2021届中考化学物质的检验与提纯提升训练（六）物质的检验与提纯综合应用
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>物质的鉴别和除杂是重要的实验技能,下列实验设计不能达到实验目的的是( )<br><tbody><br>选项<br>实验目的<br>实验设计<br>A<br>鉴别CuO和炭粉<br>分别加入盐酸,观察现象<br>B<br>鉴别<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/7/43916A0CBDACF639905BC5CD89370C97.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/7/D350503FAEB172B50F09D85EB5C5B0A3.png"><br>分别将燃着的木条伸入集气瓶中,观察现象<br>C<br>除去铜粉中的锌粉<br>加入足量<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/7/2AC1A4FAF14CF4A728016A411339C27A.png"><br>溶液后过滤、洗涤、干燥<br>D<br>除去<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/7/082D80F44856B737F86B78C92EC26F4C.png"><br>溶液中的少量<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/7/53DCB02F2927495D25664D94F91F97E6.png"><br>加入过量锌粉,充分反应后过滤<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/1717cafa927d492bbd14c4bae8f7b9ad/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/129976afd7d643fcab106b755356be3c/025E03BD4855ED19DA3E524E48D0E1AC.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列实验方案切实可行的是( )<br><tbody><br>选项<br>实验目的<br>实验设计<br>A<br>鉴别氮气和二氧化碳<br>用燃着的木条,观察是否熄灭<br>B<br>提纯混有少量硝酸钾的氯化钠固体<br>溶解、过滤、蒸发<br>C<br>推断某固体是否为碳酸盐<br>滴加稀盐酸观察是否产生气泡<br>D<br>除去NaCl溶液中混有的少量<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/16/5020518739833AA0F61A620DBB447C84.png"><br>滴加适量<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/16/CB7E7C4BEEFBEBF27159F2B985D9C3A2.png"><br>溶液,过滤<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/185bc73261c14420986d335895079cfb/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/a53f06eacb054f92a526f6907f109a60/7D2CDFF361AD2C29309BC52692A94089.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列有关物质的制备、检验、鉴别和除杂的方法错误的是( )<br>A.制备:工业上常采用分离液态空气的方法制取氧气<br>B.检验:用带火星的木条检验氧气<br>C.鉴别:用观察颜色的方法鉴别木炭粉和氧化铜粉末<br>D.除杂:通过灼热的铜网除去氮气中混有的少量氧气<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/5e70f6de09a0474abcfce16257c4b134/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/ac5dff592ad844548d94c32bc51ad5a4/7C25434225C0DA136579D627A260FEEB.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>物质的鉴别与除杂是重要的实验技能。下列实验方案不能达到相应实验目的的是( )<br><tbody><br>选项<br>实验目的<br>实验方案<br>A<br>鉴别羊毛线和棉线<br>取样,灼烧,闻气味<br>B<br>鉴别铵态氮肥和磷肥<br>观察颜色<br>C<br>除去<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/7/AF46297A9702CDB7F07F372B6B2255C7.png"><br>溶液中少量的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/7/53DCB02F2927495D25664D94F91F97E6.png"><br>加入过量的氢氧化钠溶液,过滤<br>D<br>除去KCl固体中少量的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/7/C593AB7E8C703062DFA5ED884F267FE4.png"><br>加水溶解、过滤、蒸发结晶<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/38cb6978e025432dac136e06dbdf3ed2/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/e3a433972f1f4bad9eebed2ba890fda1/81BBB5BBFD35EA3587FCE1C44C110A66.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列依据实验目的所设计的实验操作中正确的是( )<br>A.检验NaCl中含有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/6/15/CE363B646A637013DCB7AC642E4DDDB8.png"><br>,加水溶解<br>B.鉴别NaCl和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/6/15/CE363B646A637013DCB7AC642E4DDDB8.png"><br>溶液,加适量盐酸<br>C.除去CaO中的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/6/15/0125C0E265985712A3A9CAA2643B9043.png"><br>,加足量稀硫酸<br>D.除去<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/6/15/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>中少量的CO,通入<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/6/15/43916A0CBDACF639905BC5CD89370C97.png"><br>,点燃<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2019/335b412706854ad2964ea357f446ff16/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2019/ad3574cec4354d059cca0cc3c4586b70/0BAEB00F4D23CCAB65EED851C5C16B2A.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列实验方案设计不合理的是( )<br><tbody><br>选项<br>实验内容<br>操作或所用试剂<br>A<br>鉴别铁粉和木炭粉<br>观察颜色<br>B<br>鉴别氯化铵和氯化钾<br>加熟石灰,混合研磨<br>C<br>除去铜中混有的氧化铜<br>加过量稀硫酸,过滤<br>D<br>除去氧化钙中混有的碳酸钙<br>高温煅烧<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2015/efc165caa7514d9982dcb4cc789aef94/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2015/1026cf669e63465aaecf8651c4247b1b/C504AD844EAE9029897C9F4DF5A0E7ED.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列有关物质除杂、鉴别所用试剂或方法正确的是()<br>A.除去铁粉中混有的锌粉,可加入过量的硫酸亚铁溶液并过滤<br>B.用酚酞溶液可一次性鉴别稀硫酸、澄清石灰水和氯化钠溶液<br>C.要除去<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2015/9/10/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>气体中的少量HCl气体,可将其通过足量的NaOH溶液<br>D.