陕西省咸阳市泾阳县2019-2020学年九年级上学期期末化学试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>第46个世界环境日,中国确立的主题是“绿水青山就是金山银山”。下列做法不正确的是( )<br>A.少开私家车,鼓励乘坐公共交通出行<br>B.工业废水处理达标后排放<br>C.回收利用废旧金属,变废为宝<br>D.大量砍伐森林,作为燃料代替化石燃料<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/2be07c8e0b5e41b78bfb31478fe348b9/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/48cc18edfb4e40be926ab0e9046bc510/7673CA82EFC378FF4357E2C32250710A.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>下列物质中属于纯净物的是( )<br>A.干冰 B.人呼出的气体<br>C.好喝的雪碧 D.清澈的湖水<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/25b9e755a134485ebf23c64669cbcf5c/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/0cf9df21e4b6477d900eb8182214cf7d/FF006DD4B59ADEDA895A53A260948E5E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下图所示的实验操作中,正确的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/2/6FB086B05BFAEBCB6C936203B0DEB6BB.png"><br>滴加液体<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/2/3E762BEC1F7EC129D5A854D1805BD4FE.png"><br>熄灭酒精灯<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/2/2FA1384F87AED0A3747BC4B31486BDAF.png"><br>取用固体药品<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/2/394D5DE23E330D261C7D386D93F3C81C.png"><br>氧气验满<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/0b2d6100b8a04aa8ac70a11f3938b503/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/0106584f20b4491daec6471153834604/3BE15CA0CFBFD92E5BD019DF6394C13F.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列成语或诗句中包含化学变化的是( )<br>A.抽丝剥茧 B.百步穿杨 C.铁杵磨成针 D.朱门酒肉臭<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/fc1074d4e42643a3aef3f62bb8c9ff7a/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/95c37d0e86e04121a678736d69180619/FE4967E2C0D1835FAA16AB19D03F5085.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列客观事实对应的微观解释不正确的是( )<br><tbody><br>选项<br>客观事实<br>微观解释<br>A<br>氢气和液氢都可做燃料<br>相同物质的分子,其化学性质相同<br>B<br>墙内开花墙外香<br>分子在不断地运动<br>C<br>金刚石、石墨物理性质存在明显差异<br>组成物质的元素不同<br>D<br>水受热变成水蒸气<br>水分子间的间隔变大<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/670c36dbe4864983a28f784510879282/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/b6650d9e1cd642c1a1223219d9012340/009EB02AAE12E49F2F727BB9D8B23FE7.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>如图是镁元素在元素周期表中的信息及三种粒子的结构示意图,下列说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/2/9B67BA20C5C7C079FC4C6AAD73D73816.png"><br>A.镁的相对原子质量为24.31g<br>B.①对应的元素属于金属元素<br>C.②在化学反应中容易失去电子<br>D.③的粒子符号为Mg<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/102e893209a7415ebae1dc99093920f0/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/27cc5c6826434f47908b7e71db2f3d42/A4276257BC95E7E89FB98AE36FC6A333.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>了解防灾减灾相关知识,有利于保护人们的生命、财产安全。下列说法不正确的是( )<br>A.严禁携带易燃、易爆物品乘坐火车<br>B.图书、档案资料失火,用干粉灭火器灭火<br>C.为扑灭森林火灾,可将大火蔓延路线前的树木砍掉,形成隔离带<br>D.火灾发生后应用湿毛巾捂住口鼻迅速逃离<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/1be7dc0641df48f685f1c1505db3ae98/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/ce631125f7324142a2fbafb7435e14f2/3B9C97E2B18BF02E43FCDAB6A8C4DFBE.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>豆浆被誉为“植物奶”,其中含有的异黄酮(化学式为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/2/21076AC437ECC638972858327A13F761.png"><br>)具有防癌功能。