2021届中考化学仿真模拟卷 广东统考地区专用
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>生活中的下列现象,属于化学变化的是( )<br>A.食物腐败 B.棉花纺线 C.苹果榨汁 D.泥沙沉积<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/c3d799f4ac2e4d5fa6c239629125ae23/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/0579f31347d04fdaa2395730ca298345/BE27F41DC2485033E7283AD994101979.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>“一日之计在于晨”,新的一天从营养丰富的早餐开始。下列食物富含蛋白质的是( )<br>A.玉米、红薯 B.鲜奶、豆浆<br>C.苹果、西红柿 D.牛油、奶油<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/d4b6821abce74f0895cf6233c2ca1a3d/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/561e2c9c7c104ab0b8c3f60ed51ee7a7/61950032D27561502DA7C5FD2060EFAF.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>每年的3月22日是世界爱水日。下列标志中表示“爱护水资源”的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/2DCFF7B11CBEA8AC733A1E2688184EFF.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/0D4B2E1517D300B2BF7F08F3C39DD925.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/69EF8F51C06F6185AB6F4714403B2571.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/E454A72AAADC86EE4D732A45EA7E879F.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/0a1585c7d3c7451da80677edb69ae071/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/72f3d545dbfe44509977526a3a20c5e1/29D5801E5123A47A1D0040C0F1DF31F4.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>目前未计入空气污染指数监测项目的是( )<br>A.一氧化碳 B.二氧化氮<br>C.稀有气体 D.可吸入颗粒物<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/2ff0672fc54d419da49587bd3e6b6502/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/da68616295104de38208535489e0e84b/97B93FA7191BEA4EF7B8BFE71B514333.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>妈妈烘培蛋糕时散发出阵阵香味,说明分子具有的性质是( )<br>A.分子体积很小 B.分子间间隔很小<br>C.分子在不断运动 D.分子可以再分<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/4c4de8ef9dea423784f67fc9089d825e/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/ec450eb89e90407386bcbbb9eb1afca3/5E3EF446CEB7260A9849ADAA129C6DC4.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>到目前为止,我国的稀土储量居世界第一位。铕(Eu)是一种稀土元素,下列说法中错误的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/13/C135B7C7E181A07135932A47923659BE.png"><br>A.铕属于非金属元素<br>B.铕的原子序数是63<br>C.铕原子核外电子数为63<br>D.铕的相对原子质量是152.0<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/31e8968c6a3e46b8905425b310d98d21/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/33fa5a9ba38847b7b49fc332774f2bc1/AD82AA148814A372B67B328BEFB4BDB4.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>除去下列物质中混有的杂质,所用试剂和操作方法不正确的是( )<br><tbody><br>物质<br>所含杂质<br>除杂质选用的试剂或方法<br>A<br>NaCl溶液<br>NaOH<br>滴加足量的稀盐酸<br>B<br>Cu<br>Fe<br>加入适量的稀盐酸并过滤<br>C<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/14/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>CO<br>在氧气中点燃<br>D<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/14/C33BDE800D867632B103C25FB2DA0A2F.png"><br>(固体)<br>CaO(固体)<br>加入足量的水溶解并过滤、洗涤、干燥<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/daa75b6beb1e448fb94f2de6a3979bfd/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/cb0d1dd4346243ed868b8c59935cd049/040C2ED3469E8FA544DE51C2B7A57F7C.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>化学与我们的生活、生产密切相关。下列有关说法不正确的是( )<br>A.白糖、冰糖和红糖的主要成分是蔗糖<br>B.大量施用化肥和农药,有利于提高农作物产量<br>C.炒菜时油锅中的油着火,可用锅盖盖灭<br>D.造成“酸雨”的主要物质是二氧化硫和二氧化氮<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/8f30e1f1297c4696b0d8e4f6a2ea53f4/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/acb5d9f243994740a766c0a0bbf5443c/3E3C4A18C5C01556144674BFD236F3D2.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>实验室用氢氧化钠固体配制10%的氢氧化钠溶液。下列说法不正确的是( )<br>A.所需玻璃仪器有烧杯、玻璃棒、量筒等<br>B.氢氧化钠固体要放在玻璃器皿中称量<br>C.将称量的氢氧化钠固体倒入盛有水的量筒中溶解<br>D.量取水时俯视量筒读数会使所配溶液浓度偏大<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/4b1574e073e2462ea67bb4d685e4f461/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/5d38e429e84849ec961fbb8711a71c57/330F6D5479B6C047495864EC77868120.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>甲、乙两种固体物质的溶解度曲线如图所示。下列说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/25/D9C75C5FC2036547ACF617340E7DCFCE.png"><br>A.