江苏省苏州市昆山市2020届九年级上学期期末考试化学试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>“改善环境质量,推动绿色发展”是当前环保工作的重点。下列做法不符合这一要求的是( )<br>A.燃放烟花爆竹,增添节日气氛<br>B.提倡公交出行,减少尾气排放<br>C.加强植树造林,改善空气质量<br>D.垃圾分类回收,增强节约意识<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/799276818b0a408e9161bf51bdc062aa/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/d46267e070d84a678820989da907acd9/E8195E06AE3B33B193CF96FFE3A3F3C8.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列古代文明或工艺一定包含化学变化的是( )<br>A.在甲骨上刻文字 B.指南针指引航海<br>C.用泥土烧制陶瓷 D.用石块修筑长城<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/5fe3bb40465c410482caf19844edcf1f/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/644bc01edf6e48d3a6ee4016c982178f/26221B427179FE18D829453F17D9DBAC.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>下列物质属于单质的是( )<br>A.空气 B.液氧 C.水 D.青铜<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/3dbff71e9287428b8f0e6efdb314ab3c/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/bd3a91b6c0e74c59af2af65fe4df9e3e/780FC65DDE9751122AF1A33CC54DDDD0.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列厨房常见物质中,能溶于水形成溶液的是( )<br>A.食盐 B.面粉 C.菜籽油 D.辣酱<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/0a529d1bfbc9452bb822aa1a2185293a/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/83face8327544c5da658b18c323f8094/A671D2FDA1DF207D71D2B98884FE8D05.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列化学仪器对应的名称书写不正确的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/8766111FFC0872C2FF294532F11B5562.png"><br>药匙<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/A37BD775BA447C2B420C6ABBC0B63AF0.png"><br>坩埚钳<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/B8358DA4A4222402D8A9678BBAA6D9E8.png"><br>长劲漏斗<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/E6A707EB15141736C8D20DCD55A31563.png"><br>烧瓶<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/6265f9efc70b4700813fe5ac4e9c626f/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/3ff52297b500456685462ec8531e46e5/F3146417070CB033798434821D5BC1E7.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列有关化学用语表示正确的是( )<br>A.氧化铝:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/B7D216939A9EA4817D642094F90363C1.png"><br>B.2个硫酸根离子:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/AF03EFCE35B4AA364A282BFBD463E647.png"><br>C.3个氧原子:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/D4C5BB6900DD1B4D2198380F5830F64C.png"><br>D.氮原子的结构示意图:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/0FEBC59901B624ABF3577CEB9F1124C5.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/d6fcac7c5d634b0090a97a888bb60638/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/09782474f32d464983f21192826d054c/0ABC786551AD3A20920A7EA651B55D90.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>为预防骨质疏松,应给人体补充的元素是( )<br>A.钙 B.铁 C.锌 D.碘<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/5a05b113d47f4f3cb2e43c6aa57305ca/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/560771c3942d41a390f701fa1f4fbeb0/7BD2D5C7C7B6862E6009461E41FF222A.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列化合物中铬(Cr)元素呈+6价的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/32A487EBED9C6BC7F393BE6286E41F56.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/114994B8F04896BC8E14D93A302458BE.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/DAF16B50222FCE14F4329169C3E4C8D7.