下列关于异黄酮的说法正确的是( )<br>A.异黄酮中氧元素的质量分数最小<br>B.异黄酮中碳、氧元素的质量比为15:2<br>C.异黄酮由15个碳原子、10个氢原子、2个氧原子构成<br>D.异黄酮由三种元素组成<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/aaee9f6586594868ac661665702a436a/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/d9f71732f40e4672aaf0455b7a22a587/DD8650C8FCA100D215FBE426856DB8A9.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>Cu、Zn分别放入其他三种金属X、Y、Z的化合物溶液中,反应后有无金属析出的情况如下表所示。则X、Y、Z金属活动性由强到弱的顺序为( )<br><tbody><br>X的化合物溶液<br>Y的化合物溶液<br>Z的化合物溶液<br>Cu<br>无<br>无<br>有<br>Zn<br>有<br>无<br>有<br></tbody><br>A.Y>X>Z B.X>Y>Z C.Z>X>Y D.Y>Z>X<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/85c9655ea7b049eabeda897b9808c8bf/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/fe68f278f5124867b6040cd3a383fb8f/91DC1B3193A7AE18E584340B058A5B41.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>取一定量打磨后的铝片于某容器中,再逐渐加入稀盐酸。加入稀盐酸的质量与有关量的变化关系图错误的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/548DE9F96F5A6E03E64A2E3DEC6D17B7.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/FBB239464799DBAF10C2CF6722134E8F.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/99CC1863F9FF716F147CD219EF0BE04A.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/8/B763FC553AA381E4397E82566258CAE7.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/0e98b651eaad441fa64db9e96cf40673/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/d2d38b21964f4d158da22b8becf119ad/117AE9373B57827B127D7F2D244C61C5.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>化学与生产、生活息息相关。请回答<br>:<br>1.医疗抢救、登山运动、潜水作业等都需要氧气,是因为氧气能_________。<br>2.铝合金是制造高铁、飞机的常用材料,铝合金的硬度比纯铝________(填“大”或“小”)。3.火药是中国古代四大发明之一。黑火药爆炸的反应为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/2/EEF13574608C98372F421B7EC0F53527.png"><br>,则X的化学式是________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/49604731f6684f85b45e086f4c932fc5/EAB2897B11814AEBB2D91C96FA45DCD0.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/acb47d4743bf415393120ac34550eb65/5A07DE080ED98E9A03C15AB2AA895CE5.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>水是生命之源<br>!<br>根据所学知识回答下列问题<br>:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/2/BE011F26C14E8E12E00D469351762E14.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/2/AB406E6725CF120130AAFFC7C907AFD2.png"><br>1.用图1所示装置进行电解水的实验,反应的化学方程式为_________。<br>2.饮用硬度过大的水不利于人体健康,在生活中可用__________区分硬水和软水。3.图2是自来水厂净化水的主要步骤。有关说法错误的是________(填字母)。A步骤①中可加入明矾作絮凝剂BX试剂可以是活性炭C步骤④的作用是消毒杀菌D步骤②的目的是除去可溶性杂质<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/6ed1a865ca954bedbce4b4e4454844e8/AE3A1660E76ED4755CAD2F1DF79B85B4.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/6389f127436f4b9e94c6d8c86eba989a/AB798E97AAD7A0B364CA173E03347B92.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：较易<br>甲烷燃烧时发生化学反应的微观示意图如下所示,其中,<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/2/44E1775F67D6D6D63126936D3B784EF6.png"><br>表示碳原子,<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/2/22D0DBD31AF19860781C80638226DAE4.png"><br>表示氧原子,<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/2/E225F658AC1E879A0A42F3BDB61EE45A.png"><br>表示氢原子。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/2/8450CE0ADB8715A2E288A4AC68EBCFCF.png"><br>1.A中物质的化学式为_________。<br>2.