不加任何试剂即可鉴别KCl溶液、NaOH溶液、<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2015/9/10/DB543F7C7B8DD31CCF64ED52FA460DAF.png"><br>溶液、<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2015/9/10/53DCB02F2927495D25664D94F91F97E6.png"><br>溶液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2015/f5bbb8e5dbe7415f9fea017c9114ea5f/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2015/f7be47fad4044114806d9b22cfcbe925/760E9841D1B551D239BFDE0E0652DAD5.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列实验操作不能达到实验目的的是( )<br><tbody><br>选项<br>实验目的<br>实验操作<br>A<br>除去CaO中少量的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/13/0125C0E265985712A3A9CAA2643B9043.png"><br>高温煅烧<br>B<br>测定草木灰水溶液的pH<br>先用水润湿pH试纸,再用玻璃棒蘸取溶液滴到pH试纸上,与标准比色卡比较,读出pH<br>C<br>鉴别固体<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/13/02337B8D80DBD5F730702632F43AB60F.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/13/DB543F7C7B8DD31CCF64ED52FA460DAF.png"><br>分别取样,加熟石灰研磨,闻气味<br>D<br>分离<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/13/C593AB7E8C703062DFA5ED884F267FE4.png"><br>和KCl固体混合物<br>加水溶解、过滤,滤渣洗涤、干燥;蒸发滤液<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/930809513c5f44a7ae8dd97565fea32a/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/7acf9c5fecf94c55bb74079d38bd48ff/3B8974386A512E4FBB6C1F4DDCCA4DE2.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列主要成分中含有少量杂质,选用试剂进行检验杂质、除去杂质是化学实验中的常见实际问题,若一种试剂既能检验所含杂质、又能除去杂质,该试剂我们就能称为“高效试剂”,下列选项中不能称为“高效试剂”(所加试剂均适量且忽略分离步骤)的是( )<br><tbody><br>选项<br>主要成分<br>所含的杂质<br>“高效试剂”<br>A<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/14/449D34473A0B8AFC69BD6271FC6C889B.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/14/022320F764A526311DCDA3EBFFF86FEA.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/14/C9D3C98A8F66E319CAA3420AB77C7052.png"><br>B<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/14/56D2A73F2531F3EB6732E1B05B2AEE20.png"><br>HCl<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/14/3A4FCE2D1C5015BD1216F378C9690D09.png"><br>C<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/14/B24F7CDE6AD9E94EFD42E801F850ED99.png"><br>HCl<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/14/640FA9CE9706385F659B022DD985CD4B.png"><br>D<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/14/0C7901C77903E8BAF76E821F809A46C4.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/14/D6ABB2428D0A114FFECCB9D56E06507E.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/14/56D2A73F2531F3EB6732E1B05B2AEE20.png"><br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/a6399e55991a440d8078f63a31731328/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/18b37e8bb6764bbabc0dd469e701e96f/772182BC77E63B690FB35CB6BA96B8F0.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列实验操作一定能达到实验目的的是( )<br><tbody><br>选项<br>实验目的<br>实验操作<br>A<br>除去铁粉中的铜粉<br>加入足量的稀盐酸,充分反应,过滤、洗涤、烘干<br>B<br>除去<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/CE3FB2E68B350B28E5B76D176FE3FE33.png"><br>中的少量<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/CE3FB2E68B350B28E5B76D176FE3FE33.png"><br>通过灼热的铜网<br>C<br>鉴别二氧化锰粉末和碳粉<br>观察颜色<br>D<br>比较黄铜和铜的硬度<br>将黄铜与铜互相刻画<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/3adb6cdf141c45dda5f6ac1401f9772c/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/47595ad2a507485b931d3c6ca868bb5a/27156BF14D2D196EAC38F7534729317B.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列叙述中,不正确的是( )<br>A.用水可以鉴别:白糖、氢氧化钠、硫酸铜<br>B.不用试剂可以鉴别溶液:硝酸亚铁、碳酸钠、氢氧化钡、硫酸铵<br>C.用稀盐酸除去铜中少量氧化镁<br>D.用适量硝酸钙除去硝酸钠中少量碳酸钾<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/13680db5178d442fbb768edd6a22f683/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/cdf6568dd0e045298e1da2c542260938/36BCC7F952417E3127197F8B7CBBCDE8.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>将<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/30/30657727C1BC6D2EF105929EB41BE315.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/30/D350503FAEB172B50F09D85EB5C5B0A3.png"><br>的混合气体依次通过足量的下列物质:①浓硫酸、②饱和氢氧化钠溶液、③灼热的氧化铜粉末,充分反应后的剩余气体是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/30/7A83E30705E0CF4999FB8C9DC564705F.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/30/D350503FAEB172B50F09D85EB5C5B0A3.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/30/6EB75BCA1105DFFF4380DE72C5D77E1A.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/30/B23F37F67AE8808EF4EE60496EA131B2.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/13d9ace1a74d49a0bb5372329822b413/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/5dd8b7038f4f4516b0c637fce3acea7f/68F9B18116DB1914F4B5B17981FE1CA3.png"><br><br>
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