重庆市2021届中考化学试卷（A卷）
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>2021年印度新冠疫情加剧,导致其国内氧气供应严重不足。下列关于氧气的说法错误的是( )<br>A.用于医疗急救 B.易溶于水<br>C.能使带火星木条复燃 D.可贮存在钢瓶中<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/a8018589d2464655a2fe3353954e65a2/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>叶子发黄的水稻易倒伏,专家建议施用含钾的复合肥料。下列肥料符合要求的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/F11326033621B0DBF223234AB8C618D1.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/128F55B144935C78E07F02CFC2D09193.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/92BD1A9E26F38B141EA4FF751D9EB445.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/B90E8387C03EBA3876DAFDC61F8919A9.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/2d9692df32604d5f8df650ed9c7183df/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>实验室里,可用火法制备锰的化学方程式为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/305D30EC2580A11E1DCBEBC5F78F17AB.png"><br>,其中表现出还原性的物质是( )<br>A.Al<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/19DB00263A67B64F8C686CD794139E8F.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/0FBDF0520703FB10D44B2529CC455ED3.png"><br>D.Mn<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/8a2150a02f0e408ebfb47a2f4dfc3ef5/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>2021年3月22日是“世界水日”,自来水净水过程中不涉及的环节是( )<br>A.沉淀 B.蒸馏 C.吸附 D.消毒<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/d84347b01b8741ddb7fe413b39a73ec9/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>生产生活中常用氮气作保护气,主要是因为氮气( )<br>A.无色无味 B.密度与空气接近<br>C.熔沸点低 D.化学性质不活泼<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/2a2678cbb5414884919d84cb9573f812/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>从中草药中提取的 calebinA(化学式为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/B4F871E73D5AE8B55C7A892A48872407.png"><br>)可用于治疗阿尔茨海默症。下列关于FcalebinA的说法错误的是( )<br>A.属于有机物<br>B.由碳、氢、氧三种元素组成<br>C.一个分子由48个原子构成<br>D.其中氧元素的质量分数最小a<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/aacce3b47f8b4a639325ffe5b4199d9e/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>“火锅”当选为“重庆十大文化符号”之首。下列做法合理的是( )<br>A.清洗用过的筷子并高温消毒<br>B.用甲醛溶液处理毛肚<br>C.在门窗紧闭的家里吃炭火火锅<br>D.吃清洗过的霉变苕粉<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/6f8eb8ecde80422a8390ed9e8670bc60/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>2020年科学家开发出新型催化剂,光照下能将二氧化碳转化为甲烷,微观示意图如下,下列关于该反应的说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/1B029272777A64B5F65328BC101605A1.png"><br>A.属于置换反应<br>B.反应前后原子种类改变<br>C.反应中涉及2种氧化物<br>D.参加反应的反应物分子个数比为1:1<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/fb1b410ddc42496d9b90a483e90e1ce0/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>我国“天问一号”探测器成功着陆火星,发现火星表被赤铁矿覆盖,平均温度约为-56℃,火星大气中含有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>(体积分数为95.3%)、<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/393537DB07FC038D0B78385B3D25AD49.png"><br>等物质,下列说法正确的是( )<br>A.火星上白磷无法自燃<br>B.火星上缺少金属资源<br>C.火星大气组成与空气相似<br>D.火星地表不存在固态水<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/fa890967150540769ece3cc04f87aec7/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>石油古称“水”,《汉书》中“高奴县洧水可燃”、《梦溪笔谈》中“予知其烟可用,试扫其烟为墨,黑光如漆”,下列关于“洧水”的说法错误的是( )<br>A.具有可燃性 B.是一种黏稠状液体<br>C.是可再生能源 D.“其烟”的主要成分为炭黑<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/c2b3c16d2db2413ea6ae156368589773/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列实验目的通过对应实验操作能达到的是( )<br><tbody><br>序号<br>实验目的<br>实验操作<br>A<br>除去CO中的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/BDF900345AF09A3015F45B2669FF3895.png"><br>通过灼热CuO<br>B<br>鉴別<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/19DB00263A67B64F8C686CD794139E8F.png"><br>粉末和木炭粉<br>分别加水搅拌<br>C<br>除去<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/128F55B144935C78E07F02CFC2D09193.png"><br>溶液中的KCl<br>加入过量<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/8A763D71E086C83FA2DCFA8805132E5B.png"><br>溶液后过滤<br>D<br>鉴别化肥<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/C2920B52E90B7114DD19F38FB44C25B2.