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/459CBE461617E91875C36E226A453900.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/4aed2e9332ce41fbb912f95b577913b7/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/8fb0803ba1364a83b24efd7d2c53562e/09FC7C17C81DBE6B96948D623E3D3EBF.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>下列做法不正确的是( )<br>A.高层楼房着火时,不能乘坐电梯逃离<br>B.在加油站张贴严禁烟火的标志<br>C.进入久未开启的地窖,要做灯火实验<br>D.家用电器着火时,立即用水扑灭<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/3a4cb8e65ef849dd8ff864ba2f06acc8/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/0e89911317c74fc99e30caa56ad9cb69/8B1035B0A2DB13BE3FC41BCFB1499A65.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>自然界的水都不是纯净水。下列有关水的净化的说法不正确的是( )<br>A.电解水是一种常用的净水方法<br>B.净水时活性炭起吸附作用<br>C.蒸馏可将海水淡化<br>D.用氯气作消毒剂可以杀死水中的细菌<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/ec3c458dd37a4479801997e363dff214/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/d60a7368080f4371ae9d3e767e5a24b9/B65315FEE88E8CC5B9A8E3B9E9538BBA.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下图是甲转化为丙的微观过程。下列说法不正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/3093E7DADFA0CFD7BD9474FCFEAADEDE.png"><br>A.反应前后原子种类不变<br>B.转化①中甲和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/43916A0CBDACF639905BC5CD89370C97.png"><br>反应的分子个数比为1:1<br>C.转化②是化合反应<br>D.丙中氢、硫、氧元素的的原子个数比是2:1:4<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/b5f0e60abe5144c08100a612693c856a/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/3d318fccfed845119b8f5a728c3192ca/D037D5BD1B42E64FF5171FB182E7AD05.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列实验操作正确的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/09AE5AFEA75D72AD0A21225C476E4428.png"><br>点燃酒精灯<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/8E9F38FCE786B42BD2B9D06627839F73.png"><br>倾倒液体<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/A8DF9F313D9DADE53DE3E2880272FB98.png"><br>加热液体<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/B6E41145E011C25811CEA416668BDF36.png"><br>过滤<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/145db3523c5a41ab88fd4498710c9931/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/9c24ffee52dd4da189b3e9f0c75b8b41/97E46579A711E3C6D429B8FB63E7FFC9.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列物质的性质与用途具有对应关系的是( )<br>A.氦气的密度小,可用来制作探空气球<br>B.铁具有良好的导电性,可用于制造炊具<br>C.一氧化碳有可燃性,可用于工业冶炼金属<br>D.二氧化碳密度比空气大,可用于制碳酸饮料<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/9cbda8d7e91745ed80607f7b1c00d38b/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/224ee140b4754da89b2e5cefd03e45b1/A4D85AD9308F9D9E4FED99A203774EF3.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列说法正确的是( )<br>A.铁是地壳中含量最高的元素<br>B.合金是仅由几种金属熔合而成的物质<br>C.多数合金的熔点低于它的成分金属<br>D.金属铝因性质稳定而具有抗腐蚀性能<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/3efd91635d8c491eabec087851b2e0d6/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/69f76718d7684d5d88017f61db421189/2877AFD44BE5494F84586292748EC426.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列事实或做法的解释正确的是( )<br>A.氧化汞能分解出氧气—氧化汞中含有氧气分子<br>B.铁质水龙头表面镀铬可防锈—改变了金属的内部结构<br>C.众人拾柴火焰高—可燃物越多,着火点越低,越易燃烧<br>D.氧气能被液化贮存于钢瓶—分子间有间隔且间隔能改变<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/4adf059ed82b43668e8162c094db9af7/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/f2581f739440499a952d04fdb81f6d07/32C19EE38A869CD72BACBFBD10A32615.