山西省晋中市榆次区2020届九年级上学期期中考试化学试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>下列变化属于化学变化的是( )<br>A.纸张燃烧 B.盐酸挥发 C.冰雪融化 D.瓷碗破碎<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/7a919ff9346245289eb989bee8102190/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/96c4828d016d435a8a9c17fe45d94d40/FF8963D3BAE01A588797578DE884EE8C.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>在空气的成分中,体积分数约占21%的是( )<br>A.氮气 B.二氧化碳 C.氧气 D.稀有气体<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/44bbf92b46b34a259a4a0ab3e8eaaf32/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/c2dc3d5d238f458d9a14b24ec8ad4ed2/0F3814749FFC7FF73093111C9833D2DC.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>下列仪器中,加热试管内液体不需要用到的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/B9FAEA18A4172FDBDA3525A7C94AAD7D.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/90BAAEF02228F9E97A4FC1C764F8E3CF.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/84AE3A0BC5D3D6389806490BBD68589C.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/7313BFBBCC1DDFC72061433348629C3D.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/2a7029b50f6e453584adae0e6d168192/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/0f67ad81ed2e4e01b45c96eaf6fa01b7/4369CDD1368E2F0B5827554D4D2489EA.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>下列符号可以表示2个氢原子的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/2B16F55F3F0FB99F994C9D66BF7C2DDD.png"><br>B.2H<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/BDF900345AF09A3015F45B2669FF3895.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/EC3292BA20EA95699E445A75CBF39462.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/0a878d651ffc46128a84328de14368c4/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/0c1e3f4c9c5945a1b6314daa2d4d7e02/086854EFFA252612E1020484847F3F8D.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>日常生活中加铁酱油、高钙牛奶中的“铁”和“钙”是( )<br>A.单质 B.分子 C.原子 D.元素<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2018/cde2bc88d3194dcba67046018431611c/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>在做木炭燃烧实验时,用于夹持木炭的仪器是( )<br>A.铁夹 B.试管夹 C.坩埚钳 D.玻璃棒<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/724cc785429d4e77b020e070fe41bc91/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/925a5e59a30f447599d30726d2ab556c/3160C9CF48CDDF8F0FA44191EA7A79CD.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列化学用语与含义相符的是( )<br>A.2N:两个氮元素<br>B.2Fe:两个铁分子<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/DB6800E94E5057789846ED2F356EBFDD.png"><br>:两个氢分子和两个氧原子<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/5F23E76EFF0E79B73F0A30E194B0C813.png"><br>:两个氧离子<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/3fca6da282d8442891dfc40fd8c6dcb5/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/59529c3c4d724e768c93c038c8d3c0d2/A0B2080FDA785E4BAC28BCCF10513E11.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>实验室测定空气里氧气的含量,最适宜的可燃物是( )<br>A.硫 B.红磷 C.铁丝 D.木炭<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/42f46d01f30c4dd197519bacc67bb9b0/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/687fc8adc09843bd9e432ab4669be299/F4A472872D71E3D9773597387E652F38.png"><br><br>※题型：计算题※知识点：计算题※试题难度：容易<br>已知磷原子的核电荷数为15,相对原子质量为31,则磷原子的核外电子数为( )<br>A.46 B.31 C.16 D.15<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/f3315196fc2b4b94923e2e9d5c194d43/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/8b7d250afa5348c1859cc3e321fc7a96/04C25BF4A9D4807858B6E277F6175CFC.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>下列做法不利于保护水资源的是( )<br>A.合理使用农药、化肥 B.工业用水循环使用<br>C.用洗菜的水冲厕所 D.大量开采地下水<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/b84082e20e5b48eaa3e6ae862362b087/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/4cb98c440f6f431ea94437b89e07359f/E6B15F4289FE2B73C5702239F150705D.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>化学反应前后,下列各项中一定会发生变化的是( )<br>A.