30.png"><br>1.一定质量的海水,通过贮水池引入蒸发池中,在没有引入结晶池之前的蒸发过程中,蒸发池中氯化钠的质量(填“增大”“不变”或“减小”)。<br>2.在蒸发池中,经过风吹、日晒使水分部分蒸发,蒸发的水分子组成(填“不变”或“改变”),因此该变化是(填“物理变化”或“化学变化”)。<br>3.在结晶池中,继续风吹、日晒,海水就会变为食盐的(填“饱和”或“不饱和”)溶液。<br>4.析出粗盐后,母液中氯化钠的质量分数(填“不变”或“改变”)。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/0ebd5d654b63406f92880411f1df5830/5FAF83CA9A909CCE6B76F9B035CF6081.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/29fd204e84904300991ca500fd4a8c40/AD8B89A9A5E0887BE486C8AFBE2D39BD.png"><br><br>
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