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列鉴别物质的方法中,不能达到实验目的是( )<br>A.用燃着的木条鉴别氮气和二氧化碳<br>B.用灼烧的方法鉴别木炭粉和氧化铜粉未<br>C.用观察颜色的方法鉴别铁粉和氧化铁粉末<br>D.用水鉴别<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/22E31F776370366F790221CF4E7FC96B.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/571745824385325B9CFE8434F9FC8475.png"><br>两种固体<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/b0dd279f29fe425285c93a1aa590c261/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/66340acacf404ce7a0ba06728e3472b0/428FE89C741B9F03487B058451A9A360.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>碳酸乙烯酯(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/0C7F68141873AE0625967D1835C7E3D3.png"><br>)可用作锂电池电解液,下列有关碳酸乙烯酯的说法正确的是( )<br>A.碳酸乙烯酯的相对分子质量为88g<br>B.碳酸乙烯酯中C、H、O三种元素的质量比为12:1:16<br>C.碳酸乙烯酯是由3个碳原子、4个氢原子、3个氧原子构成的<br>D.碳酸乙烯酯中碳元素的质量分数为40.9%<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/2ba1c30fe7b241c49194c65274059da5/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/d994e7606f274cf5999d689c4255ef4a/31A755CD2820133E77BE8981F10BA79D.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列关于实验操作先后顺序的叙述正确的是( )<br>A.用托盘天平称取一定质量药品时,先加药品,后加砝码和调节游码<br>B.实验室制取少量气体时,先装药品,后检查装置的气密性<br>C.给试管中的药品加热时,先预热试管,后集中加热<br>D.实验中洗涤刚加热过的试管时,先洗涤,后冷却<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/23f0f3a8bfbd44488fda4187411742ae/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/0fe1c8e8738644da8e4bd6e10086bbb7/58119ADCA182B822994CA0C5362CF8DE.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>除去下列各组物质中少量的杂质,所用试剂或方法正确的是( )<br><tbody><br>选项<br>物质<br>杂质<br>除杂所用试剂或方法<br>A<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>CO<br>足量<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/43916A0CBDACF639905BC5CD89370C97.png"><br>,点燃<br>B<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/D350503FAEB172B50F09D85EB5C5B0A3.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/43916A0CBDACF639905BC5CD89370C97.png"><br>通过灼热的铜网<br>C<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/C593AB7E8C703062DFA5ED884F267FE4.png"><br>KCl<br>加水溶解、过滤、蒸发结晶<br>D<br>Cu<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/4291691F67BE513204B38B2B82064543.png"><br>通入足量CO,高温<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/e31a113b726e420b916519048e961dc5/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/2bb85507cfab44aeb2fa12dda028c313/ACEE3EBFF0B90159E1B22B7746892506.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列物质的转化在给定条件下均能实现的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/8330FF619CDBE8F129515FAD11C4D09A.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/9800ADE2B570FA10D0E5408181943E28.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/B1DCB4D3A7824562F7D99AC182466BD5.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/CBBDCFC8DCDC1F0DBF65CC9BA692401D.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/5df8b8352c844cccaedff2e53cee8976/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/05da2332e36d41949dad189dd4adba75/993C65FA63E4D3BCF0785F6D7AF6FE37.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下表列出了不同温度下硝酸钾的溶解度。