广西桂林市灌阳县2021届中考一模化学试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列说法中,错误的是( )<br>A.“纯碱”不是碱 B.“干冰”不是冰<br>C.“水银”不是银 D.“醋酸”不是酸<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/9a3cd8c100a549689bde97fe8c4d23f4/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/7338ed0c093e4789a240d00725bc843f/C1A8CD1BF6620D3F8322F13B896786F4.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>植物油是日常生活中必需品,能为人体提供的主要营养素是( )<br>A.油脂 B.糖类 C.蛋白质 D.维生素<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/3380e9b43b5d4ed6ab1a3b71a357a0d2/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/8391e76815ac499a9ceab898afbf2cab/8F115BB5EB729B39D662CAF304077AD4.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>以下生活、学习经验,不能说明分子间有空隙的是( )<br>A.打气筒能将气体压缩<br>B.海绵能吸水<br>C.物体有热胀冷缩的现象<br>D.酒精和水混合后,总体积变小<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/560f401e763a4ff3931dafb594115a60/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/406c0243bf414eca89d4a75e338b712f/875DDB81AC9E8077644D4ACB2D31499A.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>日常生活中发生的下列变化属于化学变化的是( )<br>A.玻璃杯被摔碎 B.湿衣服晾干<br>C.乒乓球变瘪 D.菜刀生锈<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/05f0376a49464ec99b96a150e842ab4c/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/b41c7d38a58344dc945660aa61a8f8d0/D99F8E5C5EE075A6D73B295F0CAA4BD4.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>随着科学技术的进步,我们的生活水平大大提高,同时也产生了一些新的问题。试用所学化学知识判断,下列说法或做法中错误的是( )<br>A.幼儿及青少年处于生长发育阶段,需摄入多于成人的钙<br>B.使用可降解塑料代替传统塑料,有利于减轻“白色污染”<br>C.回收处理废旧电池既可节约金属资源又可减少环境污染<br>D.蛋白质、糖类、油脂、维生素是人体必须的营养素,应尽可能多吃<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/cda59b2591ed408a84d78e3668bef123/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/c3690bd8a95f4b78a8571955eb7d67c0/414B0CDB739D448583734C38D28800A9.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列几种气体可用下图所示装置干燥、收集的正确组合是( )<img<br>①H<sub>2</sub> ②O<sub>2</sub> ③CO<sub>2</sub> ④SO<sub>2 </sub>⑤CH<sub>4</sub> ⑥NH<sub>3</sub><br>A.①②③ B.②③⑤ C.③④⑥ D.①⑤⑥<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2014/8e717e60e86d4cb8b1528dc3ab1fd702/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2014/f2a084fe602543e4b2453b6c7a2d9bd8/CE84AC259F379E10D03ABF21BFD896BB.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列物质的用途,利用其化学性质的是( )<br>A.石墨作导体 B.金刚石用于裁玻璃<br>C.CO用于冶炼铁 D.液氨作制冷剂<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/acb246baad5c41eaa39537139b048a8f/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/cf223a72c9a041eca04783afa036aeab/3ABDF5016CC9924B8981DDA049F42696.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>如图所示的实验操作正确的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/27/8C21A201E495FF75524A4ED7DC8E793E.jpeg"><br> 点燃酒精灯<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/27/C5E15F5CAE6DAB9C58502967CB58E973.jpeg"><br> 称量10.05g固体<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/27/58F31BA4F805A21B4576ABF0305F54FE.jpeg"><br> 液体加热<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/27/F4B8E09ED4145F17EB42870916D12790.jpeg"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/cf6186011b0f4aadaeb3dcd4127cc110/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/4783cfc59659438fb5513b4627069b17/DCFF2108AEA7C6B5AC5A8CFA7B173A2A.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>将下列各组物质的溶液混合,能发生化学反应,但无明显现象的是( )<br>A.NaCl<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/53DCB02F2927495D25664D94F91F97E6.png"><br>NaOH<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/C09DD76B9792A4D62AC4145DC76E807C.png"><br>HCl<br>D.NaOH<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/5B8A0DA17C2201985CAAC04144C22122.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/cb5153f6607f4eca98f539095ad6c330/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/d9573828e1844a3690982d85250f2ee5/657FAA8649B469E70F98216E3DA404D5.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>研究报告指出:除去“普通水”里溶有的氮气和氧气后,水的去污能力将大大增强。下列理解不正确的是( )<br>A.“普通水”中含有氮分子<br>B.“普通水”中含有氧分子<br>C.除去氧气后的水就不再含有氧元素<br>D.