湖北省咸宁市通山县2020届九年级上学期期末考试化学试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>物质的变化是化学研究的重要内容,下表中与其他三组变化不同的一组是( )<br><tbody><br>组别<br>变化内容<br>A<br>糖水稀释酒精挥发量体裁衣<br>B<br>水果榨汁钢铁锈蚀木已成舟<br>C<br>竹篾编框海水晒盐火上浇油<br>D<br>玻璃破碎镁条燃烧滴水成冰<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/5e3eefaab14545dba3443e84a49494f5/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/5547aa892cb64115b527e3045485279d/E575EFDED874A4966A55760693FA801D.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列实验操作正确的是( )<br>A.倾倒液体<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/29/8F538E344F5CBCD0B8FBA4F44449F29C.png"><br>B.滴加液体<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/29/64EB82F28E6ACFAE002370FB0B1CCB53.png"><br>C.熄灭酒精灯<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/29/70B49D91967B05CE14157DC440EB38E3.png"><br>D.检查装置气密性<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/29/62F7AE5DF99A4C6719CB11A8A3CF08AD.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/9231cb64be234615952a4ce3d66ec89a/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/a5c86230491c4eb2a120bace226a8b2f/F830A7FBC235077D2D6F03838BDAE065.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列实验中,现象正确且可得到相应结论的是( )<br><tbody><br>实验操作<br>现象<br>结论<br>A<br>把硫在空气中点燃,再伸进充满氧气的集气瓶里<br>硫在空气中燃烧发出淡蓝色火焰,在氧气中燃烧发出蓝紫色火焰<br>硫在空气中燃烧生成<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/6/27/476B1948287B2A1CDE7C3644B1E62759.png"><br>,在氧气中燃烧生成<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/6/27/9FC17170D860237FEA7D850C0894969A.png"><br>B<br>在电解器的玻璃管中加满水,接通直流电源<br>两极玻璃管中有气体生成,体积比是1:2<br>水是化合物,可分解<br>C<br>高温条件下,将<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/6/27/3256B99D406CF944736F3DF394A52EF1.png"><br>通入<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/6/27/61D3F749120418783C0D55A23E88F5E0.png"><br>粉末<br>黑色粉末变为红色<br>可利用<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/6/27/3256B99D406CF944736F3DF394A52EF1.png"><br>的还原性来炼铁<br>D<br>将带火星的木条置于一瓶盛有氧气的集气瓶口上方<br>木条不复燃<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/6/27/155AF00AD644FD3291956032D3992952.png"><br>能支持燃烧<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2019/f26c615057fd41bd9bf2cc2e5a6651a0/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>在一个密闭容器中,有甲、乙、丙、丁、戊五种物质,在一定条件下发生反应,测得反应前后各物质的质量变化量如图所示(图中正数表示物质质量的增加量,负数表示物质质量的减少是,0表示物质质量不变),下列说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/10/10/08C1E10FCFE560B248575563B02D4EC3.png"><br>A.该反应一定属于置换反应<br>B.戊一定是该反应的催化剂<br>C.参加反应的乙、丙的质量比一定为48:23<br>D.该反应中甲、丁的相对分子质量之比一定为44:27<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/bd309e5f69404e45b226471d16f72c2a/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/a8caaecbe54645cfbe639f2b35df8379/2E19E425AF074301604B6036A1DA8E9E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>化学的学习使我们学会了从微观角度认识宏观现象。下列对宏观现象的解释正确的是( )<br>A.热胀冷缩﹣﹣温度升高,微粒变大;温度降低,微粒变小<br>B.电解水分子分解,生成了氢分子和氧分子<br>C.在一定条件下,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>气体会变成固体﹣﹣﹣此时,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/4/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>分子停止运动<br>D.金刚石和石墨的物理性质存在很大差异是构成它们的原子不同<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/304dbddfae7e464d91a75120dfd68f56/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/6157a722a2ff47789c76d270e535475a/6BD1FD7655BE22A8483E255EDDD5C9F0.