江苏省宿迁市沭阳县2020届九年级上学期期末考试化学试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>市场上有“加碘食盐”、“高钙牛奶”、“含氟牙膏”等商品,这里的“碘、钙、氟”指的是( )<br>A.单质 B.元素 C.离子 D.原子<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/516e46b95b09481aad17716a3aa12f6c/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/66725475928f47d493b1e49035fb6e54/86F2378FD3E695A105A7538A3BB7FFD7.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>类推是学习中常用的思维方法,现有以下类推结果,其中正确的是( )<br>①碱的水溶液呈碱性,所以碱都能使无色酚酞试液变红色②氧化物中含有氧元素,所以含两种元素且其中一种是氧元素的物质一定是氧化物③酸碱发生中和反应生成盐和水,所以生成盐和水的反应一定是中和反应④因为烧碱具有吸水性,所以可以用烧碱干燥<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/31/72E318180F1C3D00E8D8DCFDB2D09C08.png"><br>A.只有④ B.②④ C.①③ D.①②③④<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/a29f87c663f44ac197db48f939b97cd9/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/c5be84fab8ca4a24a7fa31d3761f6368/A89E4B19D99BE5054C50792FBAF8BCD5.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>a克质量分数为b%的盐酸与c克质量分数为d%的氢氧化钾溶液恰好完全反应,如果将盐酸换成等质量等质量分数的稀硫酸与上述氢氧化钾溶液混合,则混合后溶液的pH( )<br>A.>7 B.<7 C.=7 D.无法确定<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/885606ea83da4d3a9a248f1964c2dfb3/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/d0c858d0c82542f892da282c0cd5284d/A69D379FB151BA8BBAF37DEC5E3CE605.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列关于物质的性质或变化叙述正确的是( )<br>A.活性炭净水﹣化学性质<br>B.盐酸能使石蕊试液变红﹣物理性质<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/31/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>溶于水﹣物理变化<br>D.煤的焦化﹣化学变化<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/a9d76a4468794927bbdfe4458f98f091/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/2ebbeba77c464764a4637982c08e1691/7B51160A0D1B5CAC01A80ED30CE71673.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列实验操作符合要求的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/31/71BC6230ED9AF802037FC93C039B1FCF.png"><br>验证氢气的可燃性<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/31/FDBB89273EC94AC0B61812F61069A8BD.png"><br>闻气体气味<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/31/5DDF99F8E91160FD82A6DC213BB99C45.png"><br>检验氧气<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/31/908C1FE9DEDFF814EA6EACD6D044519F.png"><br>稀释浓硫酸<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/8145ed3e461143b5baf453d4064fa5da/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/096fb44074c54fb98e19e638db1a1d07/0E1EA3EA591246ECD15984464B64794D.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>如图是a、b、c三种固体物质的溶解度曲线,下列分析正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/31/62E00B46280D0AA9BF498CABE612CD01.png"><br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/31/69DED204A784CD3FD9A31FA6D4A84B8D.png"><br>时a、c的饱和溶液中含溶质质量相等<br>B.分别将<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/31/81F31ED3DF59FD18AFB5343B72AA9EF1.png"><br>时a、b饱和溶液降温至<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/31/D8D4BFA1BBC7AABD782C4265B0A0D666.png"><br>,析出的固体质量关系是:a>b<br>C.若<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/31/D8D4BFA1BBC7AABD782C4265B0A0D666.png"><br>=10℃,则b为易溶物质<br>D.将<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/31/81F31ED3DF59FD18AFB5343B72AA9EF1.png"><br>质量分数为21%的a溶液降温至<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/31/D8D4BFA1BBC7AABD782C4265B0A0D666.png"><br>质量分数仍为21%<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/45d80d1770df4f778b63a9ccf5654152/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/331c6a047ff14e31899ba8ab6dbbcc6d/94AD7740C0EA4A5F05F53D27E11B8CE6.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>除去下列物质中混有的少量杂质(括号内为杂质),拟定的实验方案可行的是( )<br>A.