内蒙古乌鲁木齐高新区（新市区）2021届中考一模化学试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>《礼记》记载中国秦代酿酒古法:“秫稻必齐…水泉必香,陶器必良,火齐必得”。上述步骤中发生化学变化的是( )<br>A.秫稻必齐——备好优质粮食<br>B.水泉必香——选择优良水质<br>C.陶器必良——挑选精良容器<br>D.火齐必得——适宜温度下发酵<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/3895b2dc92b14d5580524b5ed3efb6cb/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>为相对原子质量的测定作出卓越贡献的中国化学家是( )<br>A.张青莲 B.侯德榜 C.屠呦呦 D.卢嘉锡<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/b52e897b5c6d43b38d23b57da0206993/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/4f849a1e132241118bb68254f0272985/DF3A44B2F02060A593AE55B7363D52A1.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>为创“文明、卫生”城市,乌鲁木齐提出了“节能、环保”的口号,下列行为系响应本号召的是( )<br>A.燃放鞭炮 B.使用一次性餐具<br>C.乘坐公交车出行 D.开私家车<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/57d87b07214543adba589cade949e8c1/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/e48ea1b1c7dd4aa0bd04749872eb62ad/76B4D015FFB5C68FDAEA889A9B78C583.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>下列图标中,表示“禁止烟火”的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/CE986A7FBEF676928887F87E1CBA70F3.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/B579BDB2C9CD33212A3FC40E260B5A96.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/CAA952ED3BD5F509F449D805A975D647.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/EB7B8DDAC50539CFD0808B2C2B929D4F.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/41a595b99aec4295a58d69d92fc4b977/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/1cba2fe8faeb4b7e9f3b071bac933ef2/556B182C4E16316F7EB6C4249C436FE4.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列有关物质的俗称(或主要成分)、化学式完全对应正确的一组是( )<br>A.酒精﹣﹣<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/CDE08DE09A11174D3A8CC4A13B43D038.png"><br>B.大理石﹣﹣<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/C33BDE800D867632B103C25FB2DA0A2F.png"><br>C.消石灰﹣﹣<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/224169BA62A32752691D102E4DF05D97.png"><br>D.熟石灰﹣﹣CaO<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/2edcc1771cb0489ea1823dd8bd4aac35/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/60d2d6d9b99940d7a628ef3c76c546b7/2FCF12FD7A59D41514BE8B02E8F2CDC3.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列选项表述正确的是( )<br>A.镁离子的离子符号是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/7FB3C984D482E09C7C56491F47B4AEEE.png"><br>B.硫酸铁的化学式是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/2C69E08C3FBA7274E63D648701C4C33D.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/E947C2E36CD3B4692A2CC3A67A71F96C.png"><br>中的氧元素的化合价为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/DE89F2570A9C27994C17A176A676B242.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/EDB13CADACDD0611FCC469162027418E.png"><br>是造成酸雨的主要气体<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/119d2ffa76a84237a918fa0a7f33fa18/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/b77032a58da04b0ba6eb5e44de6658c1/E357DAE0AC39F36B29762BAD62257AD1.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>有关燃烧和灭火的说法中错误的是( )<br>A.油锅起火用锅盖盖灭,是因为隔绝了氧气<br>B.用水来灭火,是因为降低了可燃物的着火点<br>C.砍伐树木形成隔离带,是为了将物体和可燃物分离<br>D.木炭在氧气中燃烧比在空气中燃烧更剧烈,是因为二者氧气的浓度不同<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/73f555c8f07d4d868b8ace4d8c48e90b/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/63254a7e34134cdb95f203f39e58054d/9C0AE4705E92A3F201A3E235293A95DD.