江苏省镇江市扬中市2020届九年级上学期期末考试化学试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>下列属于纯净物的是( )<br>A.葡萄糖 B.不锈钢 C.赤铁矿 D.石灰石<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/68994762cdb542f1919b29366228c130/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/d058a06e6ecd4cbb945d842322e5c2db/62101B1B3C9AB2E9E4D35228F9FAEA77.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>下列变化属于化学变化的是( )<br>A.工业制氧 B.石蜡熔化 C.海水晒盐 D.酒精消毒<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/572a0139d3704a718d15cdc0f093b154/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/af3c31b81c7044aca75b6178e33f1397/F572739766593C0DB3A570AF8039FB4D.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>下列化学用语或对化学用语表述正确的是( )<br>A.两个氯原子---------<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/23884E77D0362C4DB78B4D7304596665.png"><br>B.天然气的主要成分---------<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/CDE08DE09A11174D3A8CC4A13B43D038.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/EDB13CADACDD0611FCC469162027418E.png"><br>----------二氧化硫中有氧分子<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/B194114AC2BB130119E31736F738F030.png"><br>----------铁离子带2个单位的正电荷<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/d6fb5bac1de849c383ffb739c1e4445b/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/aadf535f170045d681030d386bbe7831/42B984B7FBFD8FD515C7A610B6EBD0B8.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列说法错误的是( )<br>A.铝锅变暗,钢丝球洗涮<br>B.冰雪路面,用食盐融雪<br>C.餐盘油污,洗涤剂清洗<br>D.被困于火灾区,可蹲下或匍匐前行逃生<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/b4ddf1c23d3c4652a73a584bb583a516/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/7880121a573e4cca89d03ef8b240e58e/F3270822848577DAC01F8B14C5D7CB4E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列归类正确的是( )<br><tbody><br>选项<br>归类<br>物质(或变化)<br>A<br>人体中常见微量元素<br>碘、锌、钙、铁等<br>B<br>氧化物<br>水、氧化铜、熟石灰<br>C<br>常见合金<br>青铜、硬铝、生铁<br>D<br>氧化反应<br>铁生锈、燃气燃烧、光合作用<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/9ab8427032c04c698401a68dcba627bc/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/f1e05a426d2b4b728dcdff3a01ca9ab3/ED813C71D5FE15140ADFB80BC5233D0D.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>某同学用<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/049D802E7350A56DC61AAD18655E5681.png"><br>和稀硫酸制取<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>并利用反应后的溶液制得<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/996D81C497C6D76B4B7CF28DBC8C23D9.png"><br>固体。下列操作错误的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/3AAC14B808FEC693A5D5841CE8108D9F.png"><br>A.甲:稀释 B.乙:制取 C.丙:验满 D.丁:蒸发<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/310a10102d4940b9acd3989ed54aa968/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/f6a5765b727346d2a80b3b0935c7b8b3/B6768D870254AB17076313A5F964DE48.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列排列顺序正确的是( )<br>A.硫元素的含量:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/42DD7E1FD4156267719C6376F7123294.png"><br>B.金属的活动性:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/E8D21FEE68D3497EA54048E73D288935.png"><br>C.溶于水后的水温:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/23DAEE5F3BDB516A6E0CB16446BC62E7.png"><br>D.物质的溶解度:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/F234AE00425AC8A29CB563D1837DA54F.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/36900d84b2334b399b5b2e7e3e08d910/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/7fcf273d652445eeaf5ae009391cdfb0/ED1FC2226D6AFFFA492BEEB51E7902CC.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列实验设计正确的是( )<br>A.用活性炭使硬水转化为软水<br>B.用10mL量筒量取5.62mL水<br>C.用水电解实验说明水由氢、氧元素组成<br>D.观察颜色区分黄金和黄铜(铜锌合金)<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/20643b85b4f84781b69b4d01c381adaf/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/35c9ab6a5fff43fe9c90f349538863b5/A1E5FF8B40FD1EB91508EC93F464F46B.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列实验现象的描述或实验操作不正确的是( )<br>A.10.0mL酒精与10.0mL蒸馏水混合,溶液的体积会小于20.0mL<br>B.