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/128F55B144935C78E07F02CFC2D09193.png"><br>分别加入熟石灰研磨后闻气味<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/00088b0f40ba4838a2b99277df19a06d/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>向盛有硫酸和硫酸铜混合溶液的烧杯中滴入<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/34DBE232AAC1853E5991FC6D88AEDCDF.png"><br>溶液,烧杯中溶质的质量与加入的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/34DBE232AAC1853E5991FC6D88AEDCDF.png"><br>溶液的质量关系如图所示。下列有关说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/9151EC28E7C67527A4C44CF003E23DCD.png"><br>A.a→b段溶液的质量一定减小<br>B.b→c段有水生成<br>C.b点溶液溶质为硫酸铜<br>D.d点沉淀质量与b点沉淀质量相等<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/5088120c095641b58246bb927b7e8ded/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：较易<br>糖尿病检验原理之一是将含有葡萄糖<br>(<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/02216BFFD935B6D99F7AB8B0594E946C.png"><br>)<br>的尿液与新制<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/37665690298015D30B54C29AD1E95721.png"><br>共<br>热<br>产生砖红色沉淀<br>该沉淀为氧化亚铜<br>请用化学用语填空。<br>1.2个铜原子________________,3个氢氧根离子__________________。<br>2.铜元素常显0、+1、+2价,氧化亚铜的化学式为__________________。3.葡萄糖在人体内缓慢氧化生成<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>和___________________,并释放能量<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/02ae43d9b85a4cfd8cb65363712e6d4c/44F65C0B6C66312571131790CF34D539.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：较易<br>人体中质量分数在<br>0.01%<br>以下的元素称为微量元素。下图表示部分元素在人<br>体<br>中的质量分数及有关元素信息。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/DD09D9413EE9EF5F98F9EE5544CF7855.png"><br>1.图1中钙元素为__________(填“常量”或“微量”)元素<br>2.图2为某粒子的结构示意图,其最外层电子数为__________,3.以铁元素为主要成分的生铁比纯铁硬度___________(填“大”或“小”)。4.钾在空气中加热发生化合反应生成超氧化钾(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/E5CDFEA6841CA5D01DA7F2FE6DBDF496.png"><br>)的化学方程式为________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/4eec9d5c4b98432f89c4384f547a8ece/DEECBE62A7466C793D078C5A941F988A.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>NaOH<br>、<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/128F55B144935C78E07F02CFC2D09193.png"><br>和<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/049D802E7350A56DC61AAD18655E5681.png"><br>在不同温度下的溶解度如下表所示<br><tbody><br>物质<br>溶解度<br>/g<br>温度℃<br><br>NaOH<br>42.0<br>51.0<br>109.0<br>119.0<br>129.0<br>KOH<br>13.3<br>20.9<br>31.6<br>45.8<br>63.9<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/049D802E7350A56DC61AAD18655E5681.png"><br>6.0<br>16.0<br>18.0<br>36.5<br>50.0<br></tbody><br>下列实验过程中不考虑化学变化、水的热发和结晶水合物等因素。<br>1.10℃时,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/128F55B144935C78E07F02CFC2D09193.png"><br>的溶解度_________(填“>”,“<”或“=”)<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/049D802E7350A56DC61AAD18655E5681.png"><br>的溶解度<br>2.20℃时,将129gNaOH固体加入到100g水中,搅拌后固体全部消失,放置到<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/F6069644CA3B461C118F63EDD86070F2.png"><br>时刻开始析出固体,到<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/ED924A94735F8A854946CD631F3FAFF3.png"><br>时刻析出10g固体<br>①时刻为_________(填“饱和”或“不饱和”)溶液。<br>②<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/ED924A94735F8A854946CD631F3FAFF3.png"><br>时刻溶液的温度为_________℃3.40℃时,将等质量的三种物质的饱和溶液冷却到30℃,所得溶液中溶剂质量最多__________(填序号)<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/049D802E7350A56DC61AAD18655E5681.png"><br>溶液<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/128F55B144935C78E07F02CFC2D09193.png"><br>溶液<br>C.NaOH溶液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/e44531f842c247d1b517cc78c7155774/0377F1578CC06F548B4DBC323DD7B71D.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：较易<br>“<br>嫦娥五号<br>“<br>上使用的记忆合金、<br>SiC<br>颗粒增强铝基复合材料、高性能芳纶纤维等材料引起了全世界的关注。<br>1.下列属于有机合成材料的是_________(填序号)。<br>A.记忆合金B.羊毛C.芳纶纤维<br>2.硬度非常大的SiC,其结构类似金刚,则构成SiC的基本粒子为________(填序号)<br>A.分子B.原子C.离子3.