2021届中考化学曲线图像大作战（四）溶解度曲线图像
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>硝酸钾的溶解度曲线如图所示。将100g60℃的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/15/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>饱和溶液分别进行如下操作后,所得溶液与原溶液相比,变化结果完全正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/15/5BC1EF171027484A3B975390842D695B.png"><br><tbody><br>选项<br>操作<br>溶质质量<br>溶液质量<br>溶质的质量分数<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/15/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>的溶解度<br>A<br>升温<br>变大<br>变大<br>不变<br>变大<br>B<br>降温<br>变小<br>变小<br>不变<br>变小<br>C<br>加入<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/15/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>固体<br>不变<br>变大<br>变大<br>变大<br>D<br>恒温蒸发部分水<br>变小<br>变小<br>不变<br>不变<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/bb282232a6b7430588e1af9a94f2f6df/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/36a4faa57fc6432b9693850e4f67ef58/088010D6AC39A82EE2B88719C5D7F02C.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较难<br>分析如图溶解度曲线,判断下列说法错误的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/4/94440A8418459780031C437047E58321.png"><br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/4/128EEA09B8BDD40D7116405FDB835673.png"><br>℃时,硝酸钾的溶解度为110g<br>B.硝酸钾中含有少量氯化钠时,可以用冷却热饱和溶液的方法提纯硝酸钾<br>C.将<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/4/128EEA09B8BDD40D7116405FDB835673.png"><br>℃时硝酸钾的饱和溶液降温到<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/4/91B4A0ED46DA0B03A2A8CF22C0EEF470.png"><br>℃,一定会析出<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/4/4C682E6B0FA34D6DFC6E6A075F08DC70.png"><br>晶体<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/4/128EEA09B8BDD40D7116405FDB835673.png"><br>℃时,等质量的两种物质的饱和溶液中,含硝酸钾的质量一定比含氯化钠的质量大<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/b650dd2aca9e4af5b2001b7ca635a9d5/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/9e006e0fec4c41e68adcedf8059831d2/F53CF9E9C600E283CADAF42987515F45.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较难<br>甲、乙、丙三种固体物质(均不含结晶水)的溶解度曲线如图所示。下列说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/25/DEAB0CEF555EDD40CBE468877A441FC7.png"><br>A.甲和丙都属于易溶物质<br>B.溶解度大小关系:甲>乙>丙<br>C.等质量甲、乙两种物质的溶液从<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/25/BFD72B8D015C6E67E1C3E17DE297996F.png"><br>℃降到<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/25/FCCD9596601883BB3311EAC823C6623F.png"><br>℃时,析出晶体质量较大的是甲<br>D.三种物质的饱和溶液从<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/25/BFD72B8D015C6E67E1C3E17DE297996F.png"><br>℃降到<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/25/FCCD9596601883BB3311EAC823C6623F.png"><br>℃,所得溶液溶质质量分数:乙>甲>丙<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/a15cfde5e43a4534a7e7cde30b3fc165/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/ca81b269a2e44df19b552b17d2040ede/5C160C3127D787E0C7538E6AA706EB54.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较难<br>如图是a、b、c三种固体物质的溶解度曲线图。请判断下列说法,其中正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/A6FD1B5DDE38B797106D834F17151638.png"><br>A.使a、c的饱和溶液析出晶体的方法都可以是降温结晶<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/FCCD9596601883BB3311EAC823C6623F.png"><br>℃时,a、c两种物质的溶液溶质质量分数一定相等<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/BFD72B8D015C6E67E1C3E17DE297996F.png"><br>℃时,将a物质30g加入50g水中,充分溶解,所得溶液的质量为80g<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/BFD72B8D015C6E67E1C3E17DE297996F.png"><br>℃时,a、b、c三种物质的饱和溶液的溶质质量分数由一大到小的关系是:a>b>c<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/3c81f5d9488c4d3d82dcdef1cb9c09dd/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/cc778e49a7d34dd6b2613b0ffb493055/C925D0CB47A21F7CC1F555E599697DAB.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>甲、乙两种均不含结晶水的固体物质(设它们从溶液中析出时也都不含结晶水)的溶解度曲线如图所示,下列说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/23/7090B49554FDE1DFDA8A5E1BBD7ACBD6.png"><br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/23/FCCD9596601883BB3311EAC823C6623F.png"><br>℃时,若甲、乙两溶液的质量相等,则两溶液中溶剂的质量一定相等<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/23/FCCD9596601883BB3311EAC823C6623F.png"><br>℃时,用不断搅拌的方法,能增大乙在水中的溶解度<br>C.将<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/23/BFD72B8D015C6E67E1C3E17DE297996F.png"><br>℃时的甲溶液170g降温至<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/23/FCCD9596601883BB3311EAC823C6623F.png"><br>℃,析出的甲一定是34g<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/23/BFD72B8D015C6E67E1C3E17DE297996F.png"><br>℃时将40g甲加入到50g水中,充分溶解形成的溶液一定是饱和溶液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/7ae2817e17b040ec9bbc0247d2c8539f/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>甲、乙两种固体物质的溶解度曲线如图。