河南省南阳市淅川县2020届九年级上学期期中考试化学试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>“绿水青山就是金山银山”,水是人类不可缺少的宝贵资源,人人都要树立节约用水的意识。下列标志与节约用水有关的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/6/29/E991E72056A09AF77BD39A8E430FCF22.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/6/29/EAD55BDDC764724A744D892B512E1E60.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/6/29/3B1B193F298599068B981451B5363311.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/6/29/4E320338EF0A694FA1839A60A6A370A4.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2019/0e9d91b88e154e1f9d747edf93c20acc/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2019/7b13299ae8c94c6288ac6654d5e47f78/C8F93DE64932D2505E04FB39A63303BB.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列既能表示一种元素,又能表示该元素的一个原子,还能表示由这种元素组成的单质是( )<br>A.Mg<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/3/BDF900345AF09A3015F45B2669FF3895.png"><br>C.2N<br>D.3He<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/46ff6dc31f6049c0840a6f1a3d928fd5/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/7fb5b83c7ad54f9f935df104593a6860/69C70824779DD9974D36340093F39281.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>下列物质由离子构成的是( )<br>A.铝 B.氯化钠 C.二氧化碳 D.氖气<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/0e74b9da33fd4f11a90dfa70c2a41094/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/11e98980e308425284a3852194a4447e/EAF97C0E4B3B6CC25C94DFFF3633FCE1.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列对有关事实的解释中错误的是( )<br>A.干冰升华——分子的体积变大<br>B.冰水共存物属于纯净物——冰和水都由水分子构成<br>C.氧化汞受热分解——在化学变化中分子可以分为原子<br>D.酒精挥发——酒精分子总是在不断地运动<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/5681d361957548c89ac8fff811b1bb42/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/f07058a295934dba98d9b37ae506b92e/1018E4CFA5C2DAAD4916973EF7247069.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>鉴别空气、氧气和二氧化碳三瓶气体,最常用的方法是( )<br>A.分别测定它们的密度<br>B.将燃着的木条分别伸入集气瓶中<br>C.观察颜色并闻它们的气味<br>D.将气体分别通入澄清石灰水中<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/6358f424509148f68935f2cbeb60d59c/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>“齐二药”假药事件是将“二甘醇”用于药品生产造成的。“二甘醇”在人体内可发生如下反应:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/3/2CA301ED045045EC02EF3A5DDCD57C47.png"><br>,而导致人中毒。X的化学式为( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/3/8E941A68EE6BBFD4C7F6E2D57523FE30.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/3/031D44ADCA9E12D228991B67F93D82BF.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/3/549F4F0684452CE9BBF7FCF694C25F8C.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/3/55AD2E47C1C8CA404D28988159D0B6D0.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/3ef6a76f03a2432aab371d478ebe6bfc/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/d7c8a8b9dba9471796eb6cc2ddcb82d3/E821667EB86E03FFF4CAC0AE955DEEBF.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>下列各组物质前者是混合物,后者是化合物的是( )<br>A.糖水、铁粉 B.冰水混合物、氯酸钾<br>C.氮气、澄清石灰水 D.矿泉水、高锰酸钾<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/c74858a447de46c8abf5b02809947285/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/3ce44ad018914c06928a9cedec94fbcf/5361CE71854116ABB086768B9A7C646E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>水是生命之源,下列关于水的说法不正确的是( )<br>A.电解水生成氢气和氧气,说明水是由氢气和氧气组成的<br>B.明矾净水是因溶于水生成的胶状物能吸附悬浮的杂质<br>C.不合理施用化肥和农药,不利于水资源的保护<br>D.用肥皂水区分硬水和软水<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/1f2c89d7cec745948740a75246c3a167/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/76af0135ce954899ad8f173ada4e73d2/697DE47892A417FF2FD4BEB6D82C3D0F.