辽宁省大连市西岗区2020届九年级上学期期末考试化学试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列物质中,属于混合物的是( )<br>A.蒸馏水 B.冰水混合物 C.洁净的空气 D.高锰酸钾<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/4919e749119940e19234f94dc1f7a6f5/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/8a83938d53574ac0ae7dbcee1ed70202/1FA607C3767921789B8201DF8D7832D1.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>下列物质属于氧化物的是( )<br>A.NaCl<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/6/CE3FB2E68B350B28E5B76D176FE3FE33.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/6/EC3292BA20EA95699E445A75CBF39462.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/5/6/132CE5A4221DCE8F26C90950FF673643.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/e5855c408cf849c795b462aa163eebea/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>一种铁原子的原子核内有26个质子和30个中子,该原子的原子序数为( )<br>A.4 B.26 C.30 D.56<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/448820eb54b34639ba3b128e3eacd7d0/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/71818645979140a8843ff1f0cc6baa62/99D5FA61A5B60483783F08F7F3CF6D63.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>为了防止骨质疏松,人体每天应该摄入足够量的( )<br>A.钙 B.锌 C.铁 D.碘<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/0fe21342c3aa4671b12c18b980458201/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/b24d2b2c8e3348ecb21750da10593296/6AD9D876F6B451A31D5928B86C2B8707.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列实验操作正确的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/30/E7D4457FE91B38B0357DC583E4413ACF.png"><br>称量固体<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/30/2458F534190DD5E8DAF35BF5D8B94F78.png"><br>过滤<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/30/D0734734BEC529BB023C318C82C2EC7D.png"><br>点燃酒精灯<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/30/63676A7C6D53C040E02D9E8F08FA7FB8.png"><br>熄灭酒精灯<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/bf452e802ab744f98895b5e07625e74c/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/9b2bd377e3d14c5f856f008a83582757/2E795A4BDF4BA5E529BB631B7DD2CFF3.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>化学反应前后发生改变的是( )<br>A.原子的数目 B.物质的总质量<br>C.元素的种类 D.物质的种类<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/ab30b82db2e54861b34ebb0037964f02/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/630c8d46d76b4c8dad5715f443ca755a/84BE57454F4A65FDDB3A3858DA9B7417.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>硝酸钾(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/30/490D2448912FDAA82DEDD28BCF750A33.png"><br>)中氮元素的化合价是( )<br>A.+1 B.+2 C.+4 D.+5<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/b4b464c16cbb40be85e54c00ed184541/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/764ef0a47f0b49c59ddc426e76276d17/E438952E74F5F308A236C0E8E7203E1C.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列微粒结构示意图中,表示阳离子的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/30/8D0783FC93A602BDC9069E14BB3B6708.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/30/20AAA6916A69EEF80C1B645D98E2BAA0.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/30/93F156E21FCED5958B68743F1B587343.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/30/C961BDCC8D0F091EAD7495CF71ED7B9B.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/0e05a8070c524f16b5f9ccd813e0567d/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/3b1d3d8b55064b15abe20832f67e5947/D18AB7570A1F5988728B44D70ADE096D.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列安全措施不正确的是( )<br>A.燃放烟花爆竹时,远离人群和可燃物<br>B.天然气泄漏,立即关闭阀门并开窗通风<br>C.正在使用的家用电器着火,立即用水浇灭<br>D.燃着的酒精灯不慎碰倒,立即用湿布盖灭<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/52c13616bbd74eb09ba86067fce705cf/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/b710fac36b2648f19f43c80623e8ac80/B774587B001CA5C372C21DDFF22785BF.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>如图为元素周期表的一部分,下列有关说法错误的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/30/6DB68537854595CA1186C67EDEE7EE2C.png"><br>A.氮原子的质子数为7<br>B.碳元素只能形成一种氧化物<br>C.氧的相对原于质量是16.00<br>D.三种元素的本质区别是质子数不同<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/7961101674ec4cfebafcbbbf87391ec8/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/682850a44c4442b69aa1d12945c0aa52/174299E215A4875FEE127FF483F77F55.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列关于碳及其化合物的叙述正确的是( )<br>A.金刚石具有吸附能力<br>B.二氧化碳可以作气体肥料<br>C.一氧化碳易溶于水<br>D.常温下碳的化学性质活泼<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/e5f7dae64ec84013b6afb985db8559a6/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/dabde1b2fb6449138695d6e08b517314/77A3B82E47CD277657DDEF380E1085D6.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>有关催化剂的说法正确的是( )<br>A.任何反应都要催化剂 B.使生成物的质量增加<br>C.改变化学反应的速率 D.