下列说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/9/150E8B7D34EBFFA3ABB4F73B225F6170.png"><br>A.甲物质的溶解度为60g<br>B.t℃时,甲、乙两物质的溶解度相等<br>C.升高温度可使不饱和的甲溶液变为饱和溶液<br>D.t℃乙物质的饱和溶液降到20℃时,溶液中溶质质量分数增大<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/8cb90c7fe0f04b40997526675e29edf8/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/558417dfff1943d59f53442f3c372ec8/019D15D9732FABB02C15CC915EE980FE.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>硫酸钠和氯化铵是重要的化工原料,其溶解度曲线如图所示。下列说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/13/94CCF556F4CBFF6E3AC072F6D5F1C8CA.png"><br>A.b点表示两者溶液中的溶质质量分数相同<br>B.40℃时,50g水中恰能溶解50g硫酸钠达到饱和<br>C.不能用恒温蒸发溶剂的方法从饱和氯化铵溶液中析出晶体<br>D.将100g硫酸钠饱和溶液从60℃降至40℃,溶液的溶质质量分数不变<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/3e5e6a801be546148304b4d19d7ee610/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/89fe59db32bb4ee6b892e7eb86ec4402/2D6546C7207504C7808F99EFCD6DCAD3.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>山西河东地区是中华文明的发祥地之一,那里有一个被称为“中国死海”的湖泊——运城盐湖,该湖水含盐量极高,含有氯化钠、硫酸钠等物质。如图是硫酸钠和氯化钠的溶解度曲线图,下列说法错误的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/2C17BAB7834534F954F3CD5E680A23C6.png"><br>A.20℃时,分别配制等质量的硫酸钠和氯化钠的饱和溶液,硫酸钠需要的水多<br>B.欲从湖水中提纯氯化钠可采用蒸发结晶的方法<br>C.将40℃的饱和硫酸钠溶液升温到t℃,溶质质量分数增大<br>D.硫酸钠的溶解度随温度变化比氯化钠大<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/98ca122b3ea84b9b9cf954a98f7eba0c/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/92ef17f530794e3b80aa12ff5b9cc1b4/B0AD9E07C15A0F4105584AA66D128F51.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>如图为甲、乙两种固体物质(均不含结晶水)的溶解度曲线。下列说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/5E489EAE278623A7297D25E23A4725D6.png"><br>A.乙的溶解度大于甲的溶解度<br>B.20℃时,甲、乙两种物质的溶液的溶质质量分数相等<br>C.10℃时,分别用等质量的甲、乙两种物质配制饱和溶液,所得乙溶液的质量较大<br>D.将100g溶质质量分数为10%的乙物质的溶液从30℃降温到20℃,所得溶液的溶质质量分数小于10%<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/e66c9884d40f4550b08e1427afc8f76f/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/e6963259873e4399acff4136ea999b4a/2F801A115BCDDB0F68D0E0BFE111BE0A.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较难<br>如图是碳酸钠和氯化钠的溶解度曲线,下列说法不正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/7/BD4659A77A735FC0162F656F796F4C73.png"><br>A.生活在盐碱湖附近的人们习惯“夏天晒盐,冬天捞碱”<br>B.P点对应的是30℃时碳酸钠的不饱和溶液<br>C.30℃时,氯化钠饱和溶液的溶质质量分数是36.3%<br>D.将10℃时两种物质的饱和溶液升温至30℃,所得溶液中溶质质量分数的大小关系为:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/7/3FED75308396B460EE3C70E94A4134DD.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/a43846005cf8498896278adf20477de2/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/607c88cf810d4eea8553ab3ce58e467c/E484D81076274FBB1ADCE9B368C28A9E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/13/FCCD9596601883BB3311EAC823C6623F.png"><br>℃时,将a、b两种固体物质(均不含结晶水)各25g,分别加入盛有100g水的烧杯中,充分搅拌后现象如图甲所示:升温到<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/13/987E7EF0931F8B5597DE88936DA9F6B2.png"><br>℃时,现象如图乙所示(忽略水蒸发)。图丙是a、b在水中的溶解度曲线。下列说法不正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/13/5D4CF4F9784808E74C7BCC9A1A4490D5.png"><br>A.图丙中曲线M是b物质的溶解度曲线<br>B.图乙中烧杯内b溶液的溶质质量分数为25%<br>C.图甲中两烧杯内a、b溶液的溶质质量分数相等<br>D.若a中混有少量b,可将其溶液蒸发结晶、趁热过滤以提纯a<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/5b2f96c28a0d4db69f71dbe0a9a2cf17/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/b123c29eb38b424ca86b344fa2f5bdab/2EB0699BDBC795E547065A285FADDCAA.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较难<br>如图是三种物质的溶解度曲线,下列分析不正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/CB4A5ACFA145076E79476B17401A4D28.png"><br>A.50℃时,三种物质的溶解度由大到小的顺序是A>B>C<br>B.20℃时,可以配制质量分数相等的A、B、C溶液<br>C.50℃时,把50gA放入50g水中能得A的饱和溶液,其中溶质与溶液质量比为1:3<br>D.将50℃时三种物质的饱和溶液分别降温至20℃,溶质质量分数大小顺序为B>A=C<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/968f9b7145334f828e4ed58788a93f05/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/d7b710cdcd7a46759d8ea84d4ac2527e/B14D15795737ADC91A3C619801183B11.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>水是生命之源,是人类生产、生活中不可缺少的物质。水常用作物质溶解的溶剂,<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>与<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/1B0D100CD07DE02C2FD1479964DC1EEE.png"><br>在水中的溶解度曲线如图<br>所示,请回答:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/8812B02DB042BFEE48EE5592BEFD5664.png"><br>1.