氮气和氧气在水中有一定的溶解性<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/553c867f04f94c518236cc16470c0dc1/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/bad0add90f864b0aac9ed2d0ce358f6d/4E6175AE2DA8686B2F2D0F489E901BD8.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>科学家发现在液晶电视等制造过程中使用的三氟化氮(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/D297BDA841EF5D0FC0C70A67C7EF8606.png"><br>)的温室效应是二氧化氮的1.7万倍,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/D297BDA841EF5D0FC0C70A67C7EF8606.png"><br>中氟元素为-1价,则氮元素的化合价为( )<br>A.-3 B.0 C.+1 D.+3<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/81bb91dbe8b84d00b0fb6b7f44017180/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/6c6da0d6e6a14f1aab4f3a5b24daa646/CAC073869A56DB6E22954A1A7989228C.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>下列常见肥料中属于复合肥料的是( )<br>A.尿素<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/F9DDDA97CC9A388F54A9D6C8F5944AF4.png"><br>B.硝酸钾<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>C.磷酸二氢钙<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/425BA1BC5CB1DCBE34ED09173920FCEF.png"><br>D.硝酸铵<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/571745824385325B9CFE8434F9FC8475.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/cf422f5cd2324e5e839762b7773974c7/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/54859d4c4274498cacc4120f2b82831e/EB169105A4B6BCCA0733D6FC74C3948C.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>蒸馒头时,在发酵的面团里加入些纯碱,其作用是( )<br>A.使馒头变白<br>B.既除去生成的酸,又使馒头软而体积大<br>C.加快面团的发酵速度<br>D.产生二氧化碳使馒头质量变大<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/1f915b86d6134852bc1c98518735d1bd/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/a6110b669c274f649d0635a422003d8f/0171A98AF279AD73E789223D1CCDE3A4.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>工业上用氨气(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/72E318180F1C3D00E8D8DCFDB2D09C08.png"><br>)除去大气污染物中的二氧化氮,其原理用化学方程式表示为:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/776616AF43EA85D1E9B265773567EDC2.png"><br>,则X的化学式为( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/D350503FAEB172B50F09D85EB5C5B0A3.png"><br>B.NO<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/823845FDE6336DA2311E1E610856CC12.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/264B03C27A0A2EB86DBE29323F681D72.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/e7e544c6d889400a9c38f08fc0dd7fe3/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/cb65e61922714606a98efa1dd118fe84/EF68E83FD097F03D978C879CE389942E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>工业上用氨气(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/72E318180F1C3D00E8D8DCFDB2D09C08.png"><br>)除去大气污染物中的二氧化氮,其原理用化学方程式表示为:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/776616AF43EA85D1E9B265773567EDC2.png"><br>,则X的化学式为( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/D350503FAEB172B50F09D85EB5C5B0A3.png"><br>B.NO<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/823845FDE6336DA2311E1E610856CC12.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/264B03C27A0A2EB86DBE29323F681D72.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/c821276680a847a884325d5116dc4ba5/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/a54aea1780fa4db2928011c1d0822587/F3FED8565DC7BB5C82C65037DDD08704.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>实验室制取<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/3FD11E2AFC06B1D240106659D73AE871.png"><br>有以下步骤:①连接好装置;②向试管中小心放入几粒锌;③向试管中小心注入适量稀盐酸;④检查装置的气密性;⑤收集产生的气体;⑥检验氢气的纯度。以上操作按由先至后的顺序排列正确的是( )<br>A.①②③④⑤⑥ B.①④②③⑥⑤<br>C.①③②④⑥⑤ D.③①④②⑤⑥<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/c58c533573b4449490ce425d502989bc/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/d659b748c2df464e88ad2bc9154e11d9/15BF1D70CBE39D9A7E692B7B55265503.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列有关物质的区分方法不正确的是( )<br>A.品尝味道可以区分厨房中的蔗糖和食盐<br>B.用肥皂水可以区分硬水和蒸馏水<br>C.用水可以区分无水硫酸铜和氯化钠两种固体<br>D.观察颜色可以区分氧气和二氧化碳两种气体<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/ca9112faa8a240ab8d608c1d4f809af9/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/cf33acf41259498caab593af8920d151/3FAD9C8552D7E02B601B7511ED033062.