重庆市綦江区2020届九年级上学期期末考试化学试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>水资源是国家战略物资。下列图示为我国“国家节水”标志的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/F41F80623C6835301730290BA8B863A8.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/3621E8A04E578B357E251E476495B4B0.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/B296B39015E1BA7628463E44C5293E7B.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/06CE16CBACB7E32FAA668FC27CAB57A1.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/b85f02d5d500401c91e915caf7941c67/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/41125e8ef5d7446db104937aa4b401c9/F2A14E1FA80E4CF9F6649697A8A14731.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>下列几种常见的饮料中,属于纯净物的是( )<br>A.苹果醋 B.果汁 C.汽水 D.蒸馏水<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/638938ec8b7b41f789f9add375bac21c/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/66fc68400f2542e0a4553d5d6c7e4e82/51D90510127E19C0226A12BBE0E68FDC.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>《卖炭翁》的诗句“伐薪烧炭南山中”的“伐薪”和“烧炭”过程涉及的主要变化依次是( )<br>A.都是物理变化 B.都是化学变化<br>C.化学变化和物理变化 D.物理变化和化学变化<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/eb654ac377544a8eb1e2dcebc0841358/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/fc1a90cd8b0242529c85113d3a9c0644/576EBE57D434B92E6566530F878765F5.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>重庆市自2019年1月1日施行生活垃圾分类管理。废弃物中,易拉罐属于( )<br>A.可回收物 B.餐厨垃圾 C.有害垃圾 D.其它垃圾<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/6cf0ca7260c2417791cef267ab389a0b/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/61c304151f6d40949101778168018045/F700091FE6B9E9E6E97DA266D5833455.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>下列物质在氧气中燃烧,生成黑色固体的是( )<br>A.蜡烛 B.硫粉 C.木炭 D.铁丝<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/81a56c4bb4924e9896c1e3e1a8f86127/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/eb49473140d742ae9130b62b07655b45/928878B14CAAF194136A090DF474DE91.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>元素观、微粒观是重要的化学观念。下列有关说法正确的是( )<br>A.分子是化学变化中的最小微粒<br>B.原子核内质子数与中子数一定相等<br>C.分子、原子和离子都是构成物质的粒子<br>D.物质发生化学变化时,原子的种类不变,元素的种类改变<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/26d52b72aea54a0b86ab46b6d5914042/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/18cf5a19dbe6498f8dbf79e9a71cc947/A093FB3D1EA315FEC6AAA1E0807F4745.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>下列物质的用途中,利用其物理性质的是( )<br>A.氢气用作燃料 B.干冰用于人工降雨<br>C.氮气用作保护气 D.焦炭用于工业炼铁<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/358cee1af24d404890fd9fd0a739b5b3/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/d608815c8baa4f9383f25b119942427c/4DCAFC82DBCDD439DE881C1991A0AF8C.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>规范实验操作是实验成功的保证。下列操作中正确的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/89D8C0F7A160B01552BFDE6805FAD6E5.png"><br>检查气密性<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/E607578F9F1DD68750DFAA1E98539C2F.png"><br>滴加液体药品<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/2EB4FEB362333BBDD0FA9E6146689C84.png"><br>读取液体体积<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/9659765DD22D188953FE2D7B82F22FE3.png"><br>称量氯化钠<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/33ceea80bd2743709c91b7fd625f3c21/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/d3a2d22a018041b98075645ee750fe3b/72CB9C56A439AD6B611184DF1F9F09B3.