下列有关说法正确的是( )<br><tbody><br>温度/℃<br>0<br>20<br>40<br>60<br>80<br>100<br>溶解度/克<br>13.3<br>31.6<br>63.9<br>110<br>169<br>246<br></tbody><br>A.20℃时,100g水中溶解的硝酸钾越多溶解度就越大<br>B.40℃时,100g硝酸钾饱和溶液中含有硝酸钾63.9g<br>C.100℃的水能溶解的硝酸钾一定比80℃的水能溶解的硝酸钾多<br>D.20℃的硝酸钾饱和溶液一定比60℃的硝酸钾饱和溶液的溶质质量分数小<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/18450990de0440f0b58b06e08b5f180e/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/c8cd8001d3644da29a1a22a8797c9f76/FF8A7403F3866E83B496CA2BE1B1E664.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>一定条件下,在密闭容器中发生某反应,反应前后各物质的质量列于下表中。下列说法正确的是( )<br><tbody><br>物质<br>O2<br>H2O<br>CO2<br>W<br>反应前质量(g)<br>36<br>4<br>2<br>8<br>反应后质量(g)<br>4<br>22<br>x<br>0<br></tbody><br>A.x的值为22<br>B.该反应为置换反应<br>C.W由碳、氢、氧三种元素组成<br>D.W中碳元素的质量分数为75%<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/68700157740f412eb568d95edcfb6119/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/e531e89b145a484f9187276707ce4daf/61702F8F194A3F5F3C91B04B25ED123C.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：较易<br>化学与人类生活、生产息息相关。请回答下列问题。<br>1.把铜加工成铜丝,是利用了铜的性。<br>2.炒菜时,锅内油着火常用锅盖盖灭,其灭火原理是。<br>3.用洗洁精洗去碗筷上的油污,是由于洗洁精对油污有作用。<br>4.长期饮用硬水对人体健康不利。生活中降低水的硬度常用的方法是。<br>5.绿色植物通过光合作用,将水和转化为人类及其他生物所需要的食物和充足的氧气。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/7abb6106a52a45579593239ccab7ab81/630E8169FDB36C0C2FE045D9CA3BB515.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/4a203377e69a4f989c4a159800d455b0/E04A25186C78221A7CD2B176B98BCF06.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：较易<br>根据下列反应事实写出相应的化学方程式。<br>1.碳酸氢铵受热分解:_____________。2.金属铝与稀硫酸反应:____________。3.澄清石灰水中通入二氧化碳后变浑浊:___________。4.硫酸铜溶液与氢氧化钠溶液反应生成氢氧化铜沉淀:___________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/c6674622cd904f889bf82dea538ec4cc/8ABFA4560597F790AE55EFE67C873EEF.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/b6b3675ea95244929bb1440a8ad7681d/FA0EC9A8CA8DEA1207D1AA6408900163.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>实验室用下列仪器装置制取氧气和氢气。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/94DC0972439DAE7D149557B935B93AC9.png"><br>1.写出仪器甲的名称:。<br>2.用高锰酸钾制取氧气,应选用的发生装置是(填字母)。为了防止高锰酸钾粉末进入导管,应采取的措施是。<br>3. 用双氧水和二氧化锰也能制取氧气,反应的化学方程式为__________,应选用的发生装置是__________(填字母)。4.若用装置D收集氧气,当导管口气泡时才能将导管伸入集气瓶中。收集氧气选用装置D的理由是。<br>5. 装置B或C都可以作为制取氢气的发生装置,装置C相对于装置B的优点是。制取氢气常用的药品是。<br>6.若用装置E收集氢气,气体应从端通入(选填“a”或“b”)<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/3872abc633204b7597623091793820a2/C8E7BBFF01ACC6BCD84E2A4F253F98A9.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/f6e3942537464700a852fa9f22c6d75a/2C266A69F64A68D2D8A9478984438D58.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>如图是实验室配制一定溶质质量分数的氯化钠溶液的流程图。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/66D0595C33A926695F5AE43BE52B2345.png"><br>请回答下列问题<br>:<br>1.应称取g氯化钠固体,需加水mL。<br>2.若称量氯化钠固体时指针向右偏转,则应直到天平平衡。<br>3.实验中,为了加快氯化钠固体的溶解,常采用的方法有、。<br>4.下列操作中,可能导致配制氯化钠溶液的溶质质量分数偏小的是(填字母)。 a.氯化钠中含有杂质 · b.量取水时俯视读数 c.用已有少量水的烧杯溶解氯化钠 d.装瓶时,有少量溶液溅出5.取上述溶液20g,需加g水稀释,可得到5%的氯化钠溶液。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/a93546fa4a014b5d8cf558f8d7688382/D4E9EC474E644DE5E0B79ED162184F2D.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/ef898e787a414176b4bfd9b0461bebec/5CBAA136A3B093ED7F2ED63B77CAC4C8.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>某学习<br>小组对二氧化碳展开了一系列的探究。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/68085C1424071E85B4527F7DCEEC90E5.png"><br>说明<br>:<br>装置<br>B<br>中的饱和碳酸氢钠溶液可吸收<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>中混有的<br>HCl<br>气体,装置<br>C<br>中的<br>NaOH<br>溶液能很好地吸收<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>I.