重庆市渝中区2021届九年级中考模拟化学试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>为验证<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/6/DCC4DF7A4A87EA13DDA9F8656750386D.png"><br>三种金属的活动性顺序,某小组同学设计了如图所示的4种实验方案(不做其他实验)。其中不能达到目的的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/6/852696346BD05E94268FE9C1E7E4A8CD.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/6/F2B27AF54D7682203C7862083B86CC76.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/6/579D2B46A1FAFF1696770BA0602700B0.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/6/072863F507D06575496D3F64BF0EE589.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/d3914f0ec8f7457ca672faaa1ee53550/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/63b1beb700b64e7cad0cf1ec3ca91608/FE270ABB78362ED66B15C148C3679ED2.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>物质加入水中能形成溶液的是( )<br>A.植物油 B.水 C.白酒 D.大理石<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/1bd8bffcea0849668d5470ef570b0fc7/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/83c7f129426942659360d27da6b6fe29/D73FF3340D0FAEEBB13F0F3059B0BB53.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>小美发现荔枝园旁边的水稻叶子发黄,并到下了一下,你认为应该向稻田施用的复合肥是( )<br>A.CO(NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub> B.KCl C.Ca<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> D.KNO<sub>3</sub><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/ee5d5ae45b4c4c86b39da0feb7cf1582/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/e45a5ab57f804bed9945d8400352de0e/6414AFB07CD2D549F6F73F7487D755F9.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>下列各选项中,是考试用纸所具有的化学性质的为( )<br>A.白色 B.柔软 C.可燃 D.易撕碎<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/0da2939137a64e45a6950b4ecc4312a0/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/bd34f1dfbe9944a4bf6fdd062448987d/EA2CB4127D6E84CA33D4BC08ED3EA311.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>在氯化钡溶液中滴入某种溶液,生成白色沉淀,有关说法错误的是( )<br>A.滴入的可能是硝酸银溶液<br>B.反应后溶液可能呈酸性<br>C.白色沉淀可能溶于盐酸<br>D.该反应是置换反应<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/f48fc894010245e7ad9b34cd0c6315aa/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/0fbba2769501407fa279be50d99355a4/A095AA94C6AABD323693DC889E88C25F.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>根据你的生活经验,下列做法正确的是()<br>A.用水经常冲洗自行车以防生锈<br>B.用烧碱降低土壤酸性,改良土壤结构<br>C.用燃着的火柴检验石油液化气是否泄漏<br>D.用食醋除去热水瓶中的水垢(主要成分是碳酸钙和氢氧化镁)<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/1f61394dd66f475f9661659a140f1e2b/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/3266c6afb15f49f68d88c8444319ce95/9F30E24A190DC1E194C524722C31C6E5.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>近段时间,猪肉价格的不断上涨对国民的生活带来了一定的影响。猪肉的新鲜度可以通过测试pH来判断。由下表可知:新鲜肉在变质过程中酸性强弱的变化为( )<br><tbody><br>名称<br>新鲜肉<br>次鲜肉<br>变质肉<br>pH<br>5.8~6.2<br>6.3~6.6<br>>6.7<br></tbody><br>A.变强 B.变弱 C.不变 D.无法确定<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/b39da2c34f24450d8491e2da1e78fd65/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/ecdceff100464a5fa5dd84ae1f9b98d8/AAFF2EFBD56DB2096DC404033D0789B8.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>以下物质的化学式书写正确,且属于氧化物的是( )<br>A.氢氧化镁<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/20DC19C2368A1509671A08C1C238EF21.png"><br>B.碳酸钡<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/77C829267E7962270200135EEAAC4267.png"><br>C.五氧化二氮<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/3B502B4E08B1C5522664972931345721.png"><br>D.氧化铁FeO<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/69b3c73e3df94a84ad438e7a28acfe13/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/c9aa7654481b4d55a34306e70af570c9/7DC597CD939975E830A780F70BA1AB26.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>甲化工厂排放的酸性污水和乙化工厂排放的污水,共含有以下6种离子中的各3种:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/E8AE61D5441291A3F233B707E265274A.png"><br>,则乙化工厂排放的污水中所含有的3种离子是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/FEEEBB90E7AC552D5997583C82106A51.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/FF771812AB958E12BBB03F49976A5190.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/7FA039E61999C51FAC1DA4779A0D173B.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/3A60E354046C9E73F67726A5D341AE13.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/068fd8c2d15242a585338b521348e5de/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/d94ca830bf684426bdb85937f9418d3b/7119A061CCA68145D988A0BC68F575D6.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>有一种“即食即热型快餐”适合外出旅行时使用.