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>安全无小事,时刻放在心。下列安全措施不正确的是( )<br>A.油锅着火,迅速盖上锅盖<br>B.用电器着火,迅速切断电源<br>C.厨房中天然气泄漏,立即开灯查看并开门窗通风<br>D.遇到火灾,用湿毛巾捂住口鼻,蹲下靠近地面跑离开现场<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/8e8635fc956a48a9aab79a063a90ed6c/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/ada5d27c46a444509c8450034f18712b/D611AFB0C95668A042FA52B89D7A1F8C.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>钪用于制造特种陶瓷和合金。在元素周期表中钪(Sc)元素的某些信息和原子结构示意图如下所示,下列说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/30D1ECEC9AB41C6BD300DE4E58F84927.png"><br>A.x=2<br>B.钪属于非金属元素<br>C.钪的原子序数为21<br>D.钪的相对原子质量为44.96g<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/4b09e2bf862d4fd2a217e190e16a6648/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/1c0819b66ab54591841f79d46a033fe2/540E1FC50B558C411EB54787DFE96A55.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>对比实验是科学探究的重要方法。利用下图实验探究燃烧的条件,当温度升高至60℃过程中,仅①燃烧;继续升高至260℃过程中,又仅③燃烧。下列分析不正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/390DB41ABE39FF34C798752490A256DF.png"><br>A.①燃烧可证明白磷是可燃物<br>B.对比③④可知无烟煤的着火点比红磷的低<br>C.对比②③可知燃烧需要可燃物与氧气接触<br>D.对比①③可知燃烧需要使温度达到可燃物的着火点<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/e386ec48a2e4488e8c8050fd6389702a/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/7b8fee208f8f4eb6bcf6eb59c7c0251e/1401674D82AC25D9F666AA844081DB7E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>利用稀盐酸与金属单质反应,探究镁、铁、铜的金属活动性。下列说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/7B8702E9667092EF92240F0D30C6F007.png"><br>A.铜片表面可以观察到气泡<br>B.铁片的试管比镁片的试管更热<br>C.金属活动性由强到弱顺序为:镁>铁>铜<br>D.三支试管中盐酸溶液的质量分数可以不同<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/8bacf9b7411c4f1c85c274b33da2f99c/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/af9363bbd6d34bd5bce8263ce67d9e3b/7E7B292C5C723D07F957463E7740B7A0.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>高铁酸钠(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/4607B8771CBD0A9E0787DA560177D569.png"><br>)是一种新型绿色消毒剂,主要用于饮用水处理。下列有关该物质的说法正确是( )<br>A.高铁酸钠由3个元素组成<br>B.高铁酸钠中铁元素为+6价<br>C.高铁酸钠含有2个氧分子<br>D.高铁酸钠中钠的质量分数约为40%<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/4f319a5f1c2b4c3badff88b6379e68b8/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/8012072ec81448b68b73e300dcb37e1c/AEBD224ACEFE4557EDC5FD6CE4CFFACA.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>清华大学研究人员成功研制出一种纳米纤维催化剂,可将二氧化碳转化成液体燃料甲醇,反应的微观示意图如下:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/3C5FB4EF60C3A40DFFDD4173377ED64A.png"><br>下列说法不正确的是( )<br>A.该反应是置换反应<br>B.甲醇的化学式为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/3158F8BFFC65BEB0E71A752F63B65595.png"><br>C.乙是由分子构成的<br>D.参加反应的甲和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>分子个数比为3:1<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/209ca6230717465c91dc7b9868b87160/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/453b3cbcbd894d179e0f7a4f5386a40c/16DA92C2F2F716E000FB60C18717CC40.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>向盛有一定量锌粒的烧杯中逐滴加入稀硫酸至过量。在该过程中,下列图像不能正确反映烧杯内物质的某些物理量变化趋势的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/83AD1634E49F8D9D6221CDE1E00A6934.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/78C50BF73A6482675CFEB3B1C90B438B.