原子种类 B.原子数目 C.元素种类 D.分子种类<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/e29e66e1658a4917a35d7d3aae056c3d/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/591070ed38044cc7b55638c2a29ac691/DE741B1D26EF661CF0AE81D58C106646.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列生活中的现象,用分子的知识加以解释,其中不正确的是( )<br>A.电解水的实验,说明在化学变化中分子可以再分<br>B.50mL水和50mL酒精混合后,体积小于100mL,说明分子间有间隔<br>C.水沸腾时能掀起壶盖,说明水分子的体积随温度升高而增大<br>D.公园里到处都弥漫着花香,说明分子在不断地运动<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/c2d1c29bab8a4f559ec355961f321035/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/1e18a6565b7e4f549ca35bbec5cdf2a6/B179C5DE3D206B193951475ED815C927.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>下列物质中氧元素的质量分数为30%的是( )<br>A.CuO<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/81E02897460BEC9D2C34F1614A4CC31C.png"><br>C.MgO<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/BD4740BBB23D1834A97201E8C27902D5.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/8994ca7283ee4688a6436eee172630b0/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/4fe6a64b6bde439a8091c64f737b5048/CDA13D2DF87903C239058899FA3F2FB7.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列化学方程式正确的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/3DDBB6D12C36F7CA2B5983D5826152CB.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/8DA1FACE9C4B38534616364EDBABB9E0.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/7C01087EB6350F8523AE48C4AB02EC6F.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/1765B37B0E34DD675AFC3E0CCFCCDF83.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/582b252bbae5496994d00358429ee7b6/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/92f0d2eac29b4f4aa9a7cec5991d6492/15867379E7FD5831A7A1B12ADD10FB84.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>元素周期表是俄国化学家门捷列夫于<br>1869<br>年始创的,为了庆祝元素周期表诞生<br>150<br>周年,联合国宣布将<br>2019<br>年定为国际化学元素周期表年。如图是元素周期表中的一部分,根据要求回答问题:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/F30A6592B22CF246DFE44C1E2431BCD7.png"><br>1.②号元素的原子序数为____;<br>2.①号元素处在元素周期表的第____周期,该元素属于____元素(填“金属”或“非金属”);3.从①—④号元素中选两种元素组成化合物,其化学式为____(写一种)。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/7643263917594e41a947b649c20b80a9/A2BD36F970C1B6F6BD1F6D6DECBA5445.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/38af474e64424d3fba54428ea802ce33/AB60A563C190F94EB695C0A221A57100.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：较易<br>下列是几种粒子的结构示意图,回答下列问题:(要求:填字母)<br>A<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/421300EAEA8BF35EEDC34D39FF7D0591.png"><br>B<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/9D4F52C48E2FC34939915FEC5C330618.png"><br>C<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/F44AF27DAEFA9277CB280953529FC24D.png"><br>D<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/8D54F7A21B5831C6B50D198CA82ED977.png"><br>1.属于阳离子的是____,属于阴离子的是____,属于原子的是____;2.在化学反应中容易失去电子的是____,具有相对稳定结构的是____。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/bcab7b6bfd8b4357b1897498107a8356/605A61D526B0EE5C49C098E25E1CE347.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/30ddb34a9a6240739eb079e8b0d09c9e/228AEEC800D2E1BF0B087E6366B76CE2.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>如图是某化学反应的微观示意图,根据要求回答问题:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/E5CD2EAAFF7DEFD6031E75607AD13817.png"><br>在甲、乙、丙、丁四种物质中属于单质的是<br>____(<br>写出具体的化学式,下同<br>)<br>,属于氧化物的是<br>____<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/e292df329ff24c38b9bbfd7a7c490274/A8163DFBFA41BFD333D3452F3974969F.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/e3a2c95f1ee846d6b1edadb484eda242/166B873A49BCA6CCD628BB64A87C4038.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>生活中处处有化学,请按要求回答下列问题:<br>1.某地下水中含有较多可溶性钙、镁矿物质,该水属于____(填“软水”或“硬水”),生活中硬水和软水常用____来区分;<br>2.用自来水烧水的水壶底部,容易形成水垢,水垢的成分主要是碳酸钙和氢氧化镁,请写出氢氧化镁的化学式____;3.