广东省深圳市宝安区2021届中考模拟化学试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>中华传统文化博大精深,下列成语中蕴含化学变化的是( )<br>A.木已成舟 B.藕断丝连 C.火上浇油 D.刻舟求剑<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/816454ecfc824701a8c7f2972bb3e4a1/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/7ad42c3324ce460caa851ea17e30d6ba/437F5A4793FD29FE0FC8CF9C2FB4A017.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>正确理解和使用化学用语是学习化学的基础,下列表述正确的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/E4B50C6FC14385A2289F58BED4A6B92C.png"><br>表示3个铁离子<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/DF02515C7E2C351D9A16BF9933A94839.png"><br>表示60个碳原子<br>C.Fe、He都可表示单质的化学式<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/10947B950801E7A799E4F820B865DAB6.png"><br>表示硫酸钠中硫元素化合价为+6<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/b9a8e71d02144294a0d820b98f504216/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/233498d865bf468a82e6699ac6dbd4c8/AB44D02D35622C2CC057E8B12D3C36F3.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列图示中的错误实验操作与选项中对应的可能产生的后果不一致的是( )<br><tbody><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/32D113DE436BBF1B2592C4D3B40393AE.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/B62378D41BA4BDD264F42B86E36D2CF7.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/2A6F7E4D88414226CCDEA59CCF0DE25B.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/630E892E8B0AAB330C9E05CAAA0B2975.png"><br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/937FDA011D046B8F739CA0856671E520.png"><br>会进入导气管<br>B.有发生火灾的危险<br>C.药品被污染<br>D.无法检验装置气密性<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/bb937488f9c94434a4b3606d568f1b78/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/fdfdaea62d3e4ae4a3ede49ea4dd5983/CDF09948B6C850A94D531A835AFC5989.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>我国北斗三号全球卫星导航系统正式开通,北斗卫星天线金属丝的主要成分有高纯度钼,下图是钼元素在元素周期表中的信息及钼原子结构示意图,下列说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/046927BB23E96E79672B63C66B35705F.png"><br>A.钼原子的中子数为42<br>B.钼元素的相对原子质量是95.94g<br>C.钼原子核外电子排布图中x为18<br>D.钼原子在化学变化中易失去电子<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/adb504a1473e407dbba46f40c8c3a779/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/549b4f9ff0ca4628a28878f767182af3/C259C45C3EBE1334A98F00D69011BFAE.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>花椒碱是一种天然存在的生物碱,主要成分的化学式为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/171F315930A81379FC909231C6F50F22.png"><br>,在一定的浓度范围内对抑制新冠病毒有一定疗效。下列有关<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/171F315930A81379FC909231C6F50F22.png"><br>的说法正确的是( )<br>A.属于有机高分子化合物<br>B.一个分子由27个原子组成<br>C.燃烧产物只有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/EC3292BA20EA95699E445A75CBF39462.png"><br>D.碳元素与氧元素的质量比为13:4<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/c2b4b18b59674286bfc32ef7b74dab6e/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/39cb7b5d18c6482db3cbe31d7ff84c81/5FD8E3BAB882042CCA8EE9654B625C2B.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>乙烯<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/64CCEBBDA785E9B3A155AF3992091DCB.png"><br>是一种重要的工业原料,用途广泛,它的产量标志着一个国家的石油化工发展水平。乙烯完全燃烧的微观示意图如图所示,下列说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/5B149E11F7A55E66EAE20EC028A48567.png"><br>A.上述物质中有三种氧化物<br>B.参加反应的甲、乙两物质质量比为7:24<br>C.反应前后原子的种类没变但数目发生改变<br>D.反应前后氧元素的化合价没有发生改变<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/f2af46ea538c46fab34a3fd0ebe2ae5a/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>如图是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/27360568112FBB168AAFBA6F700F356A.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/D6ABB2428D0A114FFECCB9D56E06507E.png"><br>溶解度曲线。下列说法正确( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/437E1F2F9FA8DEE03454DC61E6BF6A72.png"><br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/97DE7627ECA82C404E1EFD3560FA9B7B.png"><br>时,三种物质的溶液中溶质质量分数最大的是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/0C7901C77903E8BAF76E821F809A46C4.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/32950889DA083F8FEB4B456B77CE675B.png"><br>时,100g<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/0C7901C77903E8BAF76E821F809A46C4.png"><br>饱和溶液中溶解了70g<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/0C7901C77903E8BAF76E821F809A46C4.png"><br>C.将<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/B1CA73346ED11D42656FE6206EC7350E.png"><br>时KCl和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/D6ABB2428D0A114FFECCB9D56E06507E.png"><br>的饱和溶液降温至<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/32950889DA083F8FEB4B456B77CE675B.png"><br>时,两溶液溶质质量分数相等<br>D.将<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/B1CA73346ED11D42656FE6206EC7350E.png"><br>时<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/D6ABB2428D0A114FFECCB9D56E06507E.png"><br>饱和溶液缓慢降温至<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/97DE7627ECA82C404E1EFD3560FA9B7B.png"><br>,无晶体析出<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/d650d986d10244f1a9a6bd0e3fc47b3b/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/3442af323a0949a08086fc62b2f9b8c5/4978ACE9DC1706DB51CE579449CAC561.