滴瓶上的滴管使用后无需用蒸馏水清洗,直接放回原滴瓶<br>C.加热含碳酸的石蕊试液,溶液由紫色变为无色<br>D.实验室一氧化碳还原氧化铁,先熄灭酒精喷灯,冷却后停止通一氧化碳<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/552d0f84fddc47eeba8f1880e3c820ad/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/a7e356a762904ac284d49edd233f84ae/93BCA70D18E14BAA2FB0533CF4DCB4DF.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下图是甲转化为丙的微观过程。下列说法不正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/569A8915A50D028F25DF1F6D0EF0626A.png"><br>A.整个过程中仅有1种氧化物<br>B.转化①中甲和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/CE3FB2E68B350B28E5B76D176FE3FE33.png"><br>反应的分子个数比为2:3<br>C.转化②是化合反应<br>D.丙中氢、硫、氧元素的质量比为1:16:32<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/b7c3570a699a447d946eca3e5b0b0e66/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/c90b16b8027245ef96a7b35ff45d7af6/05C1097AD10C73724F59E8939C54235E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列指定反应的化学方程式正确的是( )<br>A.高炉炼铁中焦炭的作用:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/B238E4785C957D4A724161D622E71B2A.png"><br>B.铁罐不能装稀盐酸:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/2BB5822337C98BF40C4140067A6D50B3.png"><br>C.用石灰石浆处理二氧化硫:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/4851A1195E32C36E87010C4C01BEE263.png"><br>D.铜丝插入硝酸银溶液中:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/AA20BA888DD9140222A689724A90C91C.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/c22ff4ac28be441e8195cc4ef6df4dd4/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/baebce17230241a0b071c8b96082cb72/6085A9E10DF1033C407A506CB0F251F5.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>铜和浓硫酸反应的化学方程式为:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/86C5EF1539F2B9BC1F29B47A90D5CE27.png"><br>,下列说法正确的是( )<br>A.X的化学式是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/BD4740BBB23D1834A97201E8C27902D5.png"><br>B.制取<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/AF154872D0EC786CACF677FD6F562EED.png"><br>物质:用<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/019B56183F50F3365FBCB573E48BD3CE.png"><br>来制取更加合理<br>C.Cu能和酸发生反应,说明铜比氢活泼<br>D.该反应中仅有铜元素化合价发生改变<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/4422bc9e87e041bb9161702932b44a84/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/2fb648dfcc2e41fb958edd10895f45db/368F8AC223841858D1E6417AD69B0B9E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列物质的转化在给定条件下均能实现的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/D54B466D6BA702C377C19CC0E549381A.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/18FDE6C9B658E9107BBEBB318996B407.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/3786F5141B48EB2530BF129477A9839C.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/4792156BA2AC19411EE7FFAD3A05CC8F.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/b29aca29be5f4f5daf57947b522caadb/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/87ede814d5cf462faf7bb938721a582c/EA5AA43B5C1880FA8ABDC1C7B934B545.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列实验操作中(括号内为待检验物质或杂质)不能达到实验目的的是( )<br><tbody><br>选项<br>物质<br>目的<br>主要实验操作<br>A<br>KCl、<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/B24F7CDE6AD9E94EFD42E801F850ED99.png"><br>溶液<br>鉴别<br>取样,滴加肥皂水<br>B<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/128F55B144935C78E07F02CFC2D09193.png"><br>(NaCl)<br>提纯<br>加90℃水溶解,降温结晶、过滤<br>C<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/937FDA011D046B8F739CA0856671E520.png"><br>固体(KCl)<br>除杂<br>充分加热至固体质量不变<br>D<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/19DB00263A67B64F8C686CD794139E8F.png"><br>、KCl固体<br>分离<br>溶解、过滤、洗涤、烘干、蒸发<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/ebae1cbeed9c48f19b2f896474afe82e/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/b33b675c9ff142a5b6e672bd0b83e1a5/E0665D9DD457A303101AB7AD82BBC032.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>把20.4g铜和铁的混合粉末放入烧杯中,先加入100g8%硫酸铜溶液,充分反应后,再加入300g9.8%的稀硫酸,完全反应,过滤、洗涤、干燥得9.6g固体。下列判断错误的是( )<br>A.