其内层用铝箔包裹食品,外层则是分别包装的两种化学物质,使用拉动预留在外的开关,使两种化学物质发生反应,此时便可以对食物进行加热.这两包化学物质最合适的选择是( )<br>A.浓硫酸与水 B.熟石灰与水 C.生石灰与水 D.氯化钠与水<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/5fd35c7a4d2e4850b994d6456cda9778/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/3055fb13253a4726bdc8f7075d172cdb/AF9F8A1959758A95197F1DBB2ACD5AA1.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>颜料的制作常常用到铬酸钠(化学式<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/5DD20AFA11A2953AA6D7D4F7AAFF46E2.png"><br>),铬酸钠中铬元素(Cr)的化合价为( )<br>A.+2 B.+3 C.+5 D.+6<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/5c4821a954b941cbb5645d23ddbe2b93/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/e8837cfcc2884859bd46ed6756afb256/F50FC57DD14D85563F267A90C1737991.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>实验室中的下列物质对密封保存要求不严格的是( )<br>A.浓硫酸 B.氢氧化钠 C.浓盐酸 D.木炭粉<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/d18d9fcf87cb4044a260710242747b03/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/420681cebb8147eab231b39c343e07e6/3E75A9F5E8B044EBBF66182C36290ACB.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>除去下列物质中的少量杂质,所选用的试剂及操作方法均正确的是( )<br><tbody><br>选项<br>物质(括号内为杂质)<br>试剂<br>操作方法<br>A<br>CaO(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/C33BDE800D867632B103C25FB2DA0A2F.png"><br>)<br>水<br>溶解、过滤、结晶<br>B<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>(CO)<br>足量的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/CE3FB2E68B350B28E5B76D176FE3FE33.png"><br>点燃<br>C<br>HCl(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/CE3FB2E68B350B28E5B76D176FE3FE33.png"><br>)<br>适量的氯化钡溶液<br>过滤<br>D<br>NaCl(NaOH)<br>适量的硫酸<br>蒸发结晶<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/c30515a5460147269e3021a8fdb9d06c/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/f87ff4f6ef964788a27fa7427959afa2/15E972595059B3EBF6BDE4CF38C2A2EF.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较难<br>甲、乙两种固体物质(均不含结晶水)的溶解度曲线如图所示,下列说法错误的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/476AA844ECCA97B1E4A3DC50FDE95493.jpeg"><br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/32950889DA083F8FEB4B456B77CE675B.png"><br>时,在相同质量的水中达到饱和状态时,甲比乙溶解的溶质多<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/97DE7627ECA82C404E1EFD3560FA9B7B.png"><br>时,向100g水中加入80g甲可得160g饱和溶液<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/97DE7627ECA82C404E1EFD3560FA9B7B.png"><br>时,甲、乙饱和溶液的溶质量分数相等,但溶液质量不一定相等<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/32950889DA083F8FEB4B456B77CE675B.png"><br>时,将等质量的甲、乙两种饱和溶液分别降温到<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/97DE7627ECA82C404E1EFD3560FA9B7B.png"><br>,所得溶液的溶质质量分数一定不相等<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/e518ad1a6e364f1293359318746e5f4c/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/3984807a67e94d94913c79768db786b6/EAFC90EA8B5516FB8805A6A0003B7171.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列图象不能正确反映对应变化关系的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/1CBB6C5B02C57C6E459A1C643B9B2317.jpeg"><br>向等质量的铝、锌中分别加入足量的等溶质质量分数的稀盐酸<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/1792EC1CC2DEC8DA3904C53438F06226.jpeg"><br>向盐酸溶液中加入少量<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/8A763D71E086C83FA2DCFA8805132E5B.png"><br>固体<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/2DDD5F525F991F7D72CC5D4AB413A091.jpeg"><br>一定量的镁在过量的氧气中充分燃烧<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/E403F21B67160FAE8FD9246A42DD252F.jpeg"><br>加热<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/937FDA011D046B8F739CA0856671E520.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/19DB00263A67B64F8C686CD794139E8F.png"><br>固体混合物制取<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/CE3FB2E68B350B28E5B76D176FE3FE33.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/2e400d0fef854e3dba473bd272938524/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/39203a81ee674a3e9da44c963d5213d0/5160B0330FB62D2DA07B49BDAD934ACC.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：较易<br>请用化学用语填空。<br>1.氖气________________<br>2.钙原子________________3.两个氢氧根________________ 4.氯酸钾________________<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/34234a3c19c442ab893da0a8b88b75ca/7EE479A7F4E3329DFF349023D9411070.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/43249ffd83944d1fb10035edf88faf97/8488B1C0A6DCDE5CA0E4B141CE468A4D.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>小<br>松观察<br>了课堂“灭火器原理”实验后,决定用<br>500mL<br>左右的饮料瓶代替原实验装置的<br>吸滤瓶<br>来完成,他用大头针在瓶子上端打<br>~<br>个<br>小孔并标记,向瓶内装<br>250mL<br>左右的碳酸钠溶液及少量洗涤剂,小试管装满盐酸并用<br>一<br>根比饮料<br>瓶高度<br>略小的玻璃棒插入试管(顶住试管),拧紧瓶盖,将饮料瓶倒置,可观察到液体和泡沫喷出,如图所示。