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/9B354D5913609761F655648B788645EA.png"><br>在“纳米材料”中有广泛的应用,工业上制取<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/9B354D5913609761F655648B788645EA.png"><br>的方法是:(提示:钛Ti)<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/A23A5C7B593EDC1059E8D40A2D14A9A7.png"><br>,X的化学式是____;4.为了防止人体缺碘,市场上所售的加碘盐,是在食盐中添加了少量的碘酸钾(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/8A60F19E6DADC6B4970DD667274CF4D8.png"><br>),加碘盐“不宜高温烹煮”。碘酸钾与氯酸钾性质相似,碘酸钾在加热条件下生成了碘化钾(KI)和氧气,写出该反应的化学方程式____。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/5542d6c4acc543dda6e5036f6d774363/C56382E22832789F374600AC03392522.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/2247be2563da47aa8b2c7e068a0ced55/1B4A132D55096A21573666EA5ECE13E3.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>依据文章内容和所学知识,回答下列问题:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/4A2E0D8A16A754106572C5E49D18659E.png"><br>1.酸雨是pH____5.6的酸性降水;<br>2.写出一条二氧化氮的物理性质:____;3.在硫、二氧化硫、水、亚硫酸四种物质中任选其中两种物质写出其化学式____;4.硫酸的化学式为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/022320F764A526311DCDA3EBFFF86FEA.png"><br>,标出硫酸中硫元素的化合价____;5.氮气与氧气在放电的条件下反应生成一氧化氮(NO)的化学方程式为____;6.写出一种防治酸雨的方法____。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/78aa92a2ca2e4111ba24c8979001a0e9/AE1BD64BB339F1AF761B3BEB13FC61CA.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/b2805bd98b9b4a45ac639c1d3a74c2e1/500D8E64334B181F2730E387A086D247.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>将少量的黑色固体<br>A<br>加入到一定量的无色液体<br>B<br>中,混合后能得到另一种无色液体<br>C<br>和无色气体<br>D<br>,红热的<br>E<br>在<br>D<br>中剧烈燃烧,发出白光,放出热量,生成能使澄清石灰水变浑浊的气体<br>F<br>1.A物质的名称为____,A物质在此反应中起____作用;<br>2.B物质为____;3.E+D→F的化学反应方程式为____;4.一定量的A和B混合后,发生反应生成C和D,该反应属于基本反应类型中的____。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/c41d88a218ca47e6b4449bf758b8bc6d/66BB13F52502490FFAE3FC4B7C34576E.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/a6453e378c3a4c4babffc4859416550f/C9B5987C2760A7BC68B58F6C8891FE51.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：较易<br>化学活动小组同学对蜡烛及其燃烧进行了探究:(图<br>①<br>中,<br>“A”“B”“C”<br>分别代表不同的火焰)<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/4348BDEF75522B179184A8D768C910D9.png"><br>1.同学用小刀轻轻切下一小块石蜡,说明石蜡的硬度____;将切下的石蜡放入水中,石蜡会____(填“沉入水底”或“浮在水面”);2.图①中,点燃蜡烛后,取一根火柴梗,拿住一端迅速平放入火焰中,约1s后取出,可看出火柴梗____(填“A”“B”或“C”)处最先炭化,说明蜡烛火焰的____温度最高。3.图②中,取一个干燥的烧杯,罩在火焰上方,观察到的现象是____,再取一个用澄清石灰水润湿内壁的烧杯罩在火焰上方,观察到的现象是____;4.图③中,用火柴可点燃蜡烛刚熄灭时产生的____。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/69b055ebeb0d4a109b04ba9741975e5f/6204C413C9FA7EEBF40FD26B5D946C2E.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/87cd3a9bf93b485285c1f74edea367f7/95CADA89CF0DF41641C82D9497EA1E17.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>下图是实验室制取氧气的装置,请回答问题:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/5AEE0A42F052B15E0576666ED98FECBC.png"><br>1.写出仪器名称:①____,②____;2.实验室用A装置制取氧气,反应的化学方程式为____;3.实验室用高锰酸钾制取氧气,应选择的发生装置是____(填字母,下同),反应的化学方程式为____;4.图中的气体收集装置中,不能用来收集氧气的是____,原因是____;要收集到较为纯净的氧气,应该用装置____来收集。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/ede7ac7f43034d9a9838bd8799c51e7a/6204C413C9FA7EEBF40FD26B5D946C2E.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/b8d3917da1284218b887d7ae96d090d9/95CADA89CF0DF41641C82D9497EA1E17.png"><br><br>※题型：计算题※知识点：计算题※试题难度：较易<br>要求每小题都写出计算过程:酸奶中含有的乳酸<br>(<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/7/F044FF5EA4E4B4A151EF81B4BFC62573.png"><br>)<br>对健康有益。<br>(1)<br>求乳酸中碳、氢、氧元素的质量比<br>____<br>;<br>(2)<br>求乳酸的相对分子质量<br>____<br>;<br>(3)<br>求乳酸中碳元素的质量分数<br>____<br>;<br>(4)<br>求<br>90g<br>乳酸中氢元素的质量<br>____<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/fe3b03edd4fc4dc59ade9e0bc320f799/7AF3966401A7A64EEE5EA5E5A895AC8F.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/50a721e3a9b946dcb5f57219efb615b8/991487ADE05048CEDBBFDB944866EFEC.png"><br><br>
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