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>“宏观辨识与微观探析”是化学学科的核心素养之一。下列说法正确的是( )。①化学变化中,分子和原子的种类都不发生改变②冰雪融化的过程中水分子之间的间隔发生了变化③同种分子构成的物质是纯净物④<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/14/2C14CADAB2474A39E813998C06EB3E79.png"><br>和3N中的“3”都表示微粒的个数⑤碳-14(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/14/02E97CDE60AAEA15C395B901FF3642F6.png"><br>)原子核内含有6个质子和8个中子⑥<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/14/EA2929D29762A7D707E409BDA5607692.png"><br>、<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/14/3C8E01E9E15C08C7D0963C82BE622E3F.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/14/40E19830BD341AD1F26F8E2E1A0AC944.png"><br>表示的微粒都带电荷A.①②⑤ B.②③⑤ C.②④⑥ D.②⑤⑥<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/f4cb408f220b411090eb87dfeb5dd97d/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/5cf76115091e4d42b6fdeec12c71dabc/B019D9C3C514177595EFC0D4A22C1533.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列关于燃烧现象的解释或分析正确的是()<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/8/8FE0DF44462DD6934A0E7AB414001C30.png"><br>A.图a中将煤球变成蜂窝煤后再燃烧,其目的是延长煤燃烧的时间<br>B.图b中火柴头斜向下时更容易燃烧,是因为降低了火柴梗的着火点<br>C.图c中蜡烛火焰很快熄灭,是因为金属丝阻碍空气的流动<br>D.由图d中的现象可知,金属镁燃烧的火灾不能用二氧化碳灭火<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/e02b864f64164275b61408882963e334/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>我国科研人员成功研制出一种纳米纤维催化剂,可将二氧化碳转化成液体燃料甲醇,其微观示意图如图所示,下列说法正确的是( )<imgA.甲是单质,乙、丙、丁均为氧化物<br>B.生成物丙由1个碳原子、4个氢原子和1个氧原子构成<br>C.参加反应的甲和乙的分子个数比为3:1<br>D.生成物丙中碳、氢和氧元素的质量比为1:4:1<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/8b67a52317924fe4997cbec65afcd1ac/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/6dae5ecc5a7643269babe2a08c9af19c/CC8197CEC1387A42535C7894BB611B50.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>甲、乙、丙、丁都是含碳的物质,它们有如下关系:①甲与丙在高温的条件下反应生成乙;②乙与氧气在点燃的条件下反应生成丙;③常温下丁能分解生成丙。则甲、乙、丙、丁分别是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/17/26622D6294688039344CB94934744174.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/17/13C0F312BC1003113759AC42C89B5CCB.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/17/4BAA3EDB50CBAF0B88B4BE940A08961C.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/17/CDC82DB92DA90D87BFAAB0D1187AA5C5.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/f0153c7e404c4b4585853e008c71f134/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/431d721600814c2dbd53786870dc1c39/160945794B29B6B61536C0CBDA648E57.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：较易<br>下图是元素周期表的一部分,试回答下列问题:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/29/3C7DE88288439892F42108110F77D19B.png"><br>1.写出①所示的元素符号____。<br>2.②所示元素与③所示元素形成化合物的化学式是____。3.写出④所示元素形成单质的化学式____。4.地壳中含量最多的金属元素位于周期表的第___周期。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/82ebf46dd899492e80aaddc9634495b4/15C7264A736E0A51B230852FF40BB772.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/3cdae63fb01b487595c2dc4a9c9f23fe/CF9D1FD149CE34151AB3BC8A992E35CA.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>(<br>)森林火灾时,常砍伐出一条隔离带的目的是<br>_____<br>(<br>)天然气已经逐渐进入家庭,天然气主要成分燃烧的化学方程式为<br>______<br>(<br>)对自行车的支架进行喷漆处理可以防止其生锈,原因是<br>_____<br>(<br>)生活中将硬水转化为软水常用的方法是<br>_____<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/6b6ccd392e274fb786b6cdbca170bc39/1769C605F0597B4B3BB1DFD55D9E8911.