2021届中考化学仿真模拟卷 河南地区专用
※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>郑州人爱吃“羊肉烩面”,其中的烩面为人体补充的营养素主要是( )<br>A.蛋白质 B.糖类 C.维生素 D.油脂<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/3a0042c7a9f74871bf4e527b27e73281/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/1218e039f5a04f88874c41ed93f74a11/3F012543D01FB9385EF9FF78A2DE9D2B.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:较易<br>下列变化中,属于化学变化的是( )<br>A.铁水铸成锅<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/13/10B17C057ED50C39AADA59328D8F0498.png"><br>B.折纸鹤<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/13/8AB7256716A9CE8E60CB7DBEE852DD38.png"><br>C.烧陶器<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/13/7850975AC27F9AD23117B4EF7F04FE7C.png"><br>D.编制中国结<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/13/FF31EBDF7F0F20E3109AF8586A58D7F6.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/393cb962037143dc8d421077e1f8abc6/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/462148dec16343e3923eac7aaad55063/ABDC3A20ED065160469271F5D031E6DD.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>下列各组物质中,都是由离子构成的一组是( )<br>A.汞、水 B.铜、硅<br>C.氯化钠、硫酸铜 D.氨、干冰<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/ae8b21d207b14b1d907fdb28b0c6b2e9/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/1fdad1dc43bc44208e643e4b5d4742bd/D5E89AD9AC396650A677AD429ADAE0CE.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>下列有关水的说法中,不正确的是( )<br>A.用简易装置制取蒸馏水时,需加少量碎瓷片<br>B.在电解水时,正极和负极产生气体的分子个数比为2:1<br>C.地球上水资源丰富,但是可直接利用的淡水资源很少<br>D.活性炭可用于吸附水中色素和异味<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/d412eaeb00fe4bcfbd236e6773c3b37e/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/b60fe3d8fadb41479760639e9a17003c/7F398BDBFFFE025A2C34E597FA0A741D.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>食品包装袋经常使用到铝箔,铝能制成铝箔是因为铝具有良好的( )<br>A.导电性 B.抗腐蚀性 C.导热性 D.延展性<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/f2bd531f8b6d4febb177d77916e66af2/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>下列实验操作正确的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/29/67B6A7EF799A51CA377640F1BA72E655.png"><br>倾倒液体<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/29/4F96D25B57AB45B88BA5B57D97BF0A80.png"><br>收集氧气<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/29/9D75120831B62A775224D605868CCEF6.png"><br>加热液体<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/29/BACEE700035A493517D3B4FAD01CE3AA.png"><br>稀释浓硫酸<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/957bfe6ed9434a6ea25f869284f8f0f9/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/8b30389ba3854fe4a317937f3d3ef818/B85474CDE364695975456B797B5F710A.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:容易<br>下列能源属于不可再生能源的是( )<br>A.沼气和酒精 B.石油和太阳能<br>C.氢气和天然气 D.煤和可燃冰<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/f47ea648281c4e0da8b61d6cd0234ff8/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/09a10e60025f47eb820f3d75136c4e66/BBED23488E3578FFE1F1CCA3B8677925.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>银杏果中含舍有银杏酸(化学式为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/15/5AB01E71E16BD28D13A721E957E28213.png"><br>),下列有关银杏酸说法正确的是( )<br>A.银香酸分子由碳、氢、氧三种元素组成<br>B.银杏酸由22个碳原子、34个氢原子和3个氧原子构成<br>C.银杏酸中氢元素的质量分数最小<br>D.银杏酸中碳元素和氧元素的质量比为22:3<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/0b9e19dc61c04d3ab1dab66fd1f00b34/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>下图是甲、乙的溶解度曲线。下列说法不正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/31/B04EE43692AF73113D6CC1AA7E3B7D73.png"><br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/31/FCCD9596601883BB3311EAC823C6623F.png"><br>℃时,乙的溶解度大于甲的溶解度<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/31/BFD72B8D015C6E67E1C3E17DE297996F.png"><br>℃时,甲、乙饱和溶液中溶质的质量分数相等<br>C.