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列物质的鉴别、除杂(括号内为杂质),所用方法正确的是( )<br><tbody><br>选项<br>实验目的<br>方法<br>A<br>鉴别:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/BDF900345AF09A3015F45B2669FF3895.png"><br>、CO<br>分别点然后观察火焰颜色<br>B<br>鉴别:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/56D2A73F2531F3EB6732E1B05B2AEE20.png"><br>溶液、HCl溶液、NaOH溶液<br>取样,分别滴加<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/049D802E7350A56DC61AAD18655E5681.png"><br>溶液<br>C<br>除杂:CuO(C)<br>隔绝空气加强热<br>D<br>除杂:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/1758C5CFA34C61EEFC5505F1D5DE4E69.png"><br>加入过量的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/C9D3C98A8F66E319CAA3420AB77C7052.png"><br>溶液,过滤<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/73509c9a999745f2ad807f6869d87ff8/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/4f4ec38f837649ea824175ca8a464005/D51D8A4F895D22F304078B7AF862ACD1.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>化学实验可以帮助我们了解物质的性质和化学原理,以下分析正确的是( )<br><tbody><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/B0AAD8E1E1987DB43960317616250D9E.png"><br>铁制品生锈条件<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/62BC1B8D551DFD209A39312A6E25034A.png"><br>检验氢气纯度<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/A7819EE4E08849C53270DCA42AA73D83.png"><br>称量NaCl固体<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/BF18718E4315887DB1303AE4A698160E.png"><br>测定空气中氧气含量<br>A.试管②中用煮沸的蒸馏水浸泡铁钉,为了除去溶于水的氧气<br>B.点燃<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/BDF900345AF09A3015F45B2669FF3895.png"><br>没有听到声音,表示气体很纯<br>C.砝码明显生锈,其它操作均正确,会使配制NaCl溶液浓度偏小<br>D.测定空气中氧气的含量小于1/5,因为木炭量不足<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/60e2b478933042709f63ed35305b206f/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/4028f417ed3f4a47b18a4ab2cf374584/FBF00440A6D21B651DE58C3D10A7B971.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>过氧化钠<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/20/CED7EECF8A498B05353F0347990C2468.png"><br>是一种淡黄色固体。在一次科技活动中,化学兴趣小组设计了如图<br>所示的实验,其中<br>A<br>、<br>C<br>是包有过氧化钠的棉花,<br>B<br>是未包过氧化钠的棉花。实验中观察到<br>A<br>、<br>C<br>棉花依次燃烧,<br>B<br>棉花未燃烧。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/20/7AD6B51592AD05A5EA5BF569D39990C5.png"><br>(<br>)图<br>中三处棉花包,<br>B<br>处起到的是对照实验的作用<br>(<br>)观察图<br>实验,可知可燃物燃烧应具备的条件是<br>_<br>________<br><strong>【提出问题】</strong><br>上述实验中是如何给棉花提供燃烧条件的?<br><strong>【查阅资料】</strong><br>①<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/20/901851115D0B00F7107284D29727A050.png"><br>与稀盐酸反应时,生成<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/20/830D7052EE63294CD48467C6E78C74BD.png"><br>和<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/20/43916A0CBDACF639905BC5CD89370C97.png"><br>②在常温下<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/20/901851115D0B00F7107284D29727A050.png"><br>与<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/20/7707A6DD053D274F7BBC35CC334938F8.png"><br>均能发生化学反应<br>③无水硫酸铜为白色固体,吸水后变为蓝色。<br><strong>【实验设计】</strong><br>经过讨论,小组同学设计了如图<br>所示的实验装置进行实验探究。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/20/E8FE8D87973E0778ACA7755AB69582CB.png"><br><strong><br>【<br>实验步骤<br>】</strong><br>①检查整套装置的气密性;<br>②把相关的试剂放入<br>对应的仪器内;<br>③用力推动针筒的活塞,把盐酸注入试管内;<br>④一段时间后,在<br>P<br>处放置一根带火星的木条,观察现象<br><strong>【实验现象】</strong><br>①无水硫酸铜<br>_<br>__________<br>(选填“没有”或“变成”)蓝色;②<br>E<br>中澄清的石灰水变浑浊;③<br>P<br>处带火星木条<br>_<br>__________<br><strong>【实验分析】</strong><br>图<br>中<br>B<br>装置装的饱和碳酸氢钠溶液的作用是<br>_<br>__________<br>C<br>装置的作用是<br>_<br>__________<br>。由于<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/20/901851115D0B00F7107284D29727A050.png"><br>与<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/20/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>反应放出热量,使烧杯<br>E<br>中石灰水温度升高,由于<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/20/899E87B27F1236109AC87103F2D31DB2.png"><br>溶解度随温度升高而减小,因此升温导致<br>E<br>装置中饱和石灰水析出固体<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/20/899E87B27F1236109AC87103F2D31DB2.png"><br>,产生浑浊<br><strong>【实验结论】</strong><br>①<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/20/901851115D0B00F7107284D29727A050.png"><br>和<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/20/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>反应产生氧气。<br>②<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/20/901851115D0B00F7107284D29727A050.png"><br>和<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/20/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>反应过程中伴随能量变化,使图<br>中的棉花温度达到其着火点。<br><strong>【拓展提高】</strong><br>①<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/20/901851115D0B00F7107284D29727A050.png"><br>和<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/20/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>反应除生成氧气外,还生成了一种固体,学生甲认为生成的固体是<br>NaOH<br>,学生乙认为是<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/20/5020518739833AA0F61A620DBB447C84.png"><br>,你认为<br>_<br>____________<br>同学的猜想是错误的,你判定的依据是<br>_<br>____________<br>②写出<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/20/901851115D0B00F7107284D29727A050.png"><br>和<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/20/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>反应的化学方程式:<br>_<br>____________<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/ce3ce03a05cf4ec4bb2fef714094e711/180CCD0A604BF9D63EB61B05A9B19D25.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/13ad0670181f47d6ad0b24c128eb14d7/AC919B9CD89489AA9BF9FBBBF4FF0443.png"><br><br>
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