甲的溶解度大于乙的溶解度<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/25/E2DFFCE31F449E714AD92CC7B845F785.png"><br>℃时甲、乙的饱和溶液中溶质的质量分数相等<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/25/AEC2B434B02C277523D0994E59897B54.png"><br>℃时乙的饱和溶液降温析出固体后变为不饱和溶液<br>D.将<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/25/E2DFFCE31F449E714AD92CC7B845F785.png"><br>℃时甲、乙的饱和溶液降温到<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/25/AEC2B434B02C277523D0994E59897B54.png"><br>℃,甲析出固体的质量大<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/18f81e545edb446084e30f157440b732/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/eed6b37b363941638aef76fd808d0061/29EEBA682487B2C7C852149D71B22B9D.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列加热高锰酸钾制取氧气的部分操作示意图中,正确的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/10/5C70C1D00BF3EE3E52AF6EDC0A90BFF4.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/10/31BCFA92750A286614DAD352A7CDE00E.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/10/7B90E15E996DB95ABB950D342199517A.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/10/B3244ED80E758256FE08CA0E63B1172A.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/64ed009db57d42ca971777635ad07ff5/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/ad9fb12a99134d2b8dc86c6a9a93b59d/A1738AD358F87E98AC6D7432EB539A50.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>如图所示转化关系中的反应均为初中化学常见的反应。下列选项中甲、乙、丙、丁四种物质间能通过一步反应实现图示转化关系的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/15/28646F2488EF3CD1B919B1C360B68B31.png"><br><tbody><br>选项<br>甲<br>乙<br>丙<br>丁<br>A<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/15/C2C34E258C817EA060955A37A09CA14E.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/15/53DCB02F2927495D25664D94F91F97E6.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/15/082D80F44856B737F86B78C92EC26F4C.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/15/95927DCE0608F0DFD4683D1A0C94FCDF.png"><br>B<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/15/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/15/5020518739833AA0F61A620DBB447C84.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/15/AA5DD1505F1D7A06A012CABC988FF45C.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/15/43916A0CBDACF639905BC5CD89370C97.png"><br>C<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/15/43916A0CBDACF639905BC5CD89370C97.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/15/2039AF70BE121C5C4BC9AA694D4A2A50.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/15/7DB234BC8ABC7F751AB9BAA992EEF152.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/15/AA5DD1505F1D7A06A012CABC988FF45C.png"><br>D<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/15/5C2956DAF2B03FEC8193F357353674E7.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/15/12F5C4AC564AD3765E56094E20CC81FF.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/15/7715D7B85DF1951D46E3C589E1C71B12.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/15/5B8A0DA17C2201985CAAC04144C22122.png"><br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/e849c67775d8493f900d45e4686e5954/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/d6c337abb39f4d788ea3212a5704c155/CB696BF2291FA0E9C109157CAA210BF4.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>能源的利用与社会可持续发展密切相关。<br>①<br>目前,人类以化石燃料为主要能源。常见的化石燃料包括煤、石油和<br>____________<br>。城镇家庭经常用<br>罐装液化石油气作燃料,烹调食物时观察到燃气灶的火焰呈现黄色,锅底出现炭黑,需要将灶具的进风口调大,目的是<br>_____________<br>②<br>各取一小匙木屑和煤粉分开放在一块薄铜片的两侧,加热铜片的中部(如图),可观察到木屑先燃烧,煤粉后燃烧。根据这一现象解释,为什么在生煤火炉时,常点燃木柴来引燃呢?<br>_________________<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/25/7DCA3D6665B43ADEAC654E958125A397.png"><br>③<br>工业上利用甲烷获得新能源氢气,反应的微观示意图如下:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/25/5ADD678768B1F4BF696D922E40332F15.png"><br>请在横线上补全相应微粒的图示<br>__________<br>;生成物<br>C<br>和<br>D<br>的分子个数比是<br>________________<br>。人们正在开发和利用的新能源还有<br>______________________<br>(请<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/a420278c71184397a6713e1338439c66/43D5AF390E89F83D83297D565F93A523.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>为了测定粗盐(混有少量的泥沙及可溶性杂质)中氯化钠的纯度,进行如下操作:<br>①<br>a<br>计算产率,<br>b<br>过滤,<br>c<br>溶解,<br>d<br>蒸发,<br>e<br>称量粗盐<br>,f<br>称量精盐。实验步骤的正确顺序是:<br>________<br>、<br>a<br>(填编号)。<br>②<br>称量时正确的操作次序是<br>_______<br>(填字母序号)。