请在上图C中补画微观粒子示意图。______3.上述变化过程中,不能再分的粒子是________(填“原子”或“分子”)。4.反应前后有________种元素的化合价发生了改变。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/3431ec0923aa4ea894b1722cd76b9ac8/60484AA2A586F3958F7AD3A79CC44502.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/224648f027f9400580d19763cc967e80/9696B7C8D70739614DC3C16199AD9661.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>某化学兴趣小组的同学想从含有<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/2/762FA43FD9AD11F620E7C52A66A2AB61.png"><br>的废液中回收金属铜,设计流程如图<br>:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/2/B3E41DD73835EC9C39944FAA886D9E79.png"><br>1.Ⅰ中有关反应的化学方程式为__________。<br>2.溶液B中所含的溶质是__________(填化学式)。3.过程Ⅰ、Ⅱ中涉及反应的基本类型均为_________。4.Ⅱ中加入过量稀硫酸的目的是_________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/148e6aeb57774319bae7db0fddd8444a/C15E6D5A1165030E0B1D1D40EA61B6B5.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/382548d3a2cc413a9c8f8d49a078c825/99B6B36ECC6EBAB1BE34E83F073124E7.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>下列是初中化学中的一些常见实验。请回答<br>:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/2/5E09895EE952AAE0F908F64C2F454381.png"><br>1.甲实验进行一段时间后,在装置A和B中观察到的实验现象是________,右端导气管口酒精灯的作用是________。<br>2.乙实验中,将紫色石蕊浸泡过的小花一半烘干放入盛有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/2/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>的集气瓶中,观察到的现象是_________。3.下列关于丙实验的说法正确的是_______(填字母)。A燃烧匙中的红磷越多,水位上升越高B燃烧匙中的红磷可以换成木炭C选用红磷是因为反应可以消耗氧气,且生成固态的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/2/7A2C4E56C42DFC25BA00B33A110CF33C.png"><br>D本实验可以证明空气中含有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/2/D7354E03F5AB49F4F30E3A19633BDD1F.png"><br>和稀有气体<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/900fae1982d54f1db2823bb89202d484/CDBE63CC65AE8BF8AB2E55B8EB07642A.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/8200b0f9bc8846c1b2a3a0387c9ca3ca/DE340B9B659072C5BBD87CDD5F5F7D7C.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>化学是以实验为基础的学科<br>根据下列实验回答问题。<br><tbody><br>实验<br>一<br>实验二<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/2/BFC4F8F0572E4FFEF97788380519000F.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/6/2/6D3CBAA68808F061B2C2F792CCF74799.png"><br></tbody><br> 1.实验一:①实验室用高锰酸钾制取氧气应选用的装置是________,(填字母),发生反应的化学方程式为________。②装置C、D是收集到的两瓶氧气,若进行铁丝在氧气中燃烧的实验,应选用的一瓶是________(填字母);实验中可观察到铁丝剧烈燃烧,________。2.实验二:三天后,观察到序号为________的试管中铁钉明显生锈。对照实验①和③,可知铁锈蚀与______有关。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/0ab1ca413a0a478190ad1b016d396564/DA627A712AF49ED604A9E3008116AA9C.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/4ac200bb2b65462781e9b9110c1265c0/1E0E64FC84AEEE54E6C6E1C3C09B6CD5.png"><br><br>※题型：计算题※知识点：计算题※试题难度：中等<br>市售的某些银首饰是银、锌合金。小庆同学取该合金样品<br>20g<br>,加入<br>100g<br>稀硫酸恰好完全反应,产生气体质量与反应时间的关系如图所示,计算:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/17/C8E1580FC41B0657A5DDA6F3037603C4.png"><br>1.完全反应后生成氢气的质量为_____g。<br>2.该合金中锌的质量_____。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/9b6b3cfd2e494266a72df2e7918a9058/A7FD12C2C0780F0FA9472E930ADBF1AD.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/425bad71a7434e989d20f8853e2d7510/15C3FF04EF4C81D2CF31347E4AE51CED.png"><br><br>
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