重庆市荣昌区2020届九年级上学期期末考试化学试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>丝绸之路将我国古代的技术传送到了国外。下列我国古代生产工艺中没有发生化学变化的是( )<br>A.纺纱织布 B.矿石炼铁 C.高粱酿酒 D.烧制瓷器<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/a8f30814ee674ac696c00a35e5d7b04a/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/16c483beba2e4cdcaf49f3ba081d5608/5F45E2F30101E76BB239A4E6FCD15D33.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列物质的用途主要由其物理性质决定的是( )<br>A.二氧化碳灭火 B.碳素墨水书写档案<br>C.氮气用于食品防腐 D.金刚石切割大理石<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/8725bddf3a064817844de6b4e39356f4/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/a28607353a964e44b10bb4c9a900b1cf/B39EAEDF74B79F50F16481394CFB699E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>加碘盐中的“碘”指的是( )<br>A.碘单质 B.碘原子 C.碘分子 D.碘元素<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/835f09a27ade4734a72925f887caaf3e/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/61207e658f514ba1b3226bec7e89d5dc/65A68555C4EECF4A8CD7F8DBD8A365BA.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>下列物质由离子构成的是( )<br>A.氧气 B.水 C.氯化钠 D.金刚石<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/5ed50762927d406394e5fe02a833f759/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/881acccc552c44aa9a9ec2537a5ad017/9A3FCB12A9C92F4BC2DE927DDB33BBE9.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>正确的实验操作对实验结果、人身安全都非常重要。下列实验操作正确的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/D1E56601A36282450307B3C723F653A3.png"><br>过滤<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/1DFCF89D7DC97815B45D7EDFFEA8F9DC.png"><br>取用固体粉末<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/707C95974A9FEFA9609E6471C1E91BD1.png"><br>闻气体的气味<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/39943490DE764C2FFCF7075AED0E17E5.png"><br>加热液体<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/67aece7e70c144f781bb9db93959cc04/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/51b0ad3cee4c4af6ad02a1c72b525111/CFE25D426F62F225ABF0B0CBBE46D359.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列有关水的说法错误的是( )<br>A.煮沸可以降低水的硬度<br>B.提高水的利用率可以节约水资源<br>C.水通电分解生成两种单质<br>D.自来水厂净水过程中只发生物理变化<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/82f71570db2f4ad0809f9882a7d6ca1e/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/fedbd66828094dab96e700ff090a3c7f/9A56EE97263C668F6AEB77E22D2DC2C3.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/3/43916A0CBDACF639905BC5CD89370C97.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/3/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>总与我们如影随形,下列关于它们的叙述中不正确的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/3/43916A0CBDACF639905BC5CD89370C97.png"><br>具有助燃性,而<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/3/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>可用来灭火<br>B.空气中<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/3/43916A0CBDACF639905BC5CD89370C97.png"><br>过多无害,而<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/3/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>过多会形成酸雨<br>C.它们都可以用向上排空气法收集<br>D.自然界里它们可以通过光合作用和呼吸作用相互转化<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/9c2cd564a9844c9096260893254b6387/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/21578031d50440798708201f5e54a83a/61DA6015A361B2BAE6A07D6E4724AC73.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>关于物质的组成与结构的说法中,正确的是( )。A.物质都是由分子构成<br>B.原子得到电子形成阳离子<br>C.空气是由氮气、氧气、二氧化碳等组成的混合物<br>D.一个<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/EC3292BA20EA95699E445A75CBF39462.png"><br>分子是由两个氢元素和一个氧元素组成<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/22014c4c270847aca6b791f4e06ac3ac/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列物质的名称与对应的化学式,其中错误的是( )<br>A.