反应过程中共生成0.4g<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/BDF900345AF09A3015F45B2669FF3895.png"><br>B.反应中共消耗的硫酸溶液为200g<br>C.原混合物中Cu的质量为6.4g<br>D.最后得到的9.6g固体中一定含有铜,可能含有铁<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/01c3ae8439124547b0094d6a83936c60/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/f504f8df1f234f26bd94677ba4421e6e/A0E22090B03E91ADF14B4AC32C26237D.png"><br><br>※题型：多选题※知识点：多选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列说法正确的是( )<br>A.合金的熔点一般比各成分金属低<br>B.将不饱和溶液转化为饱和溶液,溶质质量分数一定增大<br>C.可通过降低可燃物的着火点来灭火<br>D.单质中只含有一种元素,只含有一种元素的纯净物一定是单质<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/03c23de2753644f99c3663bc15bb5ea2/4D602B79606E3B65829E8D0313A702E6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/0ce2d027cfc0424eaabf65ddef7aa107/C1C331331627002CE4DEFFF90C813621.png"><br><br>※题型：多选题※知识点：多选题※试题难度：中等<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/20/17C4ED76BE254D134DE27FD0983A4897.png"><br>℃时,将等质量的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/20/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>、KCl分别加入各盛有100.0g水的两个烧杯中,充分搅拌后恢复到<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/20/17C4ED76BE254D134DE27FD0983A4897.png"><br>℃,现象如图1、2所示。下列说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/20/10FDEC5BACFEA152E6CB5195ADFF5AE8.png"><br>A.甲中加入的固体是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/20/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>B.甲中溶液可能是该溶质的饱和溶液,乙中上层清液一定是该溶质的饱和溶液<br>C.将甲、乙中的物质混合,充分搅拌,一定有固体剩余<br>D.若将甲、乙的温度从<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/20/17C4ED76BE254D134DE27FD0983A4897.png"><br>℃升高到<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/20/1C0EA8B44E777689813A269C9074933B.png"><br>℃,两溶液中的溶质质量分数相等<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/61b947a437774af7b66197cee9160472/D18D4D13EAB1C5050787CC6EDF970E13.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/164a6d302f7947b0b58ccb1ae77aae5e/DBF740290ED29DB758D5CD233A410141.png"><br><br>※题型：多选题※知识点：多选题※试题难度：中等<br>现有300g的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/8A763D71E086C83FA2DCFA8805132E5B.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/63116A891207AED4C20441DF9C31E3A7.png"><br>的混合溶液中加入一定量的Zn粉,过滤后,向滤渣中再加入一定质量分数的稀硫酸,反应图像如图所示,下列说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/A5741F4E9D60DA897C7D1836A6D284E9.png"><br>A.b点中溶液的溶质有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/63116A891207AED4C20441DF9C31E3A7.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/6F163F5D3E6FEBDDBC37F4D016C413B9.png"><br>B.m的值为28.0<br>C.c点中<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/6F163F5D3E6FEBDDBC37F4D016C413B9.png"><br>的质量为56.4g<br>D.d点中含有的固体只有Cu和Ag<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/c7ffb1d1c393447ea5eaac4be21feab7/D18D4D13EAB1C5050787CC6EDF970E13.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/50e138b613bf4b93bf2e12e00253009b/82819FAA3E8DE762EEDC4B4DF36B366B.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列各组物质,不用其他试剂就能签别出来的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/FA8B45FEA57EB65EA23A3431A60646A4.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/FCBF69C5A15DAFEE2CCFE17AD931D63F.png"><br>C.浓氨水稀HCl稀硫酸石蕊试液<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/145A6C56B4E836E025D27EB216E37223.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/df5d4ea138304aa9a686b48d56fdbe9a/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/7d126e8cf5574a49bba3d1ed4e83ed01/5F220B1D4494DD05FC148C4A628FCF4A.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>能源“非石油化”是战略目标,发展以<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/BD14D7E6F2A6CB6CDDF45AAABD1E15F4.png"><br>等为原料的“<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/41625A1208708C4266330BE7E1F16D3D.png"><br>化学”成为化工生产的必然趋势。通常天然气中含有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/8BA90CB1150F90B25C2ACB57931CDD3B.png"><br>等有毒气体,图为天然气合成氨的工艺流程。