四川省成都市青白江区2021届九年级中考一模化学试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列过程主要发生化学变化的是( )<br>A.酒精、醋酸、汽油等物质挥发出气体分子<br>B.用铁矿石炼铁<br>C.工业上由液态空气制得氧气<br>D.绿色植物叶片吸附空气中的粉尘微粒<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/14134e1270c24d39baee22b3c95d3e10/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/78fcbe04ffb5469e8673aca7c12e1cc1/2CBC88C4D5684A479ABBCD050BF85E45.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列物质的用途与物质的物理性质有关的是( )<br>A.用硫酸除去金属表面的锈<br>B.用一氧化碳冶炼生铁<br>C.用氢气作高能燃料<br>D.用干冰进行人工降雨<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/9b63e309363b4607a1816af61bfec34f/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/7fdcf4d276ba41c49e25802526765537/867FE64A2BCE784C32F41D3DB5E213E0.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列实验操作中,正确的是( )<br>A.熄灭酒精灯时,用嘴吹灭<br>B.反应中没用完的药品,应立即放回原试剂瓶中,以免浪费<br>C.用试管夹夹持在试管中上部,并在酒精灯火焰的外焰部分加热<br>D.给试管中液体加热时,液体体积应控制在试管容积的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/AFBACB1B0A0ACCC17C335A52DB531113.png"><br>之间<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/978fbede3dc742d680c4fad612d3d3a4/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/ab09b04bd6e84f53af57b82334913bb0/CC40678FDB4AE119D07FDFE073182E56.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>水电解时的变化可用如图表示.据图得出的下列结论中,错误的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/BAFADA29AA3F88BC8E96ACC1FF9069C0.png"><br>A.水电解得到氢气和氧气<br>B.氢气是由氢原子构成的<br>C.分子在化学变化中可再分<br>D.原子是化学变化中的最小粒子<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/800fb719842c4440b97f4cc735997307/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/96a6e6cd7fd04c828aac9b601d077351/4A458F8FC0DE7C76EB62B6452860E03E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>为除去<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>中含有的少量CO杂质,下列操作中正确的是( )<br>A.将气体点燃<br>B.将气体通入澄清石灰水中<br>C.将气体通入硫酸溶液中<br>D.将气体通过灼热氧化铜<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/475e6fca185148a1ade6fe8074f07295/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/ac02b16747a04ea596605c3891401c03/2AED5BA9B8FD00066C948CCE7B1BB243.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>导致老年人骨质疏松的主要原因是人体骨骼中缺少下列元素的是( )<br>A.Ca B.Na C.K D.Fe<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/54e77d4c69484bc8855df34f2a08a4b5/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/b931113bcd4f4f10980e3a3b1d6f0b46/89F8E45E200FF0D5EDE3103BBE7AB36D.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列化学方程式书写正确的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/C4C4511C2AA369E0A9DB1B85E7AA9818.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/5DF388292A6CE8B3549574E169E163B4.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/39E5C097E0F2E2620AE98BEDA8CD5696.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/8FBFC8BEB7559540B65ED4B320EF8381.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/abb818e648774eee8b86c3a62c7b0f79/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/bfa6aa34491c486487bee7964c9a41f7/B1FED2278015F21ACE9B4D19B7385CF7.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>我们能够嗅到远处花香的事实可以说明( )<br>A.分子有质量<br>B.分子之间有空隙<br>C.分子在不断地运动<br>D.分子能保持物质的化学性质<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/4af2381d757b46d98d7465ad086709a7/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/38e9d7543ba74ff186c79e2ca5ce35b9/46BA63B3C2F316BB3DD2F8DE0A7A50AA.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>能除去空气中氧气,且不生成其他气体的是( )<br>A.木炭 B.红磷 C.硫 D.铁丝<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/9c68d47bc7f7426995c6d4b6ca30864b/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/dbc13670a61b42c68a650e5b89b82160/86CE2CE76C1BF9ACA25FB4E5F7AC26FB.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>为鉴别分别盛有空气、氧气、二氧化碳的三瓶气体,应选用的方法是( )<br>A.将气体分别通入水中<br>B.将气体分别通入澄清石灰水中<br>C.将气体分别通入盐水中<br>D.将燃着的木条分别伸入三瓶气体中<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/45facbbc755040928b0e8d4caea8df36/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/4d2d5b00544f480892f8e195fdf69ee5/F70A97B3E687419CB559933C57B744B8.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>硒元素有防癌的作用,硒的原子结构示意图为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/957EEB9F2876A4C58390B035E9EEBDF1.png"><br>.下列粒子所代表的元素与硒具有相似化学性质的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/11B36C9B88DFF24B17D34FFE7C6A3D00.