木炭粉(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/31/C2C34E258C817EA060955A37A09CA14E.png"><br>)——在空气中灼烧<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/31/BF45A0427DE59E00361E360257DB793E.png"><br>溶液(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/31/5C2956DAF2B03FEC8193F357353674E7.png"><br>)——加入过量的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/31/2AF4B38ED3DA4A0676087C3FEA1A2926.png"><br>溶液<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/31/4ECACFEBCC37EE7073E5B2183EE0B735.png"><br>溶液(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/31/5020518739833AA0F61A620DBB447C84.png"><br>)——加入适量的澄清石灰水,过滤<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/31/3FD11E2AFC06B1D240106659D73AE871.png"><br>气体(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/31/5C2956DAF2B03FEC8193F357353674E7.png"><br>气体)——依次通过足量的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/31/22E31F776370366F790221CF4E7FC96B.png"><br>溶液和浓硫酸<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/7ff2e3a786eb4cb3930adaf6c78845a1/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/72ef938b61f94ac8a2c54c89cb88c480/15E9BDCF7AF98B89C489C56C0E924C17.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>已知:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/31/B2ED0E4B478659DFE5C6D8E055DA90DD.png"><br>,向饱和的氢氧化钠溶液中加入一定量的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/31/19A8A02382069135689B1E407A821EF3.png"><br>,充分反应后恢复到原来温度。下列说法中正确的是( )<br>A.溶液中溶质质量增多,溶液的质量减少<br>B.溶液中溶质质量增多,溶液的质量增加<br>C.溶液中水的质量减少,溶质质量分数不变<br>D.溶液中水的质量减少,溶质质量分数增大<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/12ea55211aed40bda1f656f940a9d556/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/0d66cde3ad2143b3836175407ef9e8ed/4DECB005114F3861FD5AF2B894CD3B54.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列各组变化中,每个转化在一定条件下均可一步实现的是（ ）<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/31/729386CCACF9196EAB50398785C30887.png"><br>A.①② B.①③ C.②③ D.①②③<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/0bad4a779bb74edcbd8c6d20925d4c6c/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/1c3162d866f64454bcdf3e57b50e8e4e/9F10691AFD3E8CCC80C814FAFBF24781.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>向烧杯中逐滴加入x溶液至过量(图甲),生成沉淀或气体的质量与加入x溶液的质量关系符合(图乙)的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/31/B1B3FCD65EEE48031AD2694B4CB27A71.png"><br><tbody><br>烧杯中的物质<br>x溶液<br>A<br>稀盐酸和硫酸钾溶液<br>烧碱溶液<br>B<br>稀硫酸和稀盐酸<br>氯化钡溶液<br>C<br>生锈的铁钉<br>稀硫酸<br>D<br>氯化钠和碳酸钠溶液<br>稀盐酸<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/aa9c5469909f47dca67cac5b88f73bc4/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/acebfa1465e94422b18693ba18209d3d/319E8848BDFF14AC62A44404E02B9088.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：较易<br>写出由氮、氢、氧三种元素组成酸、碱、盐的化学式各一个,并标出所写化学式中氮元素的化合价。<br>酸<br>_____<br>碱<br>_____<br>盐<br>_____<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/8adf3c50509e4361a8a89613fb770803/5D845E5CF9D308392476D1ADB14DAADF.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/3c40c6fc47364dbbb17284d37bee9bd3/A18CC7C2F025B3A498D407B4C8718883.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：较易<br>测定一份盐酸的酸碱度。请根据实验回答下列问题<br>1.测得该溶液的pH7(填“<”或“=”或“>”)。<br>2.下列pH试纸及其使用的方法中,正确的是_____(填序号)。<br>A.将pH试纸剪成几段使用<br>B.将pH试纸直接插入待测液中<br>C.将pH试纸放在表面皿上,用干净的玻璃棒蘸取待测液滴在pH试纸上<br>D.将pH试纸湿润后放在表面皿上,用干净的玻璃棒蘸取待测液滴在pH试纸上<br>E.读数时,在30秒内将pH试纸呈现的颜色与标准比色卡对照<br>F.pH试纸的本色为黄色<br>3.如果打开盐酸敞口放置一段时间后,再测pH,所得值将(“变大”、“变小”、“不变”)。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/fc38d03f0f8644e197c082799f90d621/CD02F28A7494FAD840744E8DE6A90B60.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/9006287cc58343f38124d25a5a7faed2/7F7454A477FE67FDE132E0DB753D2539.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>二氧化碳是人类生存不可缺少的物质,请回答:<br> 1.用碳酸钠溶液吸收<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>时,产物是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/743D3410664D37284FBC47CDC4BA58AB.png"><br>,该反应的化学方程式为_____;2.一定条件下,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>和H2反应生成<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/5AE69F147234DF32EF5E64E5C6878C8F.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/AA5DD1505F1D7A06A012CABC988FF45C.png"><br>,该反应的化学方程式为_____,反应前后氢元素的化合价_____(填“升高”、“降低”、“无法确定”);<strong></strong><br>3.