生石灰:CaO<br>B.硫酸:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/022320F764A526311DCDA3EBFFF86FEA.png"><br>C.氢氧化镁;<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/20FDA8B92EBA8B408024FDDB3E1DC09C.png"><br>D.硝酸铜:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/9C5A4A764CB3F80CD73954A87502CBF4.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/9acce37e457e4fe6b5551703bc81d89a/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/4f0aef79e2a24bc89adda5ab529b257a/3E773714D2FADF2264C05AC2A18520E5.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列化学方程式书写正确且和描述相符的是( )<br>A.电解水实验:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/FD967414FC28DF33EA92768B9AF1214C.png"><br>B.有铜生成的置换反应:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/3A8FF48FE4788500B94D26E51C90A36C.png"><br>C.燃烧红磷测定空气中氧气的含量:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/1F12FEE84C48DA4E96B396D0E7765034.png"><br>D.工业上以赤铁矿为原料炼铁:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/A3E8B24F31182C181CC177AB4E6A5E3B.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/a4c291fe7f3c4a3d8211d15fad2b01fb/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/1ee6c516de8745fe946c633cc3fa84bb/878C6018C845E91DBFC39D7BBEB826D1.png"><br><br>※题型：多选题※知识点：多选题※试题难度：中等<br>“宏观辨识与微观探析”是化学学科的核心素养之。下列说法不正确的是( )<br>A.化学变化中,分子和原子的种类都不发生改变<br>B.冰雪融化的过程中水分子之间的间隔发生了变化<br>C.同种分子构成的物质是纯净物<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/C1FBB14F1DE84C6968428E376A5BCE56.png"><br>和3N中的“3”都表示微粒的个数<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/9fecc22d518b4e85ba7be47926dbdd46/4D602B79606E3B65829E8D0313A702E6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/fb9c866d29e34efea4e6fce503ce30b8/E474D126EBB3F6114B6EDE4318BC6959.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：较易<br>化学用语是学习化学的重要工具,是国际通用语言。请用适当的化学用语填空。<br>1.两个氮原子_______________________。<br>2.硫酸钠_____________________。3.3个碳酸根离子_____________________。4.二氧化锰中锰元素显+4价_____________________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/67b7089d34614e3198798bd45d6da788/28947162DC0794C64F93087397AEC840.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/f25c9ae204d14fe28280dd6d8cdae4d2/4038E31F5E497AED08D9659CE5C63361.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>如图是元素周期表的一部分,试回答下列问题<br>:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/EA78583281C0523E9D2D1024E2E044F7.png"><br>1.写出①所示原子结构示意图______________________。<br>2.氯离子的最外层电子数是____________________。3.②所示元素与③所示元素形成化合物的化学式是____________________。4.地壳中含量最多的金属元素位于周期表的第_______________周期。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/c7db16ae398644b7b9005b35e97fc43c/868ABA32B009E4B5048D239FDB2CDE5B.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/671b031bcc5e4da78f7510495b33af20/A44D4797D93C2198FDD01C27E40FD7DA.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>碳元素是组成许多物质的基本元素,回答下列含碳元素的有关问题。<br>1.倡导“低碳”生活,主要为了减少___________________的排放量,<br>2.检验二氧化碳,常用澄清石灰水,写出该反应的化学方程式____________________。3.天然气(主要成分是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/CDE08DE09A11174D3A8CC4A13B43D038.png"><br>),作燃料___________________(用化学方程式表示),4.为减少温室气体<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>的排放,科学家将<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/BDF900345AF09A3015F45B2669FF3895.png"><br>在催化剂和加热条件下反应,转化为水和甲烷,该反应的化学方程式为____________________。5.金刚石和石墨的物理性质差异较大,主要原因是____________________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/b78761ecc8f547208dd5a5b7efb9dcfc/65483314D8E043C3C429D2794BDBEDBD.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/135fdc3de1634da8a9659918698b23a9/7656A31B53962CEDA8F43D07314A700F.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>化学与人类生活、生产活动息息相关。根据所学化学知识回答下列问题<br>:<br>1.