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/EA6F5992C91704CC3BD63196CE48A573.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/91D7F26B9D8BB903AB88F2D8FA2C3B88.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/80096618D00A089D1E973BB3733348FD.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/6b58e5eb48fe4f9988d1fed12517c9ca/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/53d6cb160ee34507ababcd5046b710cf/991045D39E0A8630FF6EDD573BFBF1D9.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>将下列金属分别放入硫酸铜溶液中,一段时间后溶液质量增加的是( )<br>A.Zn B.Fe C.Al D.Ag<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/0b64a4cab9da4b05b7cf5445da00de6b/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/4fd03174d0714d4289828c41d419e065/C1ACC69AF512D4922675AC48CA573FE2.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>手机使用的锂电池的新型的高能电池,以质量轻、电容量大而用户喜爱.某种电池的总反应可表示为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/F765D6B3FE0C39E8AE033B7803EB8DE0.png"><br>,下列说法中正确的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/E34FEFF11E1E09B2DA9BEA0E9198D9A5.png"><br>为新型的氧化物<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/E34FEFF11E1E09B2DA9BEA0E9198D9A5.png"><br>为锂、锰、氧的合金<br>C.该反应属于化合反应<br>D.该反应中Mn的化合价没有变化<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/12af77418f7745b1aecd1efa72743733/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/08295e101577441b8113265569fc0ce2/E55BE803F0BAA161504F29E9FF3F6168.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>用化学用语填空:<br>1.2个硫离子_______________;<br>2.保持氮气化学性质的最小粒子_______________;3.干冰_______________;4.地壳中含量最多的元素_______________;5.10个电子的粒子_______________;(任填一个).<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/03ec89e93e04453dbfbb2ca085ead019/5367C20F6371F9B62DA0A0506CDCE041.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/780d2082a5954f9fb69dabc67f819d96/85136E16A7C91A9311677F1F6AFEAE23.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：较易<br>化学符号“<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/FFADA5F19AA4D4614F9C6B59C27E9FFB.png"><br>”中,“<br>”的含义是<br>_______________.<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/ffa638c1cc6e452da4b8c268bcc3a2e6/4F6D1B8B57FB24D8DA09A4FF1AEE53FB.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/6387dfb4516245fab9fc287d0a059b52/ED6C1F4AE8B4474E00B36B438C2B6BFC.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>请将下列物质按照要求排列(填序号):<br>①在<br>a.<br>二氧化碳、<br>b.<br>氢气、<br>c.<br>氮气中,相对分子质量从大到小的顺序是<br>_<br>__________<br>②在<br>a.<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/EDB13CADACDD0611FCC469162027418E.png"><br>、<br>b.<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/996D81C497C6D76B4B7CF28DBC8C23D9.png"><br>、<br>c.<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/8BA90CB1150F90B25C2ACB57931CDD3B.png"><br>中,硫元素化合价由低到高的顺序是<br>_<br>__________<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/e49ea94a7053400ea1de63ccc9a4a26c/C55DBF1CE11B9DD5C1FF728303EF030B.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/c8e0af4d19b340f68cff43a959120142/87D1EB85D2A248ECE501659A840229C4.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：较易<br>根据下列提供的物质,结合化学知识和生产生活实际,按要求填空:<br>葡萄糖、盐酸、铁、氧气、二氧化碳<br>①<br>人体胃液中含有<br>_<br>________________<br>(填化学式),当其不足会出现消化不良等症状;<br>②<br>人体血液中含有一定量的<br>_<br>________________<br>(填化学式),当其浓度过低时会出现乏力、疲倦、昏迷、休克等症状,在医学上称为“低血糖”。<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/2eca062f541f479a8fb550dc242aa35b/66BDA392B5193E0BEA21A8E3565DF8F9.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/d26cab11ac864323b5ce3c863f5caf47/73B215810FF6E90333C350F8650F1453.png"><br><br>※题型：计算题※知识点：计算题※试题难度：中等<br>在实验室易燃品橱柜里有一瓶失去标签的试剂,某同学为探究其成分,进行如下实验分析:取<br>2.16g<br>该物质,使其充分燃烧,测知只生成<br>2.16g<br>水和<br>5.28g<br>二氧化碳。请你通过计算填空:<br>1.该物质中含氢元素______________g,含碳元素______________g。<br>2.测量二氧化碳是将其全部通入足量的澄清石灰水中,再过滤,并对滤渣进行烘干、称量,从而可以计算出二氧化碳的质量。请计算在实验中得到的滤渣的质量为多少?<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/37920d88e0d443dd93ee8bb2b8e59355/BE6DB4C91031AA10F3F45F71574D8A5F.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/7f899e75441f4774a222b6251b85023d/B56B260640470FCCF29087D471A3CE75.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：较易<br>如图<br>A<br>是元素周期表的一部分(图<br>B<br>是相关示例)。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/176B097FF10C1B6CC2F9C0AE46611E7C.png"><br>回答下列问题:<br>1.