重庆市九龙坡区2020届九年级上学期期末考试化学试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>“展国威、扬军威”的国庆70周年阅兵活动中,下列欢庆情景一定有化学变化的是( )<br>A.焰火表演 B.放飞和平鸽 C.挥舞国旗 D.演奏军乐<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/15d1061577d840878de825bd6fc39c54/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/bb47e0325fc54658bb877d838ef1e083/A8FAFAC1BF5E7B5ED398536094E65E1A.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>生活中处处有化学。下列说法或做法中,错误的是( )<br>A.启用闲置的地窖前先进行灯火实验<br>B.用打火机检查天然气是否泄漏<br>C.炒菜时,油锅不慎着火迅速用锅盖盖灭<br>D.通过煮沸可以降低井水的硬度<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/649e1f1ff33e4566bed8516388dfe7f0/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/5937682604c0473687587e587a759e01/DE52EF1F3200C1BD90025E4A8A5DAA3D.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>用分子的观点对下列现象的解释,错误的是( )<br>A.冬日腊梅飘香—分子在不断地运动<br>B.变瘪的乒乓球放在热水中又鼓起来—分子的大小随温度升高而增大<br>C.食物腐烂一分子本身发生了变化,变成别的物质的分子<br>D.汽油挥发—分子间的间隔变大<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/8e9db0513613489983d6f90f33fb1b89/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/541f69f52f0541c19e36ead29a488342/3E79AC0A8C51A6BB2664E6B26D62AC18.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列实验操作正确的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/EF510B1699C6495E3B9B0B6425471E2C.png"><br>检验氢气纯度<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/70FA63F0F1C545150BE28BB3882DB470.png"><br>熄灭酒精灯<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/F796F874D3A131264FBE526382DB9B1C.png"><br>氧气验满<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/E4C7B2D59002B1F6B8ABBD068ED3D9B2.png"><br>倾倒液体<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/2ec223760b9b46f1a0121e615e2006e6/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/7fe55fe666e944fda61d12ab9f3f992c/FAA1329A9182BA7D2D2E6B2269E9B642.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列物质的用途与该物质的化学性质有关的是( )<br>A.用铜丝作导电线<br>B.金刚石用于制造切割工具<br>C.活性炭用于冰箱除臭<br>D.食品包装中充氮气以防腐<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/f4bf971054604208a8202066282d4943/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/2aec105e264c40e18d883143e690e877/87C4DE52D43E1D03F53CCF6BC400CA87.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>对下列化学用语中数字“2”含义的说法正确的是( )<br>①2CO ②<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/220723BC34337758445FEFCAB7E2A3E2.png"><br>③2N ④<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/693D8F22585039AB1AA0699329A5D84A.png"><br>⑤<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/E0649A095579E265136408099C3B9D62.png"><br>⑥<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/2B16F55F3F0FB99F994C9D66BF7C2DDD.png"><br>⑦<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/EDB13CADACDD0611FCC469162027418E.png"><br>A.表示分子个数的是①②<br>B.表示离子所带电荷数的是④⑤<br>C.表示离子个数的是④⑥<br>D.表示分子中原子个数的是③⑦<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/e6c526e3d6c7476cbbefda03546ea5da/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/fc155ab285124b1faacdacba5791530f/A2ED1D52EF2479CBC32621577C521147.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>我国科学家屠呦哟因发现和研制了青蒿素(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/FF0002CE412F64B0264BBB3932A262BD.png"><br>)而荣获诺贝尔奖。下列说法正确的是( )<br>A.一个青蒿素分子中有11个氢分子<br>B.青蒿素中氢元素的质量分数最大<br>C.青蒿素由15个碳原子、22个氢原子和5个氧原子构成<br>D.青蒿素的相对分子质量为282<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/b4f99d5889674ecc839d50db1af907e1/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/ae35a44a3ef24d93b9d88031173ba9c2/33D7AF246BEAC2627B7212502225EE82.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>中国芯片制作的主要原料为晶体硅(Si)。硅元素在元素周期表中的信息和原子结构示意图如图所示。