<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>的制备。<br>II.<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>的收集。<br>用以下三种方法收集二氧化碳,并用装置<br>C<br>测定集气瓶内气压。每种方法均做三次实验,取平均值,实验数据记录在下表中。<br>方法<br>、当装置<br>B<br>开始产生气泡<br>15s<br>后,用排水法收集气体,记录集满二氧化碳气体所用的时间为<br>t<br>方法<br>、当装置<br>B<br>开始产生气泡<br>15s<br>后,用向上排空气法收集,收集时间采用方法一所用的平均时间<br>t<br>方法<br>、当装置<br>B<br>开始产生气泡<br>15s<br>后,用向上排空气法收集,同时用燃着的木条放在集气瓶口,待木条熄灭,立即盖上玻璃片。<br><tbody><br>方法<br>方法<br>方法<br>瓶内初始气压(<br>kPa<br>)<br>104.2<br>104.2<br>104.2<br>三次实验最终气压平均值(<br>kPa<br>)<br>9.3<br>31.8<br>39.7<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>纯度<br>91.1%<br>69.5%<br>X<br></tbody><br> 1.写出图中标号仪器的名称:①。<br>2.写出实验室用石灰石与稀盐酸反应制取二氧化碳的化学方程式:_____ 。3.检查装置A的气密性的一种方法是:向分液漏斗中加适量水,用止水夹夹紧右侧的橡胶管,打开分液漏斗活塞,若观察到,则装置不漏气。<br>4.三种方法均在15s后开始收集的原因是。<br>5.己知:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/FF270F638C106D88DFC38B0D9188381B.png"><br>,则方法3所收集<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>的纯度为。通过对比,欲收集更高纯度的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>,应采用_法收集。<br>6.Ⅲ.二氧化碳转化新进展在光催化条件下,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>和H2反应生成甲烷(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/5AE69F147234DF32EF5E64E5C6878C8F.png"><br>)和水,反应的化学方程式为_______。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/536abce985754eabad8b818f7a2fb760/BE6F88E944920EA3473FEBA2D3899A52.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/8b5de75bd3864c8492c119bc70d7e4e5/48808EC904B4CB9892C5B2EF35770561.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>某化学兴趣小组的同学探究过量的炭粉与<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/4291691F67BE513204B38B2B82064543.png"><br>在高温条件下反应的气体产物成分。探究过程如下<br>:<br>(提出假设)气体产物是<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>(查阅资料)<br>①<br>氮气不能与炭粉及<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/4291691F67BE513204B38B2B82064543.png"><br>反应。<br>②<br>高温下可以发生下列反应<br>:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/22F313AD6C7633C02F034D80B97B7921.png"><br>(设计方案)将一定量<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/4291691F67BE513204B38B2B82064543.png"><br>在隔绝空气的环境下与过量炭粉充分反应,用实验中测得的有关物质的质量,进行分析、判断。<br>(进行实验)用如图所示装置进行实验。首先称得玻璃管<br>C<br>的质量为<br>48.48g<br>,再称取<br>2.40g<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/4291691F67BE513204B38B2B82064543.png"><br>和<br>1.50g<br>炭粉,加到玻璃管<br>C<br>中。连接好装置,<br>通一段<br>时间氮气,再夹紧弹簧夹<br>T<br>,点燃酒精喷灯加热。待玻璃管<br>C<br>中固体质量不再变化时,称得玻璃管<br>C<br>与残留固体共<br>51.30g<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/DDD40F3CD094482A1F362F6033B2A731.png"><br>(问题分析)<br>1.用酒精喷灯而不用酒精灯的目的是_。<br>2.加热前先通一段时间氮气的目的是<br>3.尾气处理的方法是<br>4.若<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/4291691F67BE513204B38B2B82064543.png"><br>与炭粉反应的气体产物全部是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>.求2.40g<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/7/4291691F67BE513204B38B2B82064543.png"><br>完全反应时生成CO2的质量。(写出计算过程)<br>5.根据实验数据计算,实验中实际获得气体质量为<br>6.结论:原假设(填“能”或“不能”)成立,理由是<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/f674d3643f4d4dd2851725d91d559303/A7D264F17DC5387863CE0D881B4E7FD6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/70b9f1fe92d242aaa3f9423659e832de/68831AD98838B3E0C79EC5C6002728E4.png"><br><br>
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