原子序数为17的元素名称为______________,请写出该元素与13号元素形成的化合物的化学式______________。<br>2.图C是某元素的原子结构示意图,该元素在图A中的位置是______________(请从图A的①或②或③中选择合适的序号填空),该元素的名称是______________。3.图D是氧元素的原子结构示意图,图A中与氧元素在同一纵行的硫元素其原子结构与氧原子相似。由此推测,硫原子在化学反应中易______________(填“得”或“失”)电子。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/784fd8a5adf24e7c982f9bfb142048a3/EAAB20074F7E31A97302FFD91935E530.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/aae105610962420db490a1338945c177/AAF6125BBD815D979EF1E09CA1F1D272.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>如图(<br>)是制取气体的发生装置和收集装置:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/A72F2D4477D1A28049359227C1B70DAD.png"><br>(<br>)其中收集氧气的装置是<br>_______________<br>(<br>)用<br>B<br>装置可以制备的气体是<br>_______________<br>(要求写出两种)<br>.<br>(<br>)如图(<br>)是某同学已收集满的一瓶无色无毒的纯净气体<br>.<br>请你用学过的知识进行探究,确定该气体可能是什么气体<br>.<br><tbody><br>假设(猜想)<br>验证的方法及操作<br>现象及结论<br><br><br></tbody><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/ea43ada170814f779d8b0a25cd29b7c3/6F65A1B48B151483B414D150F872FEFA.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/1de2989b24b0423ca795049ccae16ef4/D694364F01F57F90E9D23709EB43B493.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>A<br>~<br>J<br>都是初中化学中的常见物质,其中<br>D<br>、<br>E<br>对维持自然界生命活动至关重要,<br>A<br>、<br>B<br>为黑色固体,<br>C<br>是红色金属单质,<br>H<br>为气体。它们的相互转化关系如图<br>所示。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/B6A5FA4B8B1DB4CB1B197E77510F92E0.png"><br>请回答下列问题。<br>1.写出下列物质的化学式:A______________,B______________,G______________,I______________。<br>2.请写出反应①~⑤中属于置换反应的化学方程式:______________、______________。3.请从下列三个实验中选出适合反应①的实验装置是:______________。,并写出反应中的主要实验现象黑色粉末变成红色______________。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/8C2FC37AF1F9E7D157E4E0544CC5B0DE.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/0976302c398e498fb61c55264faecd62/28527AC4CDE8F61F6BDC605FF081F869.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/8aab8842d41a45648ba522c9eef29d24/116DB0585E09ED64A5A836D7F417DCE0.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：较易<br>已知空气的主要成分是氮气和氧气,某课外活动小组设计测定空气中氧气含量的实验,实验装置如图所示:<br>1.红磷在集气瓶中发生反应的化学符号表达式为__________________。该实验中红磷稍过量,目的是__________________。<br>2.待燃烧停止,白烟消失并冷却后,打开止水夹,观察到烧杯中的水进入集气瓶,瓶内水量约占__________________,由本实验还可以推知氮气的哪一性质?试写出其中一种__________________。3.若将红磷换成炭粉,该实验能否获得成功?理由是__________________。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/3DA12B9F0649A3CE4DB3A540F120424F.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/19618cdd7f1b4d7e98077a9414541fbe/93394A36BAF78DD66D2D3511EB5684C5.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/476a85f175d54083af403bac4fd64275/896683BBC6922C6BB369184804BB267B.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>请按以下要求完成探究过程。<br>【问题】:如何鉴定孔雀石<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/DC375623B2F0E60730E890447043E8DB.png"><br>加热分解的产物?<br>【查阅资料】:查阅资料可知:<br>①<br>孔雀石加热分解的产物是<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/6004D32F86722159D3BCCA3C20DA27A9.png"><br>和<br>CuO<br>;<br>②<br>无水硫酸铜<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/AF154872D0EC786CACF677FD6F562EED.png"><br>是一种白色粉末,吸收水分后变成蓝色,也常作为气体的干燥剂。<br>【设计实验并验证】:实验<br>①<br>:按图Ⅰ进行实验,证明分解产物中有<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/AF154872D0EC786CACF677FD6F562EED.png"><br>和<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/26C312FD7956FCA3F05E7BF4DBC0B677.png"><br>图Ⅰ装置的连接顺序是:<br>a<br>接<br>______________<br>______________<br>接<br>______________<br>实验<br>②<br>:有同学设计了如图Ⅱ所示的实验装置来验证剩余的黑色固体<br>CuO<br>,完成下列实验报告:<br><tbody><br>实验目的<br>实验操作<br>实验现象<br>结论<br>验证黑色固体为氧化铜。<br>按如图Ⅱ所示装置并装入药品,根据该装置的设计,箭头处通入的气体是<br>______________<br>观察到玻璃管中现象是<br>_____________<br>广口瓶中澄清石灰水变为浑浊。<br>黑色固体为氧化铜。<br></tbody><br>【现象和结论】:<br>实验<br>①<br>中:<br>U<br>型管中的无水硫酸铜变成蓝色,证明产物中有<br>______________<br>;证明产物中有<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/26/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>的化学方程式是<br>______________<br>。实验<br>②<br>中因为有<br>______________<br>现象,所以黑色固体中有氧元素,由此可得到结论:产物中有<br>CuO<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/55c25224e6f74e2f8970d508f50c90b2/DE6CB3FDFB6E51FCE5D8031F5CDD1B62.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/e0f89011b72d4a7db383d2f1efcd6674/2BCFC355ED43B7C6AB5D912CE57F64E2.png"><br><br>
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