下列说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/15A4D535D2C59F3360676803390E139B.png"><br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/8FFD9623AC5FDA861D30322DB7A882EC.png"><br>按照质量比1:3合成氨气<br>B.用<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/C41C6532B4F14709C390B6632889EA7C.png"><br>除去<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/8BA90CB1150F90B25C2ACB57931CDD3B.png"><br>,生成物中含硫元素的物质有1种<br>C.该流程中可参与循环的物质有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/C41C6532B4F14709C390B6632889EA7C.png"><br>D.反应①中主要发生的化学反应方程式(反应条件略去):<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/36F24C040D33FCA4CAEC656B9638E869.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/6af039e693d24c16855a9151db4491f8/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/b9a502892dd2463e907b2c9fd45d7cad/EB0F10A7C7568EB21FA8BF4FFD45D054.png"><br><br>※题型：计算题※知识点：计算题※试题难度：较易<br>用化学符号表示<br>:<br>1.磷元素_______;<br>2.磁铁矿的主要成分_______;3.3个铁离子________;4.人体缺乏______元素时,会导致侏儒症。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/13069ab22e7a4cbd935ea5a5bec540b2/068660E3E473D09AD8045D912D3FCADB.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/568e69cf6bfc4e36ad15a3214a2cb9d9/E07BEF44DB72D7E32204D01114264236.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：较易<br>选择下列适当的物质填空<br>(<br>选填序号<br>):<br>A<br>干冰<br>B<br>氢气<br>C<br>武德合金<br>D<br>酒精<br>E<br>青铜<br>F<br>活性炭<br>G<br>氖气<br>H<br>金刚石<br>1.用于冰箱除异味的是_________;2.理想绿色能源是_______;3.可用于人工降雨的是_______;4.可用于制霓虹灯的是________;5.人类使用最早的合金________;6.既可作燃料又可用于消毒是________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/f4592c767cab499aa1df45c64647edca/BB3A25846AC00203D77D4EBA9D20E361.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/9df88b9c184c48cbb4e2c57622c0e6f2/7ED7671244C268DF6A29872CFDD846A2.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：较易<br>合金是重要的金属材料。<br>1.7075铝合金的是以锌为主要合金元素的铝合金,但有时也要少量添加了镁、铜。铝、锌、镁、铜按一定比例熔合后冷却该过程属于______变化(选填“物理”或“化学”)。<br>2.如图中是7075铝合金和铜片的之间刻画,其中表示7075铝合金的是____(选填“A”或“B”)<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/8F276CD1108509A4906022A846842EBE.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/bb60d93e587f49c88bd69d9abc5cac4b/F669FCD35D21809821713778E9CAD093.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/6a6273aaa64247f0bad8240427f580b3/F235D962056E7A015118FBAE5AEBE948.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>某兴趣<br>小组同学从海水晒盐后的盐卤中模拟工业生产来提取镁,主要流程如下<br>:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/A9D0EB710EB987F4BD031B967EF1A17C.png"><br>[<br>问题讨论<br>]<br>1.操作①是______(填实验操作名称),用到主要玻璃仪器有______、烧杯、玻璃棒。<br>2.一系列操作②中包含蒸发浓缩、_____过滤等。3.电解氯化镁可以得到镁和氯气,该反应的化学方程式为______。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/278c33e2a2754418a05e22cbdf33b2ce/E64C1C03C904289D45E05374FBE47FE6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/6132e49cb9a24f4593fc82df32c1b16f/DD5DD788F6A8D82253797CD3DF237867.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>亚氯酸钠<br>(<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/38075696DC9AB36F173454A020061434.png"><br>)<br>是常用的高效漂白剂,可用氯酸钠<br>(<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/5DF5727C84444E4C710B600AA38E33DF.png"><br>)<br>制取,同时产生使带火星木条复燃的气体,主要流程如下<br>:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/4E91F0054F5DEEE5EF7B9C9C0D1F3119.png"><br>1.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/5DF5727C84444E4C710B600AA38E33DF.png"><br>中Cl元素的化合价为_______。<br>2.请写出②中化学反应方程式:_____。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/62cd13829940408ea7c212e5cbbc1612/B858E1C824486274211F936DBAB0DC86.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/3db274caca8a4afaa24fe36d2ffcaf9e/A23D02D365A7CA16C155BA360478C331.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>某学习<br>小组围绕<br>“<br>实验室制取气体<br>”<br>进行探究,请你参与完成下面的问题。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/E154B10113A04D682D4189A5351C905F.png"><br>1.写出图中所标仪器的名称a.________;b_________。<br>2.若用A装置制氧气,药品为紫黑色固体,则发生反应的化学方程式_____,此时A装置还需要改进的是_____。