<br>a<br>校正,<br>b<br>去皮,<br>c<br>放称量纸,<br>d<br>放食盐,<br>e<br>读数<br>③<br>过滤时用到的玻璃仪器有玻璃棒、烧杯、<br>_______<br>,其中玻璃棒的作用是<br>_______<br>。实验过程中发现过滤两次滤液仍然浑浊,可能的原因是(写一点)<br>___________<br>④<br>最后得到的精盐属于<br>__________<br>(填<br>“<br>混合物<br>”<br>或<br>“<br>纯净物<br>”<br>)。<br><tbody><br>组别<br><br>产率<br>75%<br>65%<br>88%<br>72%<br>教师评价<br>偏低<br>偏低<br>偏高<br>偏低<br></tbody><br>⑤<br>已知:产率<br>=<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/28/941530D3D04721DFA122EC9AD7024D13.png"><br>×100%<br>。各小组的产率及评价如下,对造成产率偏高或偏低的原因分析,正确的是<br>________<br>A<br>第<br>组:烧杯里的食盐未溶解完就开始过滤<br>B<br>第<br>组:没有蒸发干,精盐中仍然有水分<br>C<br>第<br>组:滤液浑浊就开始蒸发<br>D<br>第<br>组:过滤时滤液高于滤纸的边缘<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/1accffc374cf41649e0e2159aac1ebc4/1DCF851731CAD9683C082CD68791EC81.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/535c6184cfe4460b8ca7ddbd5352ed8f/F261A3B79110938958B9E8D03C35EBCC.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>纳米零价铁(单质铁)在环保领域应用广泛,以菱铁矿(主要成分为<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/16/3E893F624E1A3342B2009D445462F6DA.png"><br>,不考虑杂质)为原料,制备纳米零价铁的反应为<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/16/CFD3D497B75A1EE4A55A9C30DB658CD4.png"><br>。反应一段时间后,<br>某学习<br>小组对剩余固体的成分进行探究。<br>【提出问题】剩余固体的成分是什么?<br>【做出猜想】剩余固体的成分<br>:<br>猜想<br>一<br>:<br>Fe<br>猜想二:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/16/3E893F624E1A3342B2009D445462F6DA.png"><br>猜想三:<br>_<br>____________<br>【实验探究】该学习小组利用下图装置,对剩余固体成分进行探究,实验操作<br>及现象<br>如下。回答下列问题。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/16/5E83B35ABD13E8B9C9F4A24EE64BE9C0.png"><br>(<br>)装置<br>C<br>中浓硫酸的作用是<br>_<br>__________<br>;<br>(<br>)向装置<br>A<br>中加入稀硫酸后,<br>A<br>中产生气泡且溶液变为浅绿色,小<br>芳同学<br>判断猜想<br>一<br>正确,小<br>刚同学<br>认为小芳的判断不合理,理由是<br>_<br>__________<br>(<br>)装置<br>B<br>中溶液变浑浊,说明<br>_<br>__________<br>;<br>(<br>)观察到装置<br>D<br>中黑色粉末变红色,反应的化学方程式是<br>_<br>__________<br>【实验结论】猜想<br>_<br>__________<br>正确。<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/b45594d5a079489cb6212817390b7841/3B3B1509BFD8BFEB32BE68ED51FA9D67.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/965a039dcc204f098dcdf9819a5e94e1/BBD0401C5EEBD09CB5E7B6EC5B29A023.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：较难<br>甲班学生做完实验室制备氧气和还原金属氧化物的实验后,剩余物质倒入同一废液缸里。乙班课外兴趣小组同学进行了如图所示的探究。请回答:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/D28D7E2677721473792804D5AD63F904.png"><br>1.步骤①的操作名称是___________,所用到的玻璃仪器有漏斗、玻璃棒和___________。<br>2.由步骤②实验现象推知,甲班同学制取氧气所用的固体反应物是___________(写化学式)。3.由步骤④所得溶液加入氢氧化钠可得红棕色沉淀,该反应的化学方程式为______________________。4.由步骤③产生的气体判断固体A中一定含有___________(写名称);综合步骤③④现象推理,固体A中还可能含有的物质是______________________(写至少两种物质的化学式)。5.根据上述实验和分析判断固体是___________(写化学式)。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/88e3e3de16654e6c971388c0a97512d2/B3BC7E46F2AC0457B8C7EEC553650DAC.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/0c13806d5c474e9ab3d5320232f3bedf/7EB4CEB37C403870E4994B15BB6C1163.png"><br><br>※题型：计算题※知识点：计算题※试题难度：中等<br>某化学兴趣小组的同学在实验室发现一瓶含有<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/410694FB5B13F2A4E3A469530E1EBAF8.png"><br>和<br>HCl<br>的混合溶液,为确定混合溶液中氯化镁的含量,取<br>份混合溶液各<br>100g<br>,向每份混合溶液中加入一定质量的<br>2%NaOH<br>溶液,得到实验数据如表所示:<br><tbody><br>实验编号<br>①<br>②<br>③<br>④<br>NaOH<br>溶液质量<br>/g<br>10.0<br>20.0<br>30.0<br>40.0<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/860E0DE1FD8107FBFA0AFA7E46C0BFDB.png"><br>质量<br>/g<br>0.116<br>0.261<br>0.290<br>n<br></tbody><br>1.实验__________(填实验编号)中氯化镁完全反应。<br>n<br>的值为__________。<br>2.计算100g混合溶液中<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/410694FB5B13F2A4E3A469530E1EBAF8.png"><br>这种溶质的质量分数?(写出计算过程)。<br>3.分析实验数据,在“下图”中,画出向100g混合溶液中逐渐加入2%NaOH溶液质量0~30.0g过程中,产生<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/860E0DE1FD8107FBFA0AFA7E46C0BFDB.png"><br>沉淀质量对应的变化图,并标注必要的数值。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/3E3636F1E3C53418A85A2E23FF4E17CF.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/c373dd0765db4a7c99803d37fd6b96bd/A14D450A1594F6CA496822E646FACA32.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/84d349a32e98471a8a4e03a64b75197a/6C404765AC44C22ACD3BB5130C73F5DB.png"><br><br>
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