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>草莓、香蕉等水果具有芳香气味,是因为其中含有乙酸乙酯(化学式为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/3/DCC61AE658E150F6856B6769E88524EE.png"><br>)等物质.下列关丁乙酸乙酯的说法正确的是( )<br>A.该物质属于氧化物<br>B.该物质中碳、氢、氧的质量比为2:4:1<br>C.该物质的相对分子质量为88<br>D.其分子由碳原子、氢原子和氧分子构成<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/a697f5cdc51c4dc59470353234e3ca7b/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/59d8540af11b49e6a98bad48cf773704/82B10D88FE8EDB3145A6DAB1321E97CE.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>把一定质量的甲、乙、丙、丁四种物质放入一密闭容器中,在一定条件下反应一段时间后,测得反应后各物质的质量如下表。下列说法不正确的是( )<br><tbody><br>物质<br>甲<br>乙<br>丙<br>丁<br>反应前的质量/g<br>4.0<br>2.0<br>3.0<br>2.0<br>反应后的质量/g<br>1.2<br>x<br>2.4<br>5.4<br></tbody><br>A.<br>x<br>=2.0,乙可能是催化剂<br>B.甲和丙是反应物<br>C.参加反应的甲、丙质量比是1:2<br>D.丁一定是化合物<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2019/51dd0b691e52431fa5fdcdf29d3a7ac2/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2019/0039617c77fc46c7a3b4ebee492e19e8/8BE2177413CCB5B1597B2ED096EC199D.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：较易<br>(<br>)地壳中含量最高的金属元素是<br>_______________.<br>(<br>)食品包装袋中充氮气以防腐,利用了氮气的<br>____________<br>性质<br>(<br>填<br>“<br>物理<br>”<br>或<br>“<br>化学<br>”)<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/7a612f26e09547839340c5b359d37a12/507143E09CB8F781B0BA9E5A53400517.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/95e72bd32b954ef9889f3649ced53a0d/A1CA17F8C746071842516375D6E7DD50.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：较易<br>电影《流浪地球》开创了中国科幻电影的新里程。描写了太阳在因老化形成<br>“<br>氦闪<br>”<br>而将毁灭地球的情况下,人类是如何应对一系列生存危机的。<br>1.画出氦原子的结构示意图______。<br>2.当地球既将撞向木星时,木星表面的氢气与地球表面的大气混合,救援人员利用点燃混合气体时产生的巨大冲击力,将地球推离木星,写出此反应的化学方程式______。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/ba83ceb9a6574f269efa87c11294c738/1349DD32D8F7D8F5C4A44D29D9717924.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/a56d5b1ec5ee48d386007679b0bccd4b/B11253FC4B2728677A94101DEB14F00F.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：较易<br>镓是一种<br>奇妙的金属,硫化镓是制作二维超薄半导体的材料之一。如图<br>、如图<br>分别是硫元素和<br>镓元素<br>在周期表中的信息,如图<br>、如图<br>分别是硫原子和<br>镓原子<br>的原子结构示意图。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/3/E0C0A13C18F40F8F6A3D948C84AEE865.png"><br>1.如图中x的数值为_____.镓的相对原子质量是_____________<br>2.用化学符号和数字表示:4个镓原子___________2个硫离子______________<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/b3cf13fbb099478eb098f019a5d85ca2/98F660CA9DB02F2A9471D3DBD2A6731D.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/6d8a7bd1c068430898345c8069962a0a/FC72691F20EEC6F8ACA7FF260BD107DF.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>已知<br>A~G<br>都是初中化学常见的物质,通常状况下,<br>A<br>、<br>C<br>为无色液体<br>且组成<br>元素相同,<br>D<br>、<br>E<br>为气体,<br>F<br>为黑色固体单质,<br>G<br>为空气的成分。它们之间的转化关系如图所示。回答下列问题<br>:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/3/151F19BF70A21639782DEDF35D5BF0E7.png"><br>1.物质B在反应①中的作用是___________________<br>2.②的基本反应类型是__________________3.写出反应③的化学方程式_____________________<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/930424be6bd84f2689d11c48a116a2fa/E21AA98C792A6549AF3C117519F27F78.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/834d75859e4344c7bea21ea63c92e174/F792B27988BBB6CC4C2C82C0708F139E.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>在点燃条件下,<br>4.8g<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/3/CDE08DE09A11174D3A8CC4A13B43D038.png"><br>与<br>16.0g<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/3/CE3FB2E68B350B28E5B76D176FE3FE33.png"><br>恰好完全反应,生成<br>10.8g<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/3/EC3292BA20EA95699E445A75CBF39462.png"><br>4.4g<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/3/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>和物质<br>X<br>。