若用D收集氧气,反应结束时应先_______(填“将导管移出水面”或“熄灭酒精灯”。3.实验室制取<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>,化学方程式为_________,C装置相对于B装置的优点____。4.实验室可以锌粒和稀硫酸制取氢气,请写出化学方程式_____。某同学将锌粒和稀硫酸的试管浸入饱和的澄清石灰水中,出现如图所示的现象,可得出的结论_______。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/82E59840E5CC571085108194F17FF2FD.png"><br> 5.实验室用加热氯化铵和熟石灰两种固体的混合物来制取氨气。氨气是一种无色、有刺激性气味的气体,极易溶于水。实验室制取并收集干燥氨气,应选用的装置顺序为_____(填字母)。AA---G---DBB---G----ECB---G----FDA---G----F<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/d1362b2398d64e73b94f6a18f3488e10/0BF32E5029B60083ACC1DC0F1A0785B8.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/c8602fee8d7842faaf6e9d2ac11430ac/8DF7AB6CCB3E15D65F6D1EE6ED3732DB.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>天然气的主要成分是甲烷<br>(<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/CDE08DE09A11174D3A8CC4A13B43D038.png"><br>)<br>,化学兴趣小组的同学对甲烷燃烧的产物产生了兴趣,请你参与探究与分析<br>:<br>[<br>提出问题<br>]<br>甲烷在氧气中燃烧后生成哪些物质<br>?<br>[<br>知识储备<br>]<br>含碳元素的物质在氧气中完全燃烧生成<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>不完全燃烧生成<br>CO;<br>无水<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/AF154872D0EC786CACF677FD6F562EED.png"><br>遇水变蓝色。<br>[<br>猜想与假设<br>]<br><tbody><br>产物猜想<br>甲<br>乙<br>丙<br>丁<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/B7D8E3FBAFFBD243F43C90BB26E0010D.png"><br>CO<br>、<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/EC3292BA20EA95699E445A75CBF39462.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/2DD5BBB9EA59495787088EEEB23D0E55.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/432A9CB0D42A0B90B6DACE8513776519.png"><br></tbody><br>有人认为丙同学的猜想是错误的,理由是<br>________<br>[<br>实验探究<br>]<br>为了验证上述猜想与假设,将<br>4.8g<br>甲烷在<br>l6g<br>氧气中燃烧的产物依次通过下列装置<br>(<br>假设每步都能完全吸收<br>):<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/546A559C1003285E2518EF6BF383A86D.png"><br>(<br>)<br>A<br>、<br>B<br>装置的顺序<br>_________(<br>填<br>“<br>能<br>”<br>或<br>“<br>不能<br>”)<br>颠倒。<br>(<br>)实验中观察到<br>A<br>中<br>_________<br>现象,<br>并增重<br>________<br>,说明有水生成。装置<br>B<br>增重<br>4.4g,<br>装置<br>B<br>中发生反应的化学方程式<br>___________<br>(<br>)装置<br>C<br>中观察到固体有黑色变成红色的现象,说明有<br>______<br>生成,<br>由此推断<br>______<br>同学猜想成立。<br>(<br>)请写出<br>4.8g<br>的甲烷在<br>16g<br>氧气中燃烧化学方程式<br>:_______<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/8a67111d06cb493e9c8b384e7c3f6555/32732FA1BF38C0C3A2620C9326A77D72.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/4af12304f8c34d0480e50e87659ad74f/0606CACDE80A8ED8CE342F2FB8BD8FB1.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>现有一包固体粉末,可能含有<br>NaOH<br>、<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/AF154872D0EC786CACF677FD6F562EED.png"><br>、<br>C<br>粉、<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/C33BDE800D867632B103C25FB2DA0A2F.png"><br>、<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/F71EB1AC8A17C3FCD5745081E221E174.png"><br>、<br>Fe<br>粉中的种或几种。现做如下实验<br>:<br>1.取少量固体加热,无氨味,则原固体中一定不含______。<br>2.另取少量固体溶于足量水中,温度明显升高,则原固体中一定含有_____。过滤,得到无色澄清溶液和黑色固体,则原固体中一定不含_______、_____。3.取(2)中得到的黑色固体,加入足量的稀盐酸,固体全部溶解并有气体放出,由此判断原固体中还含有_______,没有______。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/915d5df65191463782f68e59bee6b30f/0F352AF3DACD2BA1535DD74B4E752EE5.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/8d7b0d37b19d4f0e9477f9af639b4c92/FD18DBD087E4AF1BBEC8C5E62E848E75.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>下图表示某些物质间转化关系<br>(“→”<br>表示物质之间存在转化关系<br>)<br>。其中<br>A<br>、<br>B<br>是由相同元素组成的无色液体,且<br>A<br>具有消毒杀菌作用<br>;C<br>、<br>F<br>为气体单质,<br>F<br>是空气中含量最高的气体<br>:D<br>、<br>E<br>为固体,<br>D<br>呈红棕色,<br>E<br>是应用最广泛的金属。<br>G<br>的相对分子质量为<br>100;<br>组成元素的原子个数比为<br>3:2<br>。回答下列问题<br>:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/19AC2410495878DA38B9A027FD58080F.png"><br>1.①中D的作用是________;G的化学式____;<br>2.②处利用______不同(填序号:A.沸点B.密度C.溶解性),分离得两种气体:3.反应①的化学方程式:________。4.M与<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/B8412B99EF52FBFC82A6EBAC7C8B8D8E.png"><br>可生成尿素<imgalt="www"
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