降低温度能使接近饱和的甲溶液变为饱和溶液<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/31/5F873203FC8CA51A39E7B4B25D1237FE.png"><br>℃时,75g甲的饱和溶液中加入50g水,可以得到质量分数为25%的溶液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/34d5ea6bbc6b48939ad6b8f37a4ce51b/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/017de8799cd8463992c92da4bb443642/D7BE0E0610037A74B6FB64D8EF579427.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>某化合物在一定条件下与<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/7/CE3FB2E68B350B28E5B76D176FE3FE33.png"><br>反应,生成<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/7/FFADA5F19AA4D4614F9C6B59C27E9FFB.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/7/EC3292BA20EA95699E445A75CBF39462.png"><br>,由此得出的关于该物质元素组成的结论中,不正确的是( )<br>A.一定含有氮元素 B.一定含有氢元素<br>C.一定含有氧元素 D.可能含有氧元素<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/f2fa6839d7b44a1898f7fb8761ac1147/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/0d266bd9a07e49969601063d9f64a905/5B62715FB5004C671AAEF30D5B472FA3.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:较易<br>分类法是化学学习和研究的重要方法之一。下列分类正确的是( )<br>A.碱:纯碱、生石灰<br>B.复合肥:尿素、磷酸二氢铵<br>C.有机物:碳酸、醋酸<br>D.合成材料:塑料、合成橡胶<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/c1dc23c848bb4e0ba972bb73043794ed/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/10e4477a04f448a6a4f732552f3d940e/1A2219B87987882F7976AD7B4ABB3C0E.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>2020年,中国航天再次开启“超级模式”,完成39次航天发射。其中一种火箭推进剂在火箭发射过程中发生反应的微观过程如下图所示,下列说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/7/7D5AEE8FE6DA28452C7887F26A6A129A.png"><br>A.甲的化学式为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/7/4DFB8F0E078BDC07EF569A7A174E9CCB.png"><br>B.该反应属于置换反应<br>C.甲和乙都是氧化物<br>D.生成21g丙的同时生成18g丁<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/6584f5bbaecc49cc868c90d3c4780636/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/5831bb422caf4620a955cfd779313447/DEC6A88A6F0BFB1E25B2CA9AC2BC875F.png"><br><br>※题型:单选题※知识点:单选题※试题难度:中等<br>某校研究性学习小组的同学为了对<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/18/DF8D1F2CE85047778CAD6D5ACA0B6575.png"><br>进行研究,他们取其中一种合金的粉末5.6<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/18/D0452A70D38F27AD42619B8C0CFC62E6.png"><br>,与足量的稀硫酸充分反应,经测定,产生了0.38<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/18/D0452A70D38F27AD42619B8C0CFC62E6.png"><br>气体。则该合金可能是( )。A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/18/3BB493FA1A678C5434C1C5EABD44D636.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/18/7FF1A56D1658418E803FF3611C8BEDBC.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/18/B9D24D492B4499FAE46A0D0A8B0EF1E4.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/18/BBC1B4E66F2A534A07045767A6882E75.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/019daadbd2b04b3b9ce73d24e687c346/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/cc5dd9b8407f4ed0be058a0f0114dbad/7571E199D566C4B6049FE4B5D67AE592.png"><br><br>※题型:填空题※知识点:填空题※试题难度:较易<br>空气中体积分数约为<br>78%<br>的气体是<br>_<br>_________<br>;地壳中含量居前两位的元素所形成化合物的化学式为<br>_<br>_________<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/856655812b6f4ebd97d74bb007e3edfd/16DB40AE66CFB3FEB7BB4135A0C99B90.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/6ccdcb67a96a48ed8eee98c9644442c1/CA7672601E4457BC1CA05A7D57CAAB3D.png"><br><br>※题型:填空题※知识点:填空题※试题难度:中等<br>如图为碳原子结构示意图,<br>常温下碳的<br>化学性质<br>(填“活泼”或“不活泼”),其微观原因是<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/21/EB46A90B532043DAA11DB5FAC9D1BCCC.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/cd93c1472986495e97ad46a93acd5630/5038E4A3D11BE2E50D1378282C2AF864.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:填空题※知识点:填空题※试题难度:较易<br>请在下面空格上填写“大于”“小于”或“等于”。<br>1.用托盘天平称量药品,右盘上的砝码为5g,游码在0.6g的位置上,指针偏向左,所称药品的质量5.6g。2.某同学用量筒量取液体,量筒放平且面对刻度线,仰视液体凹液面最低处,读数为11mL,则该同学实际量取的液体体积11mL。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/786320b7812f4e24bb95f53193dd083b/9CA420B1C5FEE5D74F94722C647B213D.