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>用括号中的试剂除去下列物质中的杂质,所用试剂错误的是( )<br>A.除去CO中的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>(灼热的C)<br>B.除去<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>中的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/AA5DD1505F1D7A06A012CABC988FF45C.png"><br>蒸气(CaO)<br>C.除去NaOH溶液中的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/5020518739833AA0F61A620DBB447C84.png"><br>[<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/79439DE1DA1D931FB78C54E47331413B.png"><br>溶液]<br>D.除去Cu粉中的Fe粉(稀盐酸)<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/1c50e0b48d6c4d3bb95796a449e63ef2/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/a06fa50e96ef453bb5cb41d6ccebc291/14679E32DF0D06FAB8CF4987020F553A.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>下列材料分类错误的是( )<br>A.氮化硼陶瓷—有机高分子材料<br>B.储氢材料镧镍合金—金属合金材料<br>C.机动车轮胎—有机复合材料<br>D.普通玻璃—无机非金属材料<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/bac2351749cb4e7993eff71e7749632d/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/a328a71581c8430793039f0e28a1a52d/0EB4C8898AC88C3BFB31429EF6D58B8A.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>某物质在空气中完全燃烧时,生成质量比为11:9的二氧化碳和水,则该物质的化学式可能是( )<br>A.CO<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/3F07E94D7ECB10A9E43EEDDD27705AA4.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/66E1CF6B4BE12C514061ED9599CA8F98.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/5AE69F147234DF32EF5E64E5C6878C8F.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/6a9d18edcff84eae87c0b287dff7afd5/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/276d5765585c41039a322782b306baa7/85C138534DE1C034F4926F6F4752EDA4.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：容易<br>请用化学符号回答:<br>1.两个氢原子______;<br>2.干冰______;3.锌离子______;4.硝酸铁______;5.乙醇______。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/2b7d72fa55c34cecac460c4ad73e3b19/5A2E1CD6AD4EB4CD90F9E02B0C29D67E.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/14081c243d1b46a2acf0c7a030f3b4ac/3299D2D9D23068B47DB977CD4FA1BB5B.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>化学知识在生产生活中有广泛的应用<br>(<br>)时下兴起的环保炭雕工艺品,是以活性炭为原料,采用传统手工雕刻而成,炭雕工艺品既能装饰居室,又对甲醛等有害气体具有很强的<br>______<br>作用,能有效地净化室内空气。<br>(<br>)通常所说的煤气中毒是指<br>______<br>(填化学式)引起的中毒。<br>(<br>)长期使用的热水瓶内胆常有一层水垢(主要成分是碳酸钙),可以用稀盐酸除去,反应的化学方程式为<br>______<br>(<br>)在医用的过氧化氢溶液中加入少量的<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/4291691F67BE513204B38B2B82064543.png"><br>后,能产生大量的氧气,且反应前后<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/4291691F67BE513204B38B2B82064543.png"><br>的质量和化学性质都没有改变,则反应中<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/4291691F67BE513204B38B2B82064543.png"><br>的作用是<br>______<br>,该反应的化学方程式为<br>______<br>(<br>)为保证安全,凡是可燃性气体,点燃前都要检验气体的<br>______<br>(<br>)不经常使用的锁,可向锁眼中加入少量铅笔芯粉末,以容易开启,这是因为<br>______<br>(<br>)黑火药是我国四大发明之一,黑火药的爆炸可用以下化学方程式表示<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/5D97AC904416258C9731DA22D73109A6.png"><br>,如果你配制火药,那么<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>、<br>C<br>、<br>S<br>这三种原料的质量比是<br>______<br>时,才能使火药燃烧最充分。<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/87fddf83078f411299134ab5f1a4fd93/B0E0F58930895F96E9BE08F3896ED060.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/c58fa202c45f4648bac85b36731ad34e/7A6D904E2D327CE3DAE1F0CE1C05148F.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>如图为<br>A<br>、<br>B<br>、<br>C<br>三种物质的溶解度曲线,由图可看出:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/427CCEA52DF9D183D7DF55E6BEDB7118.png"><br>1.升高温度,______物质的不饱和的溶液可能会变得饱和;<br>2.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/C93BDB7CCD9DBDFA06B2BEF3C76CADF0.png"><br>时,A、B、C三种物质的溶解度从高到低依次是______;<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/BC4F49D5F09299F017010722CC026BDD.png"><br>时,A物质的饱和溶液中溶质、溶剂与溶液的质量比为______;3.要将A从它的饱和溶液中析出,可以采取______的方法,而要将B从它的饱和溶液中大量析出,只能采取______的方法。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/6603db1db32146f2a1cc8592f018149a/6E251D2583CAD71A0E58321D907F6521.