工业制取记忆合金中的钛,先用热浓硫酸处理钛铁矿(主要成分为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/483D3DAB4EBF9B4C919D8F089CAF501C.png"><br>)反应中元素化合价不变,得到硫酸钛<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/C10388FBCB8DAB05832AEFE408F02E76.png"><br>、硫酸亚铁和一种氧化物,硫酸亚铁中钛元素的化合价为_____,化学方程式为____________________________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/6c68a473fa8346a8a76bdbdf1ec54403/BC0B971D2B2EDBB95256FA4973F83DA8.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>某兴趣<br>小组利用<br>废镍材料<br>(<br>含有金属<br>Ni<br>及少量<br>Fe<br>、<br>Ag)<br>探究相关物质的性质并回收镍<br>设计流程<br>如下图小<br>(<br>部分产物略去<br>)<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/9D2EE0D5ED88121C1C7789D7DF57B7C2.png"><br>查阅资料<br>:<br>a<br>.<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/E947C2E36CD3B4692A2CC3A67A71F96C.png"><br>溶液可将<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/B194114AC2BB130119E31736F738F030.png"><br>转化为<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/49862ECF28D732618BA0357490231B47.png"><br>b.<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/7AA81843ECCD4C5061665CC0801FFA6E.png"><br>转化为对应的氢氧化物沉淀时,溶液<br>PH<br>有如下<br>:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/569DB877296FDFA3495D7D831F4ED6EE.png"><br>1.步骤的操作为__________________。<br>2.滤渣①的成分为________________。3.单质Fe参与反应的化学方程式为___________________________。(任写一个)4.滤液②中有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/700AB784C2CE869B8A4C338586C7890E.png"><br>、无<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/E4B50C6FC14385A2289F58BED4A6B92C.png"><br>,则滤液②pH可能为_________(填序号)。<br>A.PH=1 B.PH=2 C.PH=6 D.PH=105.Ni、Fe、Ag三种金属的活动性由强到弱的顺序为___________________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/ccdf33a47f61408d962683756b89c8b8/C4FF37B785D9BBAE3C006B247EEB08DC.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：较易<br>氧气的制取和性质是初中化学的重要内容,根据下图所示的装置回答问题<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/51FEC090ADF6DB858A7C385E60231DEF.png"><br>1.仪器a常用_________(填“内焰”“外焰”或“焰心”)加热。<br>2.用<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/E947C2E36CD3B4692A2CC3A67A71F96C.png"><br>溶液和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/19DB00263A67B64F8C686CD794139E8F.png"><br>制取<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/CE3FB2E68B350B28E5B76D176FE3FE33.png"><br>的化学方程式为_________________________。实验室里欲制取和收集一瓶干燥的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/CE3FB2E68B350B28E5B76D176FE3FE33.png"><br>,需选用的装置是________(填序号)。3.装置E中水的作用是____________________________________________。4.若将铁丝改为少量木炭进行实验,为了检验产物,可将水换成____________(填名称)<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/cb58f0e0063e409c806557f759c81c55/A32BCABFE8F365C5F611F1F3B09237CB.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：计算题※知识点：计算题※试题难度：中等<br>二氧化氯<br>(<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/2D6BB1E99EC9712F9ABE69638AB4339D.png"><br>)<br>常用于自来水消毒<br>工业制取原理为<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/E614ABDCB0AE0B1736574F8D32E882B8.png"><br>某工厂将<br>kg<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/5DF5727C84444E4C710B600AA38E33DF.png"><br>固体加到<br>100kg<br>浓盐酸中<br>反应一段时间后<br>生成<br>13.5kg<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/2D6BB1E99EC9712F9ABE69638AB4339D.png"><br>(<br>生成的气体全部逸<br>其它物质全部形成溶液<br>)<br>已知<br>: <br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/5DF5727C84444E4C710B600AA38E33DF.png"><br>和<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/2D6BB1E99EC9712F9ABE69638AB4339D.png"><br>的相对分子质量分别为<br>106.5<br>和<br>67.5<br>试计算<br>:<br>1.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/5DF5727C84444E4C710B600AA38E33DF.png"><br>中钠元素和氧元素的质量比为________________。<br>2.参加反应的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/5DF5727C84444E4C710B600AA38E33DF.png"><br>的质量3.所得溶液中<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/28/5DF5727C84444E4C710B600AA38E33DF.png"><br>的质量分数(计算结果精确到1%)<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/1b581b20fd27489cab809cb87d41f694/0F7CA61116AE7A337344A67D9F8050FB.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>
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