生活中常用___________________来区分硬水和软水。<br>2.厨房油锅着火,盖上锅盖可以立即灭火,其原理是____________________。3. “好酒不怕巷子深”这说明分子具有的性质是____________________。4.将少量某塑料样品在密闭容器中与足量的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/CE3FB2E68B350B28E5B76D176FE3FE33.png"><br>反应,生成了<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/EC3292BA20EA95699E445A75CBF39462.png"><br>,由此可知该塑料中一定含有____________________元素。5.稀土有“工业的维生素”的美誉。稀土元素Tm在元素周期表中的信息如图,下列有关Tm的判断错误的是____________________(填序号)。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/10/0720699CA17BAEBCACA1E81F960D40D2.png"><br>①原子的质子数为69②属于金属元素③原子的中子数为69④相对原子质量为168.9<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/b71e2c9d0fb34715ab8e624bd369536d/C88A375FB6975831FC3CE43E52165742.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/6bdf8b4ba615465b938b8cfe16d986fe/BC0F1E0B0D1D67DB23D1C30B7566DB6E.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：较易<br>回答下列与金属有关的<br>问题:<br>1.生铁和纯铁,硬度较大的是。2.铝制品有很好的抗腐蚀性能,原因是铝在空气中与氧气反应,其表面生成一层致密的(用名称或化学式填空)薄膜。3.向AgNO<sub>3</sub>、Cu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>、NaNO<sub>3</sub>的混合溶液中加入一定量的锌粉,充分反应后过滤,得到金属滤渣和无色滤液。则所得滤液中一定含有的溶质是. <br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/658f654c3a1d4909ab25bd8117428367/57A618BEB326108F51C4C897570095F9.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/baa392fc81c4472697fedcd7cf6ae587/7869C37C98F7CE292A7E24E7FD78229A.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>某兴趣<br>小组对<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/17/0417D3AF75D87294CB1B358BDABD2D77.png"><br>分解反应的催化剂进行研究,在相同的加热条件下,用下图装置完成表中实验。<br><tbody><br>编号<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/17/0417D3AF75D87294CB1B358BDABD2D77.png"><br>质量<br>/g<br>催化剂<br>催化剂质量<br>/g<br>收集<br>50mL<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/17/43916A0CBDACF639905BC5CD89370C97.png"><br>所需时间<br>/s<br>实验<br>-<br>-<br>实验<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/17/C593AB7E8C703062DFA5ED884F267FE4.png"><br>.5<br>实验<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/17/4291691F67BE513204B38B2B82064543.png"><br>.5<br>实验<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/17/BF45A0427DE59E00361E360257DB793E.png"><br>.5<br></tbody><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/17/96CB50BDBB8203E8BF37F6BAE618844E.png"><br>1.设置实验1的目的是。<br>2.表中所列3种催化剂的催化效果最佳的是_____。<br>3.写出实验2中<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/17/0417D3AF75D87294CB1B358BDABD2D77.png"><br>分解的化学方程式:_____。<br>4.由实验1和实验4可知,KCl(填“有”或“无”)催化作用。维持加热条件不变,用实验1再继续收集50mL<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/17/43916A0CBDACF639905BC5CD89370C97.png"><br>,所需时间明显少于171s,解释原因:。<br>5.要比较<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/17/0417D3AF75D87294CB1B358BDABD2D77.png"><br>分解反应中不同催化剂的催化效果,除了可以测量收集50mL<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/17/43916A0CBDACF639905BC5CD89370C97.png"><br>所需时间外,还可以测量相同时间内。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/ed0d65e5e6e443d39586f3f9afd89aee/84C11511F1C2F76A51BBFC8D63479D8D.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/e9947d462e474f058084616f59672d1d/976F583E65B89849B06410428BE54C84.png"><br><br>※题型：计算题※知识点：计算题※试题难度：中等<br>为测定某过氧化钠样品的纯度,将<br>2g<br>该样品与足量水发生如下反应(杂质不参与反应):<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/20/4DBC039728817F737345EEDD48FC4775.png"><br>,生成气体质量与时间的关系如图所示。回答问题:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/20/789A262642D19C303B381812625F7BCD.png"><br>1.生成氧气的质量是g。2.列式计算该样品中过氧化钠的质量分数。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/57fcf101ac434b2dbfaf5ee4b165dde3/8AF378563A858E8EC1A7C90E9227B005.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>
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