安徽省2021届初中学业水平考试模拟卷(一)化学试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列关于空气的说法中,正确的是( )<br>A.工业上可采用分离液态空气法获得氧气<br>B.二氧化碳是一种空气污染物<br>C.稀有气体一定不能和其它物质发生化学反应<br>D.空气质量级别越高,空气质量越好<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/5161a7220f7d48598e9d3ea9b4992bfa/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/aa71979a48984e9e9ce116fa0c3ef761/70C6746653B9D79449C37E72D73A917E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列有关燃烧与灭火的说法正确的是( )<br>A.降低可燃物的着火点能达到灭火的目的<br>B.煤加工成粉末状,可使煤燃烧得更充分<br>C.炒菜时油锅着火应立即用水浇灭<br>D.可燃物与氧气接触就可以发生燃烧<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/5b0419b87f1b47988bae64ba0ab3d2ad/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/a524181c4f2c4c58bb778c802f0b9906/955F1AD9CBD3B8BD17A59EF550DF1C33.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>实验室制取二氧化碳的部分操作如下图,其中错误的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/24/D5119B431EBE4F414907EBF7652DB5BB.png"><br>查漏<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/24/3A26C0245989A24265F2299DD0EC0804.png"><br>装满<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/24/16C4AD0D72FB4B171501DF12EA125D25.png"><br>收集<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/24/B2C5B5C5B08BC32A2D2EDD1DB10067C9.png"><br>验满<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/074aa5d73cd9491bb1cefa5536f1684e/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/3ebdc4157a1842c9b64253a16a98a35d/1DC227E57F21BC15601FE1A638DF51DA.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>科学家发现:利用催化剂可有效消除严重危害人体健康的甲醛(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/22/0633A8069746AD90F5AC6F8F051725FE.png"><br>),反应原理的微观示意图如下图所示,据图分析得到的下列结论不正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/22/C22B52E321FF23901BDFDB1801D2CE17.png"><br>A.反应生成两种氧化物<br>B.分子在化学变化中可再分<br>C.反应前后分子数目发生改变<br>D.参加反应的甲与乙的质量比为15:16<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/668f7727f0634ddc88907e0b599ccd16/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/9eb1785418874efe9eea388e9dfef54e/89EFD2431FBA595C0BA03C444C483095.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>某物质能使紫色石蕊溶液变为蓝色,关于该物质的下列说法中正确的是( )<br>A.该物质可能是氢氧化铜<br>B.该物质一定是纯碱的水溶液<br>C.可以将pH试纸放入该物质的稀溶液中测其pH<br>D.向该物质的水溶液中滴加稀盐酸,溶液的pH一定变小<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/8d43eb42b72448c68242309e9dbc8fe3/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/b86d3fc2e0714a1cb6d4cc93d3ef21be/D43DB5CD01C40BE11B6849CFD8B69AD1.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>某混合溶液中大量存在四种离子,其个数比为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/15/35BBE63C07E058F1C8DD5BFA4995C209.png"><br>,则M为( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/15/712022C500C3C3D5F73D720716094CCF.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/15/FC615A5F24EA9FF2D289A2E9BABD7024.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/15/D07E7E769F3D0DCE3186996409AA9998.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/15/B6AC14C2813DD8E3F2FBF26F1232C558.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2019/3ea9518277b343e79a9b6466527c8c73/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2019/1a3f9cd4fea64a04b4a1217cc21644de/B3242678AD4E0BDD616C0FDD37A1FE08.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：容易<br>新型冠状病毒蔓延期间,为做好自我保护,我们要减少外出,避免与表现出有呼吸道疾病症状(如咳嗽、打喷嚏等)的人密切接触,外出最重要的防护措施是佩戴符合要求的口罩。在生活中常见的口罩一般有棉布口罩、医用外科口罩、活性炭口罩和<br>N95<br>口罩。<br>1.佩戴口罩预防病毒的原理相当于化学实验中的操作。2.活性炭口罩能有效阻隔空气中的氨、苯、甲醛等有害气体,其功能比普通口罩强大,原因是活性炭具有性。3.生产N95口罩的主要原料是聚丙烯。它属于(填“金属材料”或“合成材料”),该物质易燃烧,所以工厂生产的N95口罩在保存时应注意。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/7d34af2fbf3b448fb2d1d22c3bfb42f9/DC61A5BB18218EADDF416C921E6ED3C2.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/b184be9f2baa4fa6a42245307b86dde8/2985B5E8FD18926AFA76081FA4232498.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>如图中<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/4/306B8D7ECE67ACF39B69215C860A4ADB.png"><br>均为常见物质<br>其中<br>B<br>、<br>E<br>为黑色固体<br>,D<br>、<br>F<br>为常见气体(反应物与生成物在图中均已完整给出)。试推断:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/4/C75388265483CE0018FC49943C5BD1B8.png"><br>1.B起的是______作用;<br>2.写出下列物质的化学式:A:______;E:______;3.写出下列反应的化学方程式:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/4/10AF8B07EBD024ADE2D0DC0D71E6B2A1.png"><br>:;<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/4/826A26F26FB4C97945B0D42D2A70FFFD.png"><br>。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/c5895527e7bc448c844a9be9f5853098/4E8E03675063D68017C134AB391E895A.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/1d319b9fbdf4452382330e6fe03950c2/47BB59FB8C6DA027BB489816422267DC.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>氧化镁在医药等后业应用泛。实验室以菱镁矿(主要成分为<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/4/3F30495D3823C08C764DD559232947A7.png"><br>,含少量<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/4/B8EF93E0C6A151B731666187AB1B56FC.png"><br>等)为原料制备高纯氧化镁的实验流程如下:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/4/6411B38A0D5D3DA8B13DDAAAD3B80246.png"><br>1.为了提高“酸浸”的效果,可采取的措施有:适当升高温度、______。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/4/3F30495D3823C08C764DD559232947A7.png"><br>与盐酸反应的化学方程式为______。<br>2.“氧化”过程中,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/4/95927DCE0608F0DFD4683D1A0C94FCDF.png"><br>转化为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/4/868381FB24A1235D78001A440BF00202.png"><br>,该反应属于基本反应类型中的______。3.“沉淀”时需严格控制NaOH溶液的用量,其目的是______。4.“滤液”中的溶质主要是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/4/410694FB5B13F2A4E3A469530E1EBAF8.png"><br>和______。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/56db99ab590846e986488016ef896d4c/11CE2C0945B5D2874653C54E93D0C89C.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/85660e30d1be48119b9944ccd695a84b/FEF2EEBADE36AD5C1CF9BFBB186034B2.png"><br><br>※题型：计算题※知识点：计算题※试题难度：较易<br>将<br>5%<br>的<br>NaOH<br>溶液逐滴加入到<br>10g<br>稀盐酸中,边加边搅拌,随着<br>NaOH<br>溶液的加入,溶液<br>pH<br>的变化如图所示。试回答:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/4/C249D12E117AC9C54B60C8070EC42BE4.png"><br>1.b点溶液中存在的溶质有_____(填化学式);<br>2.当恰好完全反应时,消耗NaOH溶液的质量为_____:3.a点所得溶液中溶质的质量分数_____(写出计算过程)。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/234610345a664279b1341f71adba2a26/0BDE525F735BFFAFE8C47DAC416D204C.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/2ba562a767d146c6a3a9c74c6934918f/A65453F17727B0F49AD5769E4DF2F5C0.png"><br><br>
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