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/6e0eb904104447bbb0037529f4443961/CA0F1D52A8D6CBE703D676E2DCF8F0CF.png"><br><br>※题型:问答题※知识点:问答题※试题难度:较易<br>用如图所示装置探究燃烧的条件。已知:白磷的着火点为<br>40℃<br>,红磷的着火点为<br>240℃<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/15/EC470C972593E786632A18C1F5C199AF.png"><br>1.当<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/15/E947C2E36CD3B4692A2CC3A67A71F96C.png"><br>溶液与<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/15/19DB00263A67B64F8C686CD794139E8F.png"><br>接触时,发生反应的化学方程式为______________。<br>2.向Y型管中挤入<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/15/E947C2E36CD3B4692A2CC3A67A71F96C.png"><br>溶液后,观察到导管口开始产生气泡时,烧杯中白磷不燃烧;一段时间后,白磷燃烧,此现象能够证明的可燃物燃烧的条件是________________。3.列举至少一条微型实验的优点:_______________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/867c1bd6d4a14543b3833461f4bb93b3/CA7F57266503FB1BDAF12E4B6DFE7527.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:填空题※知识点:填空题※试题难度:中等<br>熄灭酒精灯时用灯帽盖灭,其灭火原理是<br>_<br>____________<br>;酒精完全燃烧的化学方程式为<br>_<br>____________<br>;高温条件下,<br>10.8g<br>某种铁的氧化物正好与<br>4.2g<br>一氧化碳完全反应,则该氧化物中铁元素与氧元素的质量比为<br>_<br>____________<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/a3074f05c59042369467ef201772849d/F6032BBD826759B3C838A3B34897D2AB.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:问答题※知识点:问答题※试题难度:中等<br>物质<br>A<br>~<br>F<br>之间的关系如图(<br>“→”<br>表示一步反应的转化)。其中<br>B<br>、<br>C<br>、<br>D<br>为常温下状态各不相同的氧化物,<br>D<br>是二氧化碳,<br>A<br>为<br>D<br>光合作用的产物之一。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/25/34AB8CE3BAB6B005CF87800BCDB49C56.png"><br>1.物质A为____(填化学式)。<br>2.写出“B→C”的化学方程式:____(写一个)。3.①若D、E组成元素相同,则关于F的分析正确的是____(填标号)。a一定是单质b可为固、液、气态不同物质c一定含氧元素②若E为碳酸盐,则“F→E”的化学方程式为____(写一个)。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/4a1819f6fc0144d891d9924d76725bd2/780C4E5E6E254F318C5775EF9495EA24.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:问答题※知识点:问答题※试题难度:中等<br>结合化学知识回答下列问题。<br>1.金刚石与石墨物理性质差异较大的原因是___________。<br>2.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/22/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>与CO的化学性质有很大不同的原因是___________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/4d005579fd954ec78b1756b1fe9cfa11/A0F23BECAD89137F461461239711FEFD.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型:问答题※知识点:问答题※试题难度:中等<br>氧气的化学性质比较活泼,能支持燃烧。<br>1.如何验证一瓶无色气体是氧气?2.可燃物燃烧的剧烈程度与氧气的浓度有关,任举一例加以说明。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/3c86191ad44d4e05a38153208a3d6d15/1FF2E84284E876FD2B31D19D969553DD.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/d1738472ae3f43abad7f203d9f4b33d4/755B47A3C16B4A025A002D7D7C5DBD1D.png"><br><br>※题型:问答题※知识点:问答题※试题难度:中等<br>将锌粉加入到一定质量<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/A5C332C77315A742B3681644C27D276B.png"><br>和<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/C09DD76B9792A4D62AC4145DC76E807C.png"><br>的混合溶液中,充分反应后过滤,可以得到溶液和固体。<br>1.写出会导致溶液质量变小的有关反应的化学方程式。<br>2.若所得溶液中只含有一种溶质,请分析所得固体的成分。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/8a2ccb8144044f24a7ba6f47940841cb/CE45CA4729ABD60C164F48E3AD8CDD58.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/4ecd17b1a0cb4aac9688af0eab9b1cd6/B5CEF6BF714074E4DE843A8D38DC7A67.png"><br><br>※题型:实验题※知识点:实验题※试题难度:中等<br>如图是实验室制取气体的常用装置。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/7/EE9813720F28BBF066EFB5D868A3C50D.png"><br>1.写出一个用A装置或B装置制取气体的化学方程式。<br>2.加热无水醋酸钠和碱石灰的固体混合物可制取甲烷,甲烷极难溶于水,制取甲烷应选用的一套装置为_________(填字母代号)。<br>3.若用右图装置收集一瓶氢气,请将方框中的导管补画完整。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/7/7B79014A3C436AAB409A894A92CF77C8.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/c91e6870545544d09d081b19f2870f27/96B1B07ED3AE23906463551FDD17192D.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/da51bccf6d0e481b8c44ebe3a0c9f270/F0AA7B1704201D83B02E48EF5ED7FC33.png"><br><br>
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