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/6FC48ACB225B07B26926193ECC4FEB9A.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/9318C21CF288DCCC8AF6157335E35C86.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/39017ad95b044ce6827774330d56a737/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/cc89dd2ba30c4fde9c79e4c47d28bd45/128680DBF48FF6803C57AFE93E215A1A.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：容易<br>请用化学符号表示:<br>个<br>氢原子<br>_____<br>个<br>钠离子<br>_____<br>个<br>五氧化二氮分子<br>_____<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/92044a185760400f94ba04cf66b45663/D710C4151B00CD5C8ABD90D7BB3478EE.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/bd06086bbb1a48e18ef8d23d96329284/73C3E59ECB0592409BB5F4CD496BD227.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>对结构和性质的研究是学好化学的基础<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/5/B08012C2D5B4E0AD57D73EE2F81F2370.png"><br>(1)<br>根据表中提供的信息,回答问题。<br><tbody><br>物质<br>金刚石<br>石墨<br>炭黑<br>活性炭<br>结构<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/5/A9464EE11C9D44C59202C1ABC769ADA5.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/5/1BA8F9E5CF27AF4CCEE0A7A9B62F7002.png"><br>碳原子<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/11/5/BCFE9AF426FA1DA536D43134463417AB.png"><br>_____<br>(<br>用文字表示<br>)<br>性质<br>______<br>滑腻感<br>______<br>吸附性<br>用途<br>钻头<br>_____<br>碳素墨水,书写档案可长期保存<br>吸附剂<br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/ed6f98a191674b1e971ab45d334a7cad/2D8879CA1D339D2BE8E44662E2EBFB96.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/18cfbf9248734522a613b4f5bf447307/00EFC796746BEFE9233B5FD95270E4A9.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>大雨之后,<br>某兴趣<br>小组同学从<br>綦<br>江河中取出浑浊水样进行如下探究实验。<br>1.要使浑浊水样变澄清,他们的净水方法是_____________(填名称)。<br>2.向(1)所得水样中加入一定量肥皂水,振荡,观察到泡沫较少,浮渣较多,则证明该水样属于_________(选填“硬水”或“软水”)。3.在实验室里,将(1)所得的水样变成纯净物的操作是_____(填名称)。4.利用自制装置对(3)所得的水进行电解实验,通电一段时间后,实验现象如图所示,Y管内气体为_________,a连接电源的______________极(选填“正”或“负”)。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/6B8D8E679EADF2397C1E9965EF119961.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/ea502d5398d94ddd89cd357d2257762b/03AD3E28A53B10F9D955601C99CD51DC.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/2c996e35f7d74b4c9af9475051471405/2310D6317201C561D64EE4C7F2E0D301.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>能源利用和环境保护一直是人们关注的热点。<br>1.化石燃料主要包括煤、天然气和_____。<br>2.可燃冰主要含甲烷水合物,甲烷完全燃烧的化学方程式为_____。3.某电厂为防止环境污染,用石灰石粉浆来吸收煤燃烧时排放出的二氧化硫,其反应的化学方程式为:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/043CCF99FB39A8E397FC277035D54BFB.png"><br>,则X的化学式为_____。4.下列做法中,你认为能改善空气质量的是_____(填字母)。a升高工厂烟囱b露天焚烧垃圾c限制燃放烟花爆竹d推广新能源公交车<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/e73a689d98444970ad14f9810326276d/130315CB039DABBB871FCBE388C7D70C.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/aee6105dd16b446285217db91b0b4f2e/811FC2715B4689C090E28EF9190895BF.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>“<br>中国制造<br>”<br>、<br>“<br>一带一路<br>”<br>的基础建设都需要用到大量钢铁。工业上利用赤铁矿炼钢的流程如下:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/4AD92F0E5CC9D4F1D74844E984F0ADF0.png"><br>回答下列问题:<br>1.炼铁高炉中,一氧化碳与赤铁矿反应制取铁的化学方程式为_____,“高炉气体”中能形成酸雨的_____(填化学式)。<br>2.炼钢炉中通入纯氧的目的是_____,钢锭轧成钢板,体现了金属的_____性。3.