下列说法错误的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/CF28905E91C2C2894CDD9A19048C0527.png"><br>A.硅属于非金属元素<br>B.硅属于第三周期元素<br>C.硅原子的相对原子质量为28.09g<br>D.硅是由原子直接构成<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/e2b6bae5ce0c4ad5b66b0e1c771efdd1/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/09b48da55913458ab5b7a81e41d1c769/84F757A0EA10F89666422B7830F277C4.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>某同学制作的试剂标签如下,其中化学式书写正确的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/9/49A85811EA9335D78B4127F620BB9E49.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/9/8FCBB99BAF7B4DB4DD52EDA37DD57BE9.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/9/8435CCF0702C01E2CD5AC4DAA9A37A0F.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/9/E9A93F703348AD6E1A4CE587A22567BA.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/4a390e7a21a2438e9c9d858830c7e1d8/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/0e7c53492d594ed4bab15a780e68c86b/6CF61CA75A89EC348BD95377945CD4FE.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>工业上常利用铝热反应冶炼金属锰,反应原理为:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/B9AC77BF412FC5CD37FA5F810C544B02.png"><br>,其中被还原的物质是( )<br>A.Mn<br>B.Al<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/19DB00263A67B64F8C686CD794139E8F.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/0FBDF0520703FB10D44B2529CC455ED3.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/11e26246f79c45cf95ef3854ae9261bc/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/b96f7f15914043589d6d756220e6f8e9/3B145A574308AFAB1E0D2EBB5603CE93.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>有甲、乙、丙三种金属,如果将甲、乙、丙分别放入硫酸铜溶液中,一段时间后,乙、丙表面出现红色物质,甲没有明显现象;再将大小相同的乙、丙分别放入相同浓度的稀盐酸中,乙、丙均产生气泡,但丙产生气泡的速度明显快于乙,则甲、乙、丙三种金属的活动性顺序是( )<br>A.丙>乙>甲 B.甲>丙>乙<br>C.丙>甲>乙 D.甲>乙>丙<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/c2b36ea44bbb4a23bef2ac70f0d25170/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/fdf1f1e5d832454faf170983e5aab8c0/479864C23702D3B1A40EC3826D90AEE6.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>钠着火不能用二氧化碳灭火。钠在二氧化碳中燃烧生成单质碳和一种白色固体,该白色固体可能是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/996D81C497C6D76B4B7CF28DBC8C23D9.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/049D802E7350A56DC61AAD18655E5681.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/69006AE9978DAE1FF1136A3E55851AD2.png"><br>D.NaOH<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/cc29d816134e4262947c6ce283edcde0/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/d1070fc8db1042b8958f64e8d14f40c9/A82EEF2F27E9EA94540539C67D0468CC.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>逻辑推理是一种重要的化学思维方法,下列推理合理的是( )<br>A.在同一化合物中,金属元素显正价,则非金属元素一定显负价<br>B.化学变化伴随着能量变化则有能量变化的一定是化学变化<br>C.单质含有一种元素,则含有一种元素的纯净物一定是单质<br>D.催化剂的质量在反应前后不变,则在反应前后质量不变的物质一定是该反应的催化剂<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/77ceacd1d7804124b70aabf2c982fcc3/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/205f75b4c2714d76ae36230b3269d7f7/B7E786BC3FF43DEE2884F7744EE84B7C.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>下图是某种加碘食盐包装标签上的部分内容<br>.<br>请回答下列问题<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/B1E471DEA59225B053D1F0D9ED0582AA.png"><br>1.构成氯化钠的基本微粒是离子,则钠离子的化学符号为_________,氯原子的结构示意图为_________________。<br>2.食用该食盐可补充钙元素____________(用元素符号表示)3.标出碘酸钾中碘元素的化合价______________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/ba3e39564795453fb3cfc2283603af3d/161173593D3E815D0663081643637942.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/8b527d7a0273448284a577af4630e9ad/056A6164FCCD934B090A0A98C40784CB.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：较易<br>空气、水是我们赖以生存的重要资源。