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/A336B3D08AE7A2293DFD1DD2907900BC.jpeg"><br>1.根据实验可以得出水基型灭火器具有的优点是________________(写一点)。2.水基型灭火器的灭火原理有________________;家用电器着火一般选用________________(选填“水基型灭火器”或“干粉灭火器”)。3.有学生观看该实验后很兴奋,并提出“要是我换个大点的饮料瓶,加足料就可以做家庭灭火器了”。你觉得他的观点如果实施的话,存在什么安全隐患?________________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/3c41e22da33f413e99ec36af45aba393/25FE1D023D30E0F8FEE452BD8746776F.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/c43932b03e4e4952bd44323308b4221e/99B9A8B4634116990678E90EA0B4F1F9.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>元素周期表是学习和研究化学的重要工具,其内容十分丰富。下表是元素周期表的部分内容,请解答下列问题:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/228CD98757F24F92FD5E145D7A318A2C.jpeg"><br>1.从表中查出硅(Si)元素的相对原子质量为________________,其原子序数为10的元素符号为________________。2.硫元素在第________________周期,在化学反应中易________________电子(填“得到”或“失去”)。3.表中不同种元素最本质的区别是________________(填序号)。A.中子数不同 B.质子数不同 C.相对原子质量不同 D.核外电子数4.从上表中我们还可以探究出以下规律:①原子序数与原子核电荷数在数值上相等;②每一周期的元素具有相同的________________;③________________等。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/71f5eee945024bf1a45a81fed83be6f9/C139CF115396EF0133A49F8440F831B2.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/0d24e99de2634eb1b7dd7d7b9b74c489/63B4F412CDB2FF24015F17BFD22BE3D4.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>氧化镁在医药、建筑等行业应用广泛。以菱镁矿(主要成分为<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/B53A1B31DC590FB6BB2BF77B5F00904C.png"><br>,含少量<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/FE4EAE5859C126370C7FCE478C360ED7.png"><br>,其他杂质不溶于酸)为原料制备高纯氧化镁的实验流程如图:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/B3579309C32182D8351BC8F0F41EB18D.jpeg"><br>1.酸溶之前要将矿石粉碎的目的是________________。稀硫酸需要过量的目的是________________。酸溶步骤中碳酸镁溶解的反应方程式为________________。<br>2.已知<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/519C797280C1B1B48509552737D29284.png"><br>和Fe3+在溶液中遇到氨水均可以转化成难溶性碱沉淀,开始沉淀和沉淀完全的pH如表:<br><tbody><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/52473B1251DF907655D2CFA86E3E22DD.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/852951F64C100C020FA3F7DFB2033938.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/49862ECF28D732618BA0357490231B47.png"><br>开始沉淀<br> 9.4<br>7.9<br>2.7<br>沉淀完全<br>12.4<br>9.6<br>3.7<br></tbody><br>流程“氧化”一步中<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/852951F64C100C020FA3F7DFB2033938.png"><br>的作用是将溶液中的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/852951F64C100C020FA3F7DFB2033938.png"><br>转化成<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/49862ECF28D732618BA0357490231B47.png"><br>,不能直接沉淀<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/852951F64C100C020FA3F7DFB2033938.png"><br>的原因是________________。3.加氨水调节溶液的PH范围为________________。4.滤渣2的化学式是________________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/f65a6a5dd2d646bcb08750f7aa30f994/D55C2B6A94520FA31076749311FC4FCF.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/621febbc5d1f41f5a8e9ed247757f87c/A7CBF5CF6B99B64F733D974BE3208229.png"><br><br>※题型：计算题※知识点：计算题※试题难度：中等<br>称取<br>NaCl<br>和<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/56D2A73F2531F3EB6732E1B05B2AEE20.png"><br>的固体混合物<br>32.5g<br>,加入<br>100g<br>蒸馏水,完全溶解后向该混合溶液中逐滴加入质量分数为<br>10%<br>的<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/996D81C497C6D76B4B7CF28DBC8C23D9.png"><br>溶液,反应生成<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/E7F84554363873C895F5F0E0D07364D2.png"><br>沉淀的质量与所加入的<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/996D81C497C6D76B4B7CF28DBC8C23D9.png"><br>溶液的质量关系如图所示。试回答下列问题:(提示:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/8CC11374CAA3BC90B0DEB46DA846F040.png"><br>)<br>1.完全反应后生成<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/E7F84554363873C895F5F0E0D07364D2.png"><br>沉淀________________g。<br>2.恰好完全反应时消耗<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/996D81C497C6D76B4B7CF28DBC8C23D9.png"><br>溶液的质量是________________g。3.恰好完全反应时所得溶液中溶质的质量分数是多少?(精确到0.1%)<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/30/E81EE1F6A31878ACDCAC0367DB6C333E.jpeg"><br> <br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/56081b8e539144a1a362b0b5b07c63bb/50900B432E7F0FB988D80512BF25781B.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/4b8047cdbb8848049b5d634d43c75157/785CF8F3451A25FF3ABAF0A4EB7717F1.png"><br><br>
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