2021届中考化学物质的检验与提纯提升训练（一）气体的检验
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列操作可以鉴别氧气、空气两瓶气体的是( )<br>A.观察气体的颜色 B.分别插入燃着的木条<br>C.闻气体的气味 D.分别倒入澄清石灰水<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/3c3da2615337412580558717c879e127/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/d399525d3942424097ed12cb1f71dc17/2EC4B7C4C7D248AC2CBE5F62EE441CAA.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>能一次性鉴别空气、氧气和二氧化碳三瓶无色气体的方法是( )<br>A.分别加入澄清石灰水 B.将燃着的木条伸入瓶中<br>C.分别加入紫色石蕊试液 D.分别加入酚酞试液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/47ad065069e74514be74c41625e2e52f/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/8689f1225ac046cf901430b2296494ff/4E97034BF621C3510181B8E7F84B933D.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>区别下列各组常见物质,括号内选用的方法或试剂正确的是( )<br>A.硬水和软水(肥皂水)<br>B.一氧化碳和二氧化碳气体(观察颜色)<br>C.氢气和氧气(闻气味)<br>D.二氧化碳和氮气(燃着的木条)<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/ea31446db1d441bc8560d585f5367e60/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/1052d7f49ef849529a5f80ec085e6e0b/A2C6EED3026FA99C153B928BB5F59DFC.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>甲、乙、丙三个集气瓶中,分别盛有空气、氮气和氧气,用一根燃着的木条分别插入瓶中,依次观察到火焰熄灭、继续燃烧、燃烧更旺,则瓶中所盛气体依次是( )<br>A.氧气氮气空气 B.氮气氧气空气<br>C.空气氧气氮气 D.氮气空气氧气<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/a1a0c786b6f84d279de2b7e161c05417/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/db076c092b444438bbd9ef10de3e7c59/996C4C4BA06EC4D630C05D0110BC5061.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>有三瓶无色无味的气体X、Y、Z,它们分别是甲烷、氢气、一氧化碳中的一种,分别点燃三种气体,用干燥的冷烧杯罩在火焰上方,只有X和Z火焰上方的烧杯内壁有水滴出现,燃烧后分别向烧杯中注入少量澄清的石灰水,振荡,只有Y和Z的烧杯内石灰水变浑浊。则X、Y、Z分别是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/6/FA97820E77A62D3D316654939C539EE0.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/6/98EC86DD694CBABDED5B4BC52FA612F3.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/6/56B5D7ED94A141FDBC5A65B31249479D.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/6/88A5A178A47F3A56802C99F8C30CD61C.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/643afee1f1234a6bafd1e2b9afa542cb/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/8637e914bf214b7c8559834c888a39c0/7981F456A34B971186A1F1E5A99A4552.png"><br><br>※题型：多选题※知识点：多选题※试题难度：中等<br>某气体由<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/23/D6F9F3EC59FDA6DBF757B76108C9BD72.png"><br>中的两种组成,为确定其成分进行了下面的实验:①将气体通过澄清的石灰水,未出现浑浊现象;②将气体通过灼热的氧化铜,有红色固体生成;③将气体点燃后通入澄清的石灰水,有浑浊现象。则该气体成分可能的是( )<br>A.CO、<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/23/3FD11E2AFC06B1D240106659D73AE871.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/23/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>、CO<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/23/0208C8EEF4BE2FE9870908DCC9800513.png"><br>D.CO、<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/23/5AE69F147234DF32EF5E64E5C6878C8F.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/64fddb8f6ea946ddbdfc167771b26e3b/4D602B79606E3B65829E8D0313A702E6.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>鉴别氮气、氧气、二氧化碳三瓶气体设计的实验方法正确的是( )<br>A.用燃着的木条分别伸入三瓶气体中<br>B.向三瓶气体中分别加入石蕊试液<br>C.先用带火星的木条再利用澄清石灰水<br>D.分别闻三瓶气体的气味<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/8fa42c83b5794d71960600d532eaea20/D7C9A679F3C72D4F1064B7D0A0FD4AD8.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/37126f2037034c778a403435e070f862/2ECB08E132B2411506B3AE819C25947B.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>两个集气瓶中分别集满氧气和二氧化碳。下列方法不能用于鉴别这两瓶气体的是( )<br>A.分别闻两种气体的气味<br>B.分别加入紫色石蕊试液<br>C.分别伸入带火星的木条<br>D.分别通入澄清石灰水中<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/05c2e5140a86422a8c5f68ddc9a111c1/DA50F910BECBBBA4AAB35D7A1AB24524.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/25319473539a42e082fe4a0a04279d9d/9B8D8C1C296A65F2A00A7CE91DCE2C31.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>验证某混合气体中含有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/22/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>、CO和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/22/EC3292BA20EA95699E445A75CBF39462.png"><br>,装置连接顺序正确的是(假设每一步反应均完全,装置可以重复使用)( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/22/5ADF19EA8DC1483DAE534A71ED1E4960.png"><br>A.甲丙乙丁戊 B.甲乙丙丁丙戊<br>C.甲乙丁丙戊 D.甲丙乙丁丙戊<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/6f02ed472dbc43fbabd4940060f8ca5e/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>将草酸(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/30/590FEC01C0E1F996DE4097C2489ADB0D.png"><br>,沸点约150℃,分解温度约190℃)隔绝空气加热得到的混合物经充分冷却后残余气体M(CO、<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/30/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>中的一种或两种)。为探究M的成分,设计如图所示实验。下列说法不正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/30/1B86FB44A843D2BECDF8FFFAA09273FE.png"><br>A.若甲试管内溶液变浑浊,则M中一定含有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/30/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>B.若丙中固体变黑、丁试管内溶液变浑浊,则M中一定含CO<br>C.若装置甲、乙位置互换,则无法判断M中是否含有CO<br>D.若加热所得混合物不经充分冷却,则M中可能混有草酸蒸气<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/c01a0a6500484acbaa052eeb39367c39/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/c1e3245b530945128c8a86a8c34e9252/B587F46EC2BCF8C86556E699CECF6191.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>如图所示,为鉴别<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/12/BDF900345AF09A3015F45B2669FF3895.png"><br>、<br>CO<br>、<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/12/CDE08DE09A11174D3A8CC4A13B43D038.png"><br>三种气体,分别把它们的燃烧产物依次通过甲、乙两装置,甲瓶中为浓硫酸,乙瓶中为澄清石灰水。(浓<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/12/022320F764A526311DCDA3EBFFF86FEA.png"><br>有吸水性)<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/12/E4A52F0B724B8BB824F5C88FF974BD01.png"><br>1.若甲瓶中物质的质量增加,乙瓶中物质的质量不变,则燃烧的气体为_________,化学方程式为_________。2.若甲瓶中物质的质量不变,乙瓶中生成白色沉淀,则燃烧的气体为_________,燃烧的化学方程式为_______。3.若甲,乙两瓶中物质的质量都增加,则燃烧的气体为_________;若乙的质量增加2.2g,则甲的质量增加________g。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/793a977a01d44c539f3dd0e54d735ca3/31C6CEA790747163B4FE33D65AC34C81.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/0900b3f423df4746a9c9415427144e23/517A051D74423B07551796F6DA33F08D.png"><br><br>
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