<br>1.氧气约占空气体积的___________。<br>2.实验室中常用红磷燃烧来测量空气中氢气的体积含量,反应的化学方程式为:_________。3.从长江里取出的“水”属于_________(填纯净物或混合物).4.“节约用水,人人有责”,下列生活中节水措施错误的是_______(填标号).A洗脸刷牙,随手关水B洗菜用水,用来浇花C少喝水以节约用水D水管漏水,及时修理<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/a4e543812fe14ba8bf1d97d3a8d3e5f6/A7C25FFFCE6537C29EB94BEE5C3C2D59.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/75688b5fb1114a7e9295299958c3fa82/254C18FF8B25BC4D152D0A0FA29FD9F7.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>现代社会对能源的需求量越来越大,能源的开发和利用备受人类关注。<br>1.化石燃料包括煤、__________、天然气。<br>2.随着时代的发展,我市许多地区家用燃料都历经了如下更新历程:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/B95B3F173F9FE589EFCBDF209C72E129.png"><br>①将煤隔绝空气加热,可以分解得到焦炭、煤焦油、煤气等,煤气的主要成分为氢气、甲烷、一氢化碳,通常说的煤气中毒是因为煤气里面含有_________(填化学式)造成的;甲烷(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/CDE08DE09A11174D3A8CC4A13B43D038.png"><br>)在空气中完全燃烧的化学方程式为_______________.②以上燃料中,碳的质量分数越大,燃烧时产生的黑烟越多,煤(含碳元素质量分数90%以上)、液化石油气、天然气三种燃料燃烧过程中产生黑烟最少的应该是_________(填名称)。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/cbd6a58fde1d4ebab25941890d4ea07e/AAFE08EB87BA18CE2DDC6A2210468856.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/1c7fcd93cb0a4d18bd16ab0dc3cbe495/EA602F62D65777C784EFB47370B25D28.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>我国科学家研究发现由<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>高效转化为甲醇(<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/F7AF274542AC5B3D801B9CE8973939F9.png"><br>)的新技术。该反应的微观过程如图所示,请推断出物质丁并回答下列问题:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/D081BAE5A4B581134E82A01437E54F00.png"><br>1.上述甲→丁四种物质中属于氧化物的有________(填化学式).<br>2.写出该反应的化学方程式__________________.3.类比乙醇的燃烧,写出甲醇在空气中完全燃烧的化学方程式_____________。4.若22g<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>全部转化为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/F7AF274542AC5B3D801B9CE8973939F9.png"><br>,且反应中其它物质均不含碳元养,可生成<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/F7AF274542AC5B3D801B9CE8973939F9.png"><br>的______g。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/ab3ab3a7547c4246b3cacabe783f0f4a/1FF3283629FCE790AC6814374D069104.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/e9039dc042414e84ad40f3247d9adcb3/AF00CB8292CB348DF298DA23742603E5.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>下图是初中化学课堂中出现的装置,<br>请据图<br>回答:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/EAF7633FE811616422EF4F273510AD69.png"><br>(<br>)四个图中均含有同一种仪器,它的名称是<br>_______________.<br>(<br>)<br>写出图<br>中发生反应的化学方程式<br>__________________<br>(<br>)由图<br>可以得出的实验结论是<br>__________<br>(<br>)图<br>中<br>a<br>试管装有白磷和空气、<br>b<br>试管装有红磷和空气,烧杯中盛有<br>80℃<br>热水,底部有一小块白磷,可以得出<br>“<br>可燃物燃烧需要氧气<br>”<br>的实验对比现象是<br>_______________<br>(<br>)图<br>实验中铁钉最易生锈的部位是<br>________<br>(填<br>①<br>、<br>②<br>或<br>③<br>)。<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/8b4845a19f324bb0a8c2dc70eefe3677/1CD137B834FED2BEC30E365FF874D322.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/d54c273da42e41ec958e2cd00e3ed7ca/EEB9EA32620639231FB52B265D3A9460.png"><br><br>※题型：计算题※知识点：计算题※试题难度：中等<br>化学兴趣小组为<br>测定某铜锌<br>合金中成分金属的含量,称取<br>10g<br>样品放入烧杯中,向其中加入<br>100g<br>稀硫酸,样品中的锌恰好完全反应,此时测得烧杯内物质的总质量为<br>109.8g<br>。请完成下列分析及计算:<br>1.硫酸(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/12/022320F764A526311DCDA3EBFFF86FEA.png"><br>)中硫元素的质量分数为__________。<br>2.反应中共生成气体_______g。3.计算样品中铜的质量分数。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/be37acf77af14f61a5e034d730988009/E3817873DB630B0A61819CC5BB2CA8C4.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/c51f96effcf14932aadc878293e87598/229C31156905AC39B046B56CD56466AB.png"><br><br>
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