本身的性质保持不变<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/132dda3f3348420cb27df0a9a3f86560/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/2d759a928a5b408dbe47ebc815a6c5d5/493E49684DC29BC1432A6E4B38115FA2.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列化学反应过程中,吸收热量的是( )<br>A.镁与稀盐酸反应 B.铁生锈<br>C.生石灰与水反应 D.碳与二氧化碳反应<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/22b5b1b7575a46d29363a7b5916f9a06/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/45fa3ff9f7114504a4a4373bfd9d7246/04DB2D0903CEA117FA13DE7EEA983BE4.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>用微粒的观点回答下列问题<br>:<br>1.干冰汽化体积变大,因为?<br>2.杯中的水敞口不断减少,因为?`<br>3.一氧化碳和二氧化碳化学性质不同的原因是?<br>4.金刚石和石墨的物理性质差异很大的原因是<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/741853bc497442c3b3d7de66f9ace654/81D2434C9AA347E3D68626E9E4C0FD56.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/7e71c69e6092461c99fa305102e586e3/74AB6DC0D692E1A53D39E3325981E5AE.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>水是一种宝贵的资源?<br>1.水净化过程中活性炭的作用是,区别硬水和软水可用?家中常用的方法降低水的硬度?<br>2.水电解的化学方程式为_________________,说明水是由组成的?<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/3a763acc1e3b43e4a27ddde86e80c151/4F1F6D1F53F368D126A2EDA1C26A2194.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/22eb0ccdd0724fd1b5ac5ceca0d2f813/6088A1AEE7A4F8FCB1898AB24D6F5F50.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：较易<br>金属材料应用广"<br>泛"?<br> <br>1.地壳中含量最高的金属元素是,使用最广泛的金属材料是?<br>2.铁制品锈蚀的过程实际上是铁与空气中的反应,防止铁钉生锈的措施之一是?<br>3.工业上利用一氧化碳将铁从赤铁矿中冶炼出来,反应的化学方程式为<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/51f45df032cf413999cf1ada89df92ea/A3B539F13C47B0E99DE0BEF3D82F92CB.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/d7ce891bdfcd4f66929c50978c75f5d8/9DD7EA90BD1EB68C02959AEBBFEF29F8.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>阅读资料<br>回答下列问题?<br>“<br>氧炔焰<br>”<br>是指乙炔<br>(<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/30/66E1CF6B4BE12C514061ED9599CA8F98.png"><br>)<br>在氧气中燃烧的火焰<br>温度可达<br>3000°C<br>以上<br>钢铁接触到氧炔焰很快就会熔化?生产上常通过<br>调节乙块和<br>氧气的体积比<br>来焊接或切割金属?气焊<br>:<br>利用氟<br>炔<br>焰的高温熔化金属焊条<br>将两块金属熔接在一起?该过程需避免待焊接的金属件及焊条熔化时改变成分?气割<br>:<br>使用过量氧气形成氧炔焰加热<br>吹掉熔化的金属和氧化物<br>在金属上形成一条割缝<br>从而割断金属?<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/30/3CE2DD10C543D95684CF2457820BBF37.png"><br> 1.乙炔燃烧生成二氧化碳和水,写出该反应的化学方程式___________?为保证安全,点燃之前应先___________?2.气焊时,乙炔需过量,避免金属件及焊条改变成分,请说明主要原因?<br>3.气割喷嘴模拟装置如图:先通入乙炔气体并点燃,此时灼烧铁丝网,只发红不熔断?再打开另一开关,通入氧气,火焰更明亮,铁丝网熔断?为提高温度,乙炔应从___________(填<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/30/0E8382BCD3985B53EB8D2529000F570B.png"><br>或<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/30/AD055F63B6C97EB311A454E297F00C08.png"><br>)通入?由此可知,燃烧的剧烈程度与氧气的___________有关<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/05e2836f87f74435996b8feae2754996/B4C0323B1F3A135F458EDE7A4914E3B9.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/73ffd94b4020441a98c9bfb5628d18ec/DBAE8851BA6700E9A60ED98F581631EB.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>实验室里常用以下装置制取气体。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/30/13304CBF4A5F8497BD3AF954EECBA58D.png"><br> 1.用高锰酸钾制取氧气的化学方程式为__________,用___________来检验收集到的是氧气,是因为氧气能_______________。2.用过氧化氢制取氧气的化学方程式为_______________,应选择的发生装置是_______________。3.要收集一瓶较纯的氧气用于铁丝燃烧实验,最好选择的收集装置是。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/301d537f56e4435183a7f8ef89fa7180/FC92EA1EAF14EBA85D17E005ED63386C.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/f9bf25d4918c48a884c8d5cf3e0976c5/57C3677C7C076EBA95C158E0D88E8626.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>某同学为探究纯金<br>属及其<br>合金性质,进行了如下实验。<br>表<br>:<br>黄铜片与不同浓度的稀硫酸<br> <br><tbody><br>0-1<br>小时<br>小时<br>-2<br>小时<br>小时<br>-3<br>小时<br>5%<br>的稀硫酸<br>无气泡产生<br>15%<br>的稀硫酸<br>无气泡<br>少量小气泡,反应缓慢<br>少量小气泡增加不明显,缓慢<br></tbody><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/30/CFB0B73CABDC5EA1EB5219388696008C.png"><br>1.取锌片于密闭容器中,加入足量5%的稀硫酸,反应时气体压强的变化曲线如图。开始时容器内气体压强几乎不变,共原因是。m点时,所得溶液中除水之外还含有的物质有。<br>2.另取两片相同的黄铜(铜锌合金,含锌量与实验1相同),分别放入足量不同浓度的稀硫酸中,观察记录实验现象如表。分析可知,制成合金的一个目的是。<br>3.某工厂废液池中溶液的主要成分是硫酸锌、硫酸铜和硫酸,生产过程中还回收了一些锌粉。若只利用废液和锌粉制铜,请设计实验方案<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/c205e595bda44096bbb7b3c0ceb507e3/37DB299D0F6D9F91995C26D0A2334A1D.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/7751b68648a9418c97bc5dedb88c4dc4/23E214B33255DD43F1E142E2D65594C7.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>某品牌白色粉笔的主要成分是碳酸钙和硫酸钙<br>(<br>硫酸钙不与稀盐酸反应<br>)<br>。若将一支<br>3.2g<br>的粉笔研磨成粉末,加入到<br>20g<br>足量的稀盐酸中,充分反应后得到<br>的固液混合<br>物质量为<br>22.54g<br>1.这支白色粉笔中碳酸钙的质量。<br>2.这支白色粉笔中钙元素的质量分数(写出计算过程及结果)<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/cb53fd212e53493cb9760d3558ac4866/139C4595335598FB05D6E4D0B2329124.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/7465cc02add343c6b5338d44e34f5c77/564F71FBD83E866B15D180D4284430CE.png"><br><br>
页:
[1]