在<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/FCCD9596601883BB3311EAC823C6623F.png"><br>℃时,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>与<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/1B0D100CD07DE02C2FD1479964DC1EEE.png"><br>的溶解度均为;<br>2.在<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/987E7EF0931F8B5597DE88936DA9F6B2.png"><br>℃时,将80gX物质加入到100g水中,充分溶解后降温至<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/FCCD9596601883BB3311EAC823C6623F.png"><br>℃,溶液中析出固体质量的变化如图2所示,则X为__________(填“<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>”或“<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/1B0D100CD07DE02C2FD1479964DC1EEE.png"><br>”);<br>3.取<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/987E7EF0931F8B5597DE88936DA9F6B2.png"><br>℃时<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>、<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/1B0D100CD07DE02C2FD1479964DC1EEE.png"><br>的饱和溶液各100g,分别降温至<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/FCCD9596601883BB3311EAC823C6623F.png"><br>℃,所得溶液中溶质质量的关系为:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>________<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/1B0D100CD07DE02C2FD1479964DC1EEE.png"><br>(填“>”“<”或“=”)。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/7032779fc29248e6ac46b0b5fb1c0730/6C04D790E52F5DB49A886215807CF4CB.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/b8e8e8a86f59432aa2b2505eb89c9887/5B530605D71EC57DD9A6A329BB6DA8BE.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>将<br>NaOH<br>和<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/26/AB2D2A552DD21232A4CC0122F9AEB686.png"><br>固体分别装入两支试管中,进行如图<br>所示实验,向两支试管中分别滴加适量水,烧杯中<br>X<br>、<br>Y<br>的饱和溶液均变浑浊。请结合图<br>回答:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/26/FAA5A416EC3F943F1B5B12D4E442780B.png"><br>1.X的溶解度曲线为(填“a”或“b”)。<br>2.将<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/26/5F873203FC8CA51A39E7B4B25D1237FE.png"><br>℃时等质量的X、Y饱和溶液降温到<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/26/987E7EF0931F8B5597DE88936DA9F6B2.png"><br>℃,所得溶液的质量:XY(填“>”“=”或“<”)。<br>3.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/26/F6DFBEDE36DF69DF0930F2525BEFA9E3.png"><br>℃时,将90gY的饱和溶液稀释为溶质质量分数为20%的溶液,需加水的质量为g。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/b76788f078154672a92161a70150f1a8/7B29E97417E14909F8F2F8236D698F97.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/35f3ed6fd61644fd9bbcceb0699ed11c/F46615916D3DC65480E4B5F0B6D03837.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>如图是硝酸钾(<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/23/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>)和氯化钾(<br>KCl<br>)的溶解度曲线,请回答下列问题。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/23/1FEBA921DEA0F5DC96555B75C9C3724F.png"><br>1.10℃时,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/23/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>和KCl的溶解度大小关系是:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/23/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>____KCl(填“>”“<”或“=”)。<br>2.60℃时,将120g<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/23/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>同体放入100g水中,充分溶解后,所得溶液的质量为g。<br>3.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/23/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>中混有少量的KCl,可用的方法提纯<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/23/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>。<br>4.据图示,下列有关说法正确的是。A.KCl的不饱和溶液只能采用蒸发溶剂的方法才可变成饱和溶液B.60℃时,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/23/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>溶液的溶质质量分数一定比KCl溶液的大C.将60℃时<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/23/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>和KCl两种溶液分别降温至10℃,析出晶体较多的是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/23/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>溶液D.60℃时,从<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/23/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>和KCl两种饱和溶液中获得等质量晶体,蒸发水较多的是KCl溶液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/53cb511a53494efaa5f3fb411c0730f0/10C86C27CAE16F7F01D2D49741D658CD.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/121d41d3f7a74661926fede5f4ad4e50/59AD0BA3FD320AB35A0EE292BAA05CA9.png"><br><br>
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