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列实验操作不能达成实验目的的是( )<br><tbody><br>选项<br>实验目的<br>实验操作<br>A<br>区分硬水和软水<br>加入等量的肥皂水<br>B<br>证明<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/CE3FB2E68B350B28E5B76D176FE3FE33.png"><br>具有助燃性<br>将带火星的木条伸入装满氧气的集气瓶中<br>C<br>比较Cu和Ag的金属活动性顺序<br>将Cu放入硝酸银溶液中<br>D<br>检验<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>是否集满<br>向集气瓶中加入澄清石灰水,振荡<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/b924b6ac18cd4b0995f19f2dea3ad33b/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/31977bb13dc040e39fc9dc7f7a24e35b/E2BA37828DC649B0CC3EAA1E8026793F.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>用“<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/4BC18FCDC50F3B8ECE0608A8C7AF79B1.png"><br>”和“<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/BD02475680EB024E547DCDA2AD5FEFB5.png"><br>”分别代表两种不同单质<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/18909AFE081FF69B3C4FE67C8BABED41.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/66F25E15108E99AE2700B603D6847D4B.png"><br>的分子,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/18909AFE081FF69B3C4FE67C8BABED41.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/66F25E15108E99AE2700B603D6847D4B.png"><br>在一定条件下发生化学反应生成新物质X,微观过程如图所示。下列说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/B736A22ED95EA12A488A0B7ED3CB7E57.png"><br>A.反应前后分子种类不发生改变<br>B.该反应为分解反应<br>C.参加反应的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/18909AFE081FF69B3C4FE67C8BABED41.png"><br>与<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/66F25E15108E99AE2700B603D6847D4B.png"><br>分子数之比为3:1<br>D.物质X含4种元素<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/f01c1c36ebe343859bdf64be67c7c986/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/e0f5ed4aef2c43f0a4b0dc678f367637/EFDD2B1B1F5ABF9E059272CA581B2320.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：较易<br>请将<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/F3D0C758B0A89114DF43C0A4A30743C9.png"><br>这<br>个化学符号填写在图中的对应的横线上:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/A0CF3CA0075317DFCDCABEEFC4245D46.png"><br>1.<br>2.<br>3.<br>4.<br>5.<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/56202fb5265d4759b08f8d6c6f290bed/51864A132CC7F20F7752358E67F888D0.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/7c8e617bb0b94969bdbcfe4b24f0bae7/BBCD8F5C8DBB384FECDAF88CE5333429.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>请用所学的化学知识回答问题:<br>1.目前,人们佩戴口罩预防病毒的原理相当于化学实验中的操作。(选填“过滤”或“蒸发”)<br>2.用“消毒泡腾片”对校园环境进行消毒时会闻到刺激性气味,其原因是;“消毒泡腾片”的有效成分是三氯异氰尿酸(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/5B640AE14042C7F9EE2E96C9FDDD7FAA.png"><br>),用消毒泡腾片消毒发生变化(选填“物理”或“化学”);它的相对分子质量是;其中碳元素和氮元素的原子个数比(化成最简)。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/7c29254ff46d4795877bee57c750bf93/BDA8A3FA703D8F87ACDE1C42EAC25069.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/82e5c260891d4d14aedf18f7e86ac7a7/194D6E6D3D21E8A4372C3A7CB55238B7.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>一种<br>自热煲仔<br>饭的部分材料如图。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/7F225DE3CB39B3AE738BDB48FD5B7579.png"><br>1.米中富含的营养素是。<br>2.发热包中的生石灰能与水反应放出大量的热,该反应的化学方程式为。3.锅是金属材料制成的,可以用来加热食物,这一用途是利用金属材料的。