实验室制取二氧化碳实验结束后,溶液中的溶质一定有_____(填化学式),还可能有_____(填名称),可以用_____来检验可能存在的物质(填序号①无色酚酞试液②<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/C09DD76B9792A4D62AC4145DC76E807C.png"><br>溶液③碳酸钙)<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/64bcc5e787b944e886da52be82e92bb3/5804ED9757F3E94276B230CA7ED2FDFA.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/0a261d4f35a94e318eb943bd786cc1f7/CBEC6E0CFD0A8DCB830AC9DB0C993376.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>食盐是一种重要的化工原料<br>请回答下列问题<br>1.请完善实验室除去粗盐中泥沙等难溶性杂质的实验步骤。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/3EE0B675B5CACE6E4612EA656D6DAB29.png"><br>①操作Ⅰ所用的玻璃仪器有:烧杯、玻璃棒和。②在蒸发过程中,待时,停止加热,利用余热将滤液蒸干。2.由于粗盐中含有少量<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/410694FB5B13F2A4E3A469530E1EBAF8.png"><br>、<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/CB7E7C4BEEFBEBF27159F2B985D9C3A2.png"><br>、<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/AF46297A9702CDB7F07F372B6B2255C7.png"><br>等杂质,不能满足化工生产的要求,因此必须将粗盐进行精制。流程如下图。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/94C29C3A252AD83560CFBF0B54F91E66.png"><br>加入稍过量的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/5020518739833AA0F61A620DBB447C84.png"><br>溶液除了能除去粗盐中的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/CB7E7C4BEEFBEBF27159F2B985D9C3A2.png"><br>外,它还有一个作用是(用化学方程式表示)_____,加入的三种溶液中,_____两种溶液可以用_____一种溶液替代。3.若有溶质质量分数为10%的氯化钠不饱和溶液100kg,要将其变成20℃时氯化钠的饱和溶液,以满足化工生产的需要,可采用的最简便方法是(已知:20℃时氯化钠的溶解度为36g)。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/2470167ae0e140e09bb21b80fa5aa5cd/7342A6C51B9487B8AC6AD475EC1CAE1A.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/f647aa5c162742c29fdc370479158459/890F4684BB06A9963C92502347C9709E.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>乙炔(<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/66E1CF6B4BE12C514061ED9599CA8F98.png"><br>)气体和氧气反应能产生高温火焰,工人师傅常用氧炔焰切割或焊接金属。乙炔由碳化钙(块状固体,化学式为<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/369FBC7FAAC9234EF42FEEA34A36788C.png"><br>)与水反应生成,同时生成一种白色固体<br>1.(提出问题)白色固体是什么物质?(做出猜想)小明经过思考认为有以下几种可能:猜想一:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/DDC7D8484A23AE0638F4E8449ED2D256.png"><br>;猜想二:___________________;猜想三:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/79439DE1DA1D931FB78C54E47331413B.png"><br>。他的依据是______________________________________________________________。(交流反思)经过同学们交流讨论,认为猜想一不成立。否定猜想一的理由是:________________________________________________________________________。2.(进行实验)(一)取少量白色固体放入试管中,滴加稀盐酸,没有观察到____________________,证明猜想二不成立。(二)取少量白色固体加入到水中,取上层清液,______________________________,有白色沉淀出现,证明猜想三成立。该反应的化学方程式为:________________________________________________________________________。结论:白色固体是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/79439DE1DA1D931FB78C54E47331413B.png"><br>。3.(拓展应用)已知碳化钙与水反应非常剧烈,乙炔的密度比空气略小。实验室欲制取并收集纯净的乙炔,要求做到节约、安全、随时发生、随时停止,你选择的装置是(选填图中装置序号)。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/F1C57CE730491288F1E9851E2A307BF1.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/5d1f05f2911940f3b2f07c0c3a430187/F02373225C6EE8BE35056942D8806DFE.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/2f43706bcd99409889ab02df8d7cf9ba/8853E6A1F3DA22F47D4C6165D2E7832A.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>某化学兴趣小组的同学欲测定一份铜和锌混合物中锌的质量分数(铜和稀硫酸<br>不<br>反应),进行了如下实验。称量一定量铜和锌混合物放入烧杯中再加入<br>100<br>克质量分数为<br>10%<br>的稀硫酸,在化学反应过程中对烧杯及其中的剩余物进行了五次称量,记录数据如下表:(假设匀速进行,烧杯质量<br>25g<br>)<br><tbody><br>反应时间(<br>m<br>)<br><br>烧杯和剩余物的质量(<br>g<br>)<br>134.97<br>m<br>134.91<br>134.90<br>134.90<br></tbody><br>请计算:<br>(<br>)表中<br>“m”<br>为<br>_____g;<br>(<br>)<br>该锌混合物<br>中锌的质量分数?<br>_____<br>(写过程)<br>1.表中“m”为g;<br>2.该锌混合物中锌的质量分数?(写过程)<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/3175227778c44566a941c516a04fa930/B44AF47FDB131F3F33DB3A96B1C85E05.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/195d2f1cb3da4cb9985795af6d2745ec/6D27C87AE6AD6EAEB677FC86DBD1DB32.png"><br><br>
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