生活中铁制品锈蚀现象非常普遍,危害极大。你认为下列措施能防止铁制品锈蚀的是_____(填字母)。a涂油、喷漆b部分浸入食盐水中c镀耐腐蚀的铬层d久置于潮湿的空气中<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/91ccd3c1ca0746dc887a4000b7855b88/93E77E36291248239BBEC03DB8C2356D.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/5f3e5501c97a4ed8a92586a7b55ec67f/405C476D2512A93026FDE63E00161BBD.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>图<br>、图<br>是初中化学课本中的两个实验。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/35575990094E2CD720E18FFEA1E721AF.png"><br>1.图1是“倾倒二氧化碳”实验。可以观察到的现象是___________,说明二氧化碳的性质是_____。<br>2.图2是“测定空气里氧气的含量”实验。仪器a的名称是__________,红磷燃烧的化学方程式为_____,若将红磷换成木炭,实验效果明显不佳,你的理由是______。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/d2eaf4c0701c4428b2ea957c5650ce11/20D7DD56FD15964F8A1991F7566089C4.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/ef865b8e386543dbbf013e28cd92a66f/D5A808ACEE9CD917B408C67141130E10.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>某化学兴趣小组利用下列装置进行探究实验。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/4CD4DECD9C942DB07EDF999C993DDCBD.png"><br>1.甲同学用大理石和稀盐酸制取二氧化碳,选择的发生装置是______填字母)。<br>2.乙同学想检验甲同学制得的气体是二氧化碳,他的方法是_____________(答出操作、现象和结论)。3.丙同学若用装置BC制取氧气,请你帮他选择合适的药品,写出相应的化学方程式______________。4.丁同学想用无水醋酸钠(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/9F8A8A700E82DFF615A08A005F77CC06.png"><br>)固体和碱石灰(有效成分NaOH)固体制取甲烷(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/5AE69F147234DF32EF5E64E5C6878C8F.png"><br>)气体。(查阅资料)1甲烷是一种极难溶于水的气体,常温下与空气不反应。2实验室里制甲烷的反应化学方程式为:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/9DAC112A5B33A56108185EEF66A06837.png"><br>根据资料,你认为丁同学应该选择的发生装置是_________________(填字母,下同),收集装置是C或________________,如果他用F装置代替C装置收集<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/5AE69F147234DF32EF5E64E5C6878C8F.png"><br>,则<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/5AE69F147234DF32EF5E64E5C6878C8F.png"><br>应从__________________(选填“①”或“②”)口通入。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/51f64bb16c49411c8f1105b0f47e0dff/23D651B0ADC591DA9B0EE6A19AD03BA2.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/70936885cd9348bfbb3cde485f8f6977/A42AACD0FCAF647CB970F545CA3B7B9B.png"><br><br>※题型：计算题※知识点：计算题※试题难度：较易<br>牙膏是常见的日用化学品,其中的摩擦剂可以增强牙膏对牙齿的摩擦作用和去污效果。已知某品牌牙膏的摩擦剂含有<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/0125C0E265985712A3A9CAA2643B9043.png"><br>和<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/D13EDEBFC18112684964BB61D7CF78C1.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/D13EDEBFC18112684964BB61D7CF78C1.png"><br>不与稀盐酸反应。<br>现将<br>10g<br>该摩擦剂加入到盛有足量稀盐酸的烧杯中,充分反应后,烧杯内物质的总<br>质量减少了<br>3.52g<br>。请计算:<br>1.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/0125C0E265985712A3A9CAA2643B9043.png"><br>中钙元素与氧元素的质量比_____________。<br>2.10g该摩擦剂中<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/0125C0E265985712A3A9CAA2643B9043.png"><br>的质量_____________。3.该摩擦剂中<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/4/9/D13EDEBFC18112684964BB61D7CF78C1.png"><br>的质量分数_____________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/513b2adabf244de98dac419e7b0fbfe0/37359B2CF50A445B4DC05C973C2CFADA.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/b4f7356494b742db8540e4514a3acba2/BF38DB00054293C051B955AD8239B621.png"><br><br>
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