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/af96b7797e3a4677950cd66c1bda9435/B250ED4A34A070FF42BB158D4D26E452.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/ef529de98456468486b70dbe7616927a/0351D251488D36A7777C7F1D0608665E.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：较易<br>如图是钙元素在元素周期表中的信息,<br>A<br>、<br>B<br>、<br>C<br>分别是三种粒子的结构示意图。请你回答:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/D3AD88B18448E82CCA513E5EC5E84255.png"><br>1.钙元素的相对原子质量为,青少年缺钙会得病;<br>2.与B粒子中属于同种元素的粒子是(选填“A”或“C”);3.A粒子的化学性质与B、C中哪一种粒子的化学性质相似(填序号);4.A粒子属于元素(选填“金属”或“非金属”),易电子(选填“得”或“失”)。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/f8e97bd353f2437f9f53dbe2c815fbc1/6D5700937CE79E570E4B6A5DC487ABA6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/7ad91bd4ae2b4388ab691c8225fd640c/4425B9CE5B8B13D335A531569AAA0878.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>根据如图所示装置回答问题:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/97F2F595401C9842A93AFFE73517C5E9.png"><br>1.写出图中标号仪器的名称:①。<br>2.用一种紫黑色固体制取氧气的化学方程式为,选择的发生装置为(填字母)。3.用装置D收集氧气的原因是。4.实验室制取氢气反应的化学方程式为 ,选择随时可以控制开始和停止的发生装置(填字母),利用E装置收集氢气,气体应从端通入(选填“c”或“d”)。5.用装置F来收集二氧化碳,瓶中水面上覆盖一层植物油的目的是(用化学方程式)。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/fa85ef0db5c24bf9b1b4e5490df2dd18/A70496827B821C658CED1439ACEE3D73.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/4821193fcf494d1ab547790ca8dc5e8c/7243D2F5C2D3A1C34EB5244AD48305D6.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>某同学在家吃妈妈做的凉拌紫甘蓝时,惊奇的发现加醋后紫甘蓝会变成红色。他对此产生浓厚兴趣。<br>实验<br>一<br>:制作紫甘蓝汁液,分别加入下列液体中,观察其显示的颜色记录。<br><tbody><br>液体名称<br>白醋<br>蒸馏水<br>食盐溶液<br>肥皂水<br>碱液<br>紫甘蓝<br>汁显示<br>颜色<br>红色<br>蓝紫色<br>蓝紫色<br>蓝色<br>绿色<br></tbody><br>(<br>)紫甘蓝汁<br>(选填“能”或“不能”)做酸碱指示剂。<br>(提出问题)紫甘蓝汁液在均为碱性的肥皂水和碱液中,为何颜色不同?<br>(分析推理)用<br>pH<br>试纸测得上述肥皂水和碱液的<br>pH<br>值分别为<br>和<br>,推测上述肥皂水的碱性比碱液的碱性<br>(选填“强”或“弱”)。<br>实验二:他将紫甘蓝汁分别滴加到盛有下列五种溶液的试管中。紫甘蓝<br>汁显示<br>的颜色如下表:<br><tbody><br>物质<br>①<br>稀盐酸<br>②<br>氯化钠<br>③<br>碳酸氢钠<br>④<br>碳酸钠<br>⑤<br>饱和石灰水<br>颜色<br>红色<br>蓝紫色<br>蓝色<br>绿色<br>黄色<br></tbody><br>(<br>)该同学将实验<br>①<br>和实验<br>⑤<br>试管中反应后的溶液倒入同一烧杯,充分反应后,溶液呈黄色。实验<br>①<br>和实验<br>⑤<br>试管中反应的化学反应方程式<br>;<br>(查阅资料)<br>1.<br>紫甘蓝<br>汁显示<br>颜色所对应的<br>pH<br>值范围。<br><tbody><br>颜色<br>红色<br>蓝紫色<br>蓝色<br>绿色<br>黄色<br>pH<br><<br>=<br>﹣<br>﹣<br>﹣<br></tbody><br>2.<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/B24F7CDE6AD9E94EFD42E801F850ED99.png"><br>溶液呈中性。<br>(提出问题)反应后烧杯内的溶液中溶质的成分是什么?<br>(做出猜想)猜想<br>一<br>:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/27/B24F7CDE6AD9E94EFD42E801F850ED99.png"><br>;猜想二:<br>、<br>。(填化学式)<br><tbody><br>步骤<br>现象<br>结论<br>取少量反应后烧杯内的溶液于试管中,向其中通入<br>气体<br>猜想<br>二正确<br></tbody><br>(<br>)(废液处理)实验结束后,该同学将所有实验废液倒入同一废液缸内。充分反应后,过滤,测得反应后滤液的<br>pH<br>=<br>,老师告诉他滤液需处理后方可排放,请你简述处理废液的方法:<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/c5e26d447b6743c5b728c0cc8a519a41/2FA9220433CDF9F62FCFA0B17C53DD58.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/41bb414c4bc74ef892d89402ce13bfa9/40CC7AE684723A5FF8A5F54CA23F3243.png"><br><br>※题型：计算题※知识点：计算题※试题难度：中等<br>(<br>)配制<br>80g10%<br>的氢氧化钠溶液的一般步骤是:<br>(①称量、②溶解、③计算)<br>(<br>)用<br>80g10%<br>的氢氧化钠溶液与一定量的稀盐酸反应恰好完全反应,求生成氯化钠质量是多少克?<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/9349008b751e491da34c97d222b8fd30/F45E9AD56C8E8AA31C796A861A906CE6.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>
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