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/761ff3c43d6748aba112eb587fac3e6b/7BEDD04622FA82E9BD38A917D0D0A59E.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>为了从含有<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/29/CB1375B49EDC1DCF398BB198ACAF43CB.png"><br>的工业废水中回收<br>Cu<br>和硫酸亚铁晶体,<br>某学习<br>小组设计并完成了以下实验。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/29/055442A56E3904C4E09FBA409AEE060E.png"><br>1.固体Y是什么(写化学式)____。<br>2.固体X中含有的物质是(写化学式)____。3.试剂B的名称是______。4.试剂A与工业废水发生反应的化学方程式为____。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/c56498764c164a43a879be16ef2b17ef/E0739B72A1CB620396F9F78B93DE3D23.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/f4ec8eb1e5fa474e90dc649177ce5ed5/AC3D52805496614840C1E07C96426AAC.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>(1)<br>图<br>装置中既能制<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/CE3FB2E68B350B28E5B76D176FE3FE33.png"><br>又能制<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>的是<br>_________________(<br>填序号<br>)<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/6D0ACFC340DB09461E3D7AA32B64F2F6.png"><br>请写出实验室用你所选装置制两种气体的化学方程式。<br>制<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/CE3FB2E68B350B28E5B76D176FE3FE33.png"><br>:<br>_________________<br>;<br>制<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>:<br>_________________<br>(2)<br>用推拉注射器活塞的方法来检查装置气密性,如图<br>所示,当缓慢拉动活塞时,如果装置气密性良好,则能观察到<br>________________<br>(3)<br>实验室常用澄清石灰水检验<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>,写出反应的化学方程式:<br>________________<br>(4)<br>某些大理石中含少量硫化物,<br>使制得<br>的<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>中混有<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/8BA90CB1150F90B25C2ACB57931CDD3B.png"><br>气体。欲获取纯净、干燥的<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>需对发生装置中产生的气体进行除杂,实验装置如下:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/19462E3A693DBF73427F7706FC09E90E.png"><br>查阅资料:<br>Ⅰ<br>.<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/8BA90CB1150F90B25C2ACB57931CDD3B.png"><br>能与<br>NaOH<br>等碱溶液、<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/AF154872D0EC786CACF677FD6F562EED.png"><br>溶液反应;<br>Ⅱ<br>.<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>中混有的<br>HCl<br>气体可用饱和<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/69006AE9978DAE1FF1136A3E55851AD2.png"><br>溶液吸收。<br>①<br>装置甲中所盛试剂应选用<br>________________(<br>填字母序号<br>)<br>A.<br>浓硫酸<br>B.NaOH<br>溶液<br>C.<br>澄清石灰水<br>D.<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/AF154872D0EC786CACF677FD6F562EED.png"><br>溶液<br>②<br>装置丙的作用是<br>__________________<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/9c6b026ebeb74d1b886d38d3477aac3a/CAEF0787BD1F45501070DF6FB155F742.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：计算题※知识点：计算题※试题难度：中等<br>铜锌合金又叫黄铜,外观酷似黄金,极易以假乱真。某化学兴趣小组用Ⅰ所示<br>装置测定黄铜中锌的含量。将足量的稀硫酸全部加入锥形瓶中,充分反应后天平示数的变化如Ⅱ所示。<br>请计算:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/3/BDCE404EA74D570C1D38B5212F493AA4.png"><br>1.生成氢气<br>g<br>。2.黄铜样品中锌的质量分数。(写出计算过程)<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/7389a516ae704d0caa13c9cfe942de42/9D459E99E61FC41B4904B374F341AC47.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/9274a7a45e7844e0b5595c1536e7c2bd/4CE7D212620A596E21C6B613C8F1285E.png"><br><br>
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