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/ac11861dc9484b069d95c042addbd446/056B4FEDACED01FA1BB7268F8387B6BA.png"><br><br>※题型：计算题※知识点：计算题※试题难度：较易<br>维生素<br>A<br>(<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/EB5F3D1315CACB6F899A56BD1599DB5B.png"><br>)能维持人体正常的视觉反应。回答下列问题:<br>1.维生素A是由______种元素组成。<br>2.维生素A中C、H、O元素的质量比为______。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/6ba0326d81eb40e88dd2fcff4e57361b/689E327251F4AAE6D33D0B82ECDE112D.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/aaf3b3192fdc416a9dbdb3e5665299c6/881D413BD210F1F4EB5507140F9398B6.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>A<br>、<br>B<br>、<br>C<br>、<br>D<br>、<br>E<br>、<br>F<br>是初中化学涉及的化合物,转化关系如下图,其中<br>D<br>是最常见的溶剂。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/0197E6B82FD5792BF116C28C3BBBCBCE.png"><br>1.请写化学式:C是______,D是______,E是______,F是______;<br>2.反应①的方程式是______;反应④的基本反应类型是______。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/29dddb42761c46bc94b39a303bc5e1ac/37011431F2B6E6D62D99833DA67B993D.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/ec9d1068bd8c4e9eb2c47b2836183240/B2057F2080FCDE52DC40B074B2AB33B8.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>某活动<br>小组用废铜制取硫酸铜溶液,实验过程为:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/13BEA6BAF70AB23C0D5DF90A5686F056.png"><br>1.废铜在空气中加热后得到的氧化铜中含有少量铜,原因是______(填字母序号)。a.加热时氧化铜易分解生成铜b.铜与氧气没有完全反应c.加热时铜不能与氧气反应2.操作Ⅰ的名称是______,该操作用到的玻璃仪器有:玻璃棒、烧杯、______。3.盛放硫酸铜溶液不宜用铁制容器的原因是(用化学方程式解释)______。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/ce7877a323a14476aa4fadd72d8145bb/18064B18E647A04F02A7A673F033B24B.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/e1a83075720e453484ffa639fe0f5da1/2A1650AA74B630F0DEC9996674382AAF.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>某化学课外兴趣小组为探究<br>Na<br>与<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>的反应进行了如下实验(实验部分装置如图所示):向盛有<br>Na<br>的装置<br>A<br>中通入纯净、干燥的<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>,当观察到装置<br>B<br>中刚好出现浑浊时,点燃酒精灯,同时继续缓缓通入<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>Na<br>剧烈燃烧,产生白烟,燃烧结束后装置<br>A<br>中有黑色固体和白色固体生成。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/3DDBAC9FF70213CE6D2E7C24BD96019D.png"><br>(资料卡)(<br>)<br>K<br>、<br>Ca<br>、<br>Na<br>等活泼金属的氧化物均可与水反应生成对应的碱;<br>(<br>)钠为银白色金属,过氧化钠为淡黄色固体。<br>(提出问题)白色固体含有什么物质?<br>(猜想与假设)小李猜:白色固体含有<br>______<br>;小刚猜:白色固体含有<br>Na<br>O<br>;小芳猜:白色固体含有<br>NaOH<br>(实验验证)<br><tbody><br>实验操作步骤<br>实验现象<br>实验结论<br>(<br>)取少量白色固体放入足量水中<br>白色固体完全溶解<br>(<br>)取(<br>)中少量溶液,加入<br>______<br>产生大量气泡<br>小李的猜想成立<br>(<br>)取(<br>)中少量溶液,加入<br>______<br>______<br>小刚的猜想成立<br></tbody><br>小李和小刚一致认为小芳的猜想不成立,他们的理由是<br>______<br>(反思提高)<br>Na<br>在<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>中燃烧存在多个反应、生成多种物质。请你写出其中生成物仅为一种白色固体与一种黑色固体的反应的化学方程式:<br>______<br>(拓展应用)<br>K<br>、<br>Ca<br>、<br>Na<br>等活泼金属发生的火灾能否用二氧化碳灭火器灭火<br>______<br>(填<br>“<br>能<br>”<br>或<br>”<br>不能<br>”<br>),你的理由是<br>______<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/b7c058aecdee48a88dc7000dd1d08441/3695059F466F4FA51BE8B15879EA55C3.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/f3f98d336dff41f4b87bb1e1b6892136/42CBAD2240D7AE99A40BB1889B34C760.png"><br><br>※题型：计算题※知识点：计算题※试题难度：中等<br>将一定质量的<br>NaCl<br>和<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/AF46297A9702CDB7F07F372B6B2255C7.png"><br>固体混合物完全溶于水后,加入一定质量分数的<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/12F5C4AC564AD3765E56094E20CC81FF.png"><br>溶液<br>208g<br>,恰好完全反应,过滤,得到<br>23.3g<br>沉淀,经测定滤液中含氯元素的质量为<br>21.3g(<br>不考虑过滤过程中物质质量的损失<br>)<br>。计算:<br>1.所加<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/12F5C4AC564AD3765E56094E20CC81FF.png"><br>溶液的溶质质量分数_______。<br>2.原固体混合物中<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/16/AF46297A9702CDB7F07F372B6B2255C7.png"><br>的质量________。3.原固体混合物中NaCl的质量__________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/31c615224087476ab8e7cf86ebd7253f/B85E14A51AE0EAA6E30F6FA8FB82D094.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/1aa9bb2a547d4f65a1f70283ec32961c/8CCB62DD7E76682E6E6727BF2D8D2C43.png"><br><br>
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