2021届中考化学二轮复习重难知识提分训练 （四）化学实验基本操作
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>正确规范的操作是实验成功和人身安全的重要保证。下列实验操作正确的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/7/11/C37B88B5BE73DE0A727857909EF60C9A.png"><br>测定溶液pH<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/7/11/94C367CB31650BCDF7A1354F4114CBFE.png"><br>配制溶液<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/7/11/18F6CCED77147AD99ACDB96C327B4766.png"><br>称量固体<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/7/11/BE47D78DB33DE1E58B789AF5FA202231.png"><br>稀释浓硫酸<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/454a722177a84200800c9a5b12feb53a/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/1a2f8731f84846ed8d6884bf77e2f44e/A56A14467A3D0FD886ED3588F45D924E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列实验操作正确的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/28/9D551F3C88449EDFC15717FBD643A63E.png"><br>点燃酒精灯<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/28/282512417280FB6756AD181846DDFED3.png"><br>氧气验满<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/28/D814813D50C7AEB5F95523B47A3333CF.png"><br>液体加热<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/28/A30CB84573CDB52697688AAE13F5A269.png"><br>量9.5mL液体<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/be6784c34c42413c92385f5cdf1c783d/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>符合启普发生器工作原理的装置是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/22/EEC40C7E45DB9B5C187CDF2E816D8F31.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/22/B3C0FC9AB4686D37CC5447184F618C52.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/22/05D201648A4014DE9C167E167AD84582.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/22/BA0A034664834FDB7401103226F1237A.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/12ba40e55df84e5eb6f48c981a2153d1/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列有关仪器使用或用途的叙述中,正确的是( )。A.试管:加热时所盛液体体积不超过试管容积的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/9/10/425569D6347CD4AF065FF5B8AB6A904C.png"><br>B.胶头滴管:向试管中滴加液体时应将胶头滴管伸入试管内<br>C.酒精灯:熄灭酒精灯时可用嘴吹灭<br>D.玻璃棒:常用作搅拌、过滤或转移液体<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2019/d11295f4e6eb419c9828f265bb462728/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列关于化学试剂用量的说法不正确的是( )<br>A.取用固体时,如果没有说明用量一般取1g~2g<br>B.洗涤实验用过的试管时,每次注入1/2试管水,振荡后倒掉<br>C.取用液体时,如果没有说明用量,液体一般取1mL~2mL<br>D.使用酒精灯时,酒精灯内的酒精不超过容积的三分之二<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/e69c189313f242b3a7b56985a8d4f1cd/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/e1048aaaae4f4f7da2f09b5c57643096/FB239981A1E92BBDBACB8A0EEE530C69.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>化学实验中要规范操作,注意安全,下列做法中正确的是( )<br>A.万一药液溅到眼睛里,应立即用水冲洗洗时要眨眼睛<br>B.做过加热实验的玻璃仪器应趁热用冷水冲洗,以免冷却后洗不干净<br>C.给试管中的液体加热时,试管口不能向人,一定要垂直向上,以免伤到别人<br>D.添加液体时,倒入的液体过多,可将多余的液体倒回原试剂瓶,以免浪费<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/ac30f2b7f08346aeb851940deb181bef/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/383fe1ae736d4543916f7c211fc68339/F0DA5FF6F67000365C08918FA22D13E6.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>化学是一门以实验为基础的学科。下列实验操作正确的是( )<br>A.少量的酒精洒在桌面上燃烧起来,应立即用湿抹布扑盖<br>B.被加热的玻璃仪器外壁如有水,不用担心,烧一烧就干了<br>C.用100mL量筒量取9.5mLNaCl溶液<br>D.用托盘天平称量某固体样品的质量为5.00克<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/3d518e1900cf4ba6847a33fb51dfece2/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/bc06e513f52a41cda9f60c7ed6aec8ba/1D2A902ABB40FEA6EE687B761CD69EEA.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列做法不正确的是( )<br>A.将<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/7/11/41D3634CE13BC8A938B2F3701819330A.png"><br>固体放在称量纸上进行称量<br>B.油锅中的油不慎着火,立即用锅盖盖灭<br>C.加热<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/7/11/50C14E2B3A38F1A78CA5F2EE07F2BD7D.png"><br>制取氧气,把盛有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/7/11/50C14E2B3A38F1A78CA5F2EE07F2BD7D.png"><br>的试管管口略向下倾斜固定在铁架台上<br>D.不慎将浓硫酸沾到皮肤,立即用大量水冲洗,再涂上3%~5%的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/7/11/6567F04593B28D8FA6CB62A67123A773.png"><br>溶液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/e44ced1faa184841a378f9c664a51dac/DA50F910BECBBBA4AAB35D7A1AB24524.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/42ff0bc1e8a9401b996c5aa3bdb7cb1f/F17808DB817495DE78315F7396796038.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：较易<br>在空格内简要说明下列错误操作可能造成的不良后果。<br>1.倾倒液体时,标签没向着手心:;<br>2.用试管刷洗涤试管时,用力过猛:;<br>3.实验剩余的药品放回原瓶:;<br>4.加热试管里的液体时,试管口对着人:。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/ac994381a06447d19736faef241a89b4/F99661E9B2FDB5546FD04495AD1E0832.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>出下列操作导致的后果. <br>(1)把块状固体药品直接丢入试管底部,后果是________.<br>(2)倾倒液体时,标签没对着手心,后果是________.<br>(3)量取液体时,视线没有与<br>凹<br>液面的最低处保持水平,后果是________.<br>(4)用燃着的酒精灯点燃另一只酒精灯,后果是________.<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2019/c6ff293e2c5e41ab8772d14f1850dd39/D5A8DDD30ED45E564124E9BDE2FDEB82.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2019/bc122a04e7c94dc99867d90b37eebd13/80FC5D4D2A5CC347C4768B8584342FD4.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：较易<br>做化学实验要正确使用仪器和规范操作,小王同学利用实验室下列仪器进行相关实验操作。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/21/1D72D4BB7D13B4DC2C5153B248531D8C.png"><br>1.加热时需要垫上石棉网的仪器是_____(填字母序号);2.用完仪器E后,必须用_____盖灭;3.写出一点使用仪器B的注意事项_____;4.完成过滤操作,需要用到的玻璃仪器是_____(填字母序号)。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/d4585f71e9b04ce1b14617b562b6d09f/BCFAEA026D773503C16497D4101CF039.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>小<br>刚同学<br>想完成“取<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2013/11/5/5B86724F071425CECC2E42A3819B5836.png"><br>水并加热至沸腾”的实验,请和他一起回答这个实验中的有关问题。<br>1.他应该选用的实验仪器是(填字母)。a.烧杯 b.试管 c.酒精灯 d.铁架台 e.试管夹 f.量筒 g.漏斗 h.胶头滴管2.给试管中液体加热的方法:。3.在加热过程中,试管口不能,以免。4.实验结束后,小刚发现试管炸裂,请你帮他分析一下可能的原因(至少举出两条)<br>①;②。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2013/f0d5098d64a94b91b1df30febb8c1aa9/BAEC2D31D589F94073270CEBDE934F0B.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2013/812da5f8cbd1486881939af321f04349/5A9309E71AE4FFCDCEDA33E19097994C.png"><br><br>
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