则<br>X<br>的质量为<br>____________g<br>;生成物水和二氧化碳的化学计量数之比为<br>_____________<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/abd5702be9d94b278b5fc2c658bb3710/1BA1C3A4BE77D1A2EA5CF6102C64FB40.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/2a8f18063c554a4694ca499ab1002922/D5B3C2E778FF3CBEED01A351D4C16767.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：较易<br>请用化学方程式表示下列反应原理。<br>1.生成物是黑色固体的化合反应。___________<br>2.点燃物质,有刺激性气味的气体:___________3.灭火器中的干粉(主要成分是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/3/69006AE9978DAE1FF1136A3E55851AD2.png"><br>)受热分解生成碳酸钠(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/3/049D802E7350A56DC61AAD18655E5681.png"><br>)水和二氧化碳。___________<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/9ea86720b5864cc896da7fe353afae22/725FD36B8B70E2174423CF46CE6EF555.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/e1fd2a2967c44101984b3db7cb60792e/9D5BFD36E576A6E7D8C72357360F7950.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：较易<br>按如图装置对质量守恒定律进行实验探究,反应前天平平衡,反应后天平不平衡。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/3/D362AC7A4C2122A1820E537894C5D697.png"><br>1.试分析反应后天平不平衡的原因。__________2.为使反应后天平仍然平衡,你认为反应装置应满足什么条件?_____________<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/6ea6167ffcca46d2b7d3dfb8b7dfa131/4154477F2B82887A5B1BA2D03263E2E5.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/f9a24b08b9244abf9987ac31ea05b8d6/103BF25277574F3D637D709C4E1FC663.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>测定空气里氧气的含量,甲、乙、丙三个同学用如图所示的装置分别进行了实验探究。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/3/C7A44BB09155F6AEE7BF9546FC7AF23B.png"><br>1.甲同学:用足量的木炭代替红磷做测定空气中氧气含量的实验,结果实验失败了,请你帮助他分析失败的原因。___________2.乙同学:根据图示装置在做上述实验时,耗时较长,不利于课堂中进行演示。请写出改进方案。___________3.丙同学:打算用铁丝代替红磷来做测定空气中氧气含量的实验,但结果实验也失败了,请你说明理由。___________<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/3818d48f926648c89f25e5a87b21552d/D2D0E74ECC85B05D5BE59E8DD925ACB3.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/e6c27bb83fdf4054a472baa78487d70d/054AC0479CBE580B109C2E1CD7C5329B.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：较易<br>某同学将浑浊的湖水样品倒入烧杯中,先加入明矾粉末搅拌溶解,静置一会儿后,采用如图所示装置过滤,请问<br>:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/3/8A5E189083B0FFDC75DE0A29C2AA4F06.png"><br>1.此装置还缺少一种仪器。该仪器的名称是_______________2.过滤后发现滤液仍然浑浊,分析其可能的原因。___________<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/7de84eab3e9f47eb9420cdc3f076739f/BF027B8C20E4A410BAD5D5D9A5663D87.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/5ad6981649de4e54912240d1725aecdc/FB4D179EEFD90F67CF3D8FAD3443091F.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>请根据下列装置回答问题<br>:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/3/F8AAFCCB518D852E56FB1BF8B3F7CCDE.png"><br>1.写出标号仪器名称:a________________;b________________.<br>2.实验室用高锰酸钾制取并收集较纯净的氧气时,装置应选用______________(填字母),该发生装置不足之处是____________所发生反应的化学方程式为_________________氧气收集完毕后,测得其纯度明显偏低,原因可能是:____________________(填字母,可多选)。a.高锰酸钾中混入了二氧化锰b.收集前,集气瓶中未注满水c.收集后,集气瓶中仍有少量水d.加热前就将导管伸入集气瓶若用C装置收集,判断氧气已收集满的方法是__________________3.实验室用一定量的氯酸钾和二氧化锰的固体混合物装入试管中,加热制取氧气。待反应完全后,得到4.8g氧气。请计算原固体混合物中氯酸钾的质量________________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/de4d26ba3a8c4a2380768f123e845c1b/20C2F9FF8B6B9FCB63B30787D8B14FCF.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/219d5f5719c44fc8b6bbd291bbb07f5d/BAEB3FD742EC4302A49A6CBBF44B642C.png"><br><br>
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