2021届中考化学二轮复习重难知识提分训练 （二）化学用语
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>下列化学用语既能表示种元素,又能表示一个原子,还能表示一种单质的是( )<br>A.O<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/8/D350503FAEB172B50F09D85EB5C5B0A3.png"><br>C.Fe<br>D.CO<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/5498e28110294c1b9afa4523f0e5e93b/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/071fa1afb4854cfd8c62c010c9467b54/14FA703183CB893FA067B887A6D16952.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列物质化学式的读法和写法都正确的是( )<br>A.碳酸钠(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/29/CE363B646A637013DCB7AC642E4DDDB8.png"><br>)<br>B.硫酸铁(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/29/082D80F44856B737F86B78C92EC26F4C.png"><br>)<br>C.硫化锌(ZnS)<br>D.硝酸银(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/29/59E4C141DB4B0B50838322F5FB8CF54C.png"><br>)<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/0384a105addd4bd1bd58d2f985b1178a/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>依据氧化铁化学式<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2014/8/30/4291691F67BE513204B38B2B82064543.png"><br>,某同学做出的下列推断中错误的是( )<br>A.氧化铁由铁元素和氧元素组成<br>B.氧化铁中铁元素的化合价是+2<br>C.氧化铁的相对分子质量为160<br>D.氧化铁中铁元素的质量分数为70%<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2014/7dbe9465157e4326997b91d7a4d200d8/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2014/5bd4afdb3d2e459a98aa5a7676def5d7/79F0956B40277A2E96718ACE947EAA2D.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>在化学王国里,数字被赋予了丰富的内涵。对下列化学用语中数字“2”的说法正确的是( )<br>①2H②<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/9/C3FD62C51A678AE89D06CB31084A17A4.png"><br>③<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/9/AB50DA95A0B1CD0D07E552BEDF604CD5.png"><br>④O⑤<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/9/B0DE8437144F5EC2A2A70D2F9D398893.png"><br>⑥<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/9/7ABC3D4696B5AEE53AD62C3A89E04983.png"><br>⑦<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/9/AA5DD1505F1D7A06A012CABC988FF45C.png"><br>A.表示离子个数的是⑤⑥<br>B.表示离子所带电荷数的是④⑤<br>C.表示分子中原子个数的是③⑦<br>D.表示分子个数的是①②<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/48ab1193dff04c64a68cdafe8e0fca05/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/5d83e1bbf0cf4e61ad759601b8174a97/10891F98BBCC06435D4F55A0BBE78DAD.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>《茉莉花》是一首脍炙人口的苏南民歌。茉莉花香气的成分有多种,乙酸苯甲酯(<img)是其中的一种。下列关于乙酸苯甲酯的说法正确的是( )<br>A.乙酸苯甲酯的相对分子质量为150g<br>B.乙酸苯甲酯由碳、氢、氧三种元素组成<br>C.乙酸苯甲酯中碳、氢、氧三种元素的质量比为9∶10∶2<br>D.乙酸苯甲酯分子由碳原子、氢原子、氧分子构成<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2019/b16c7f45ec2f46d0ab7d2aecfde1764a/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2019/330aea9f1fb249388a372e02b2dc726a/353A061005FF0033921A2FAB5FFE6D4C.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>某元素X的原子最外层有3个电子,而Y原子的最外层有6个电子。则这两种元素组成的化合物的化学式可能为( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/23/31707F9506E30CD1CF2323FBF4FED2E1.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/23/ADF80E528ADB1E932A3E9EC67BB18576.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/23/7CA1DEAEACCA2C1203BB8D8B6650D398.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/23/0386A20A31908A695066119ADEED12C9.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/85b18a1e266f49c3ab138bec59e9b2e1/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/91a9471ef4a24089aa0ab281250d683d/43EAF01434D3C2D06BC5600598BE4295.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列关于化学反应2X+Y=2Z的叙述,不正确的是( )<br>A.Z一定是化合物<br>B.若agX与bgY充分反应,生成Z的质量可能为(a+b)g<br>C.若X和Y的相对分子质量分别为m和n,则Z的相对分子质量为(m+n)<br>D.在反应中X、Y、Z三种物质的粒子数目比为2:1:2<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/2a9a59edac384262ab65b53355711456/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列化学方程式书写正确且符合题意的是( )<br>A.用胃舒乳<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/4/9A0DECE41005ACBC881183DC96C7E2DE.png"><br>治疗胃酸过多:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/4/3FF0E681ADCFEBAD679F008F307977EC.png"><br>B.正常雨水的pH约为5.6的原因:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/4/7829281CCE76D31576E3A7AF41BCBFB1.png"><br>C.细铁丝在氧气中燃烧:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/4/F4F0EF3A93041DDDE042EB25DFC689A8.png"><br>D.澄清石灰水吸收二氧化碳:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/4/E2D8D589B3B72FDCB3D5842D6D8A3D09.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/17616d14266a4c4a801bccd66f55d1ed/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/b3e870403d844d7792d8e3d27cf6819f/1559A6D5948D99BC062E3782885460ED.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>煤油中含有噻吩(用X表示),噻吩是令人不愉快的气味,其燃烧时发生反应的化学方程式表示为:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/18/04553D3143756DCF16DC10370293EB90.png"><br>,则噻吩的化学式为( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/18/9EE5347D6973A1A4A70F8D20C8E653EC.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/18/979D84C9F508C6EDB0C6DF312F91F751.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/18/A13A128122FB6E23350FF82415C368F8.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/18/15F4098C4913A279B9FC7DE33865F1C6.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/0911b8e3a76f47ef9c6b78d52f9a2418/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/f5b64ccbfd034478965b66cb5def5951/9831842509E8D62C98775BF46E4F71D6.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>有反应<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/28/80D2ABDA2494C26CCFF4ACA844D561C6.png"><br>(其中A、D是化合物,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/28/8E8C6B8B722DCFCF690B24FF89EF9297.png"><br>、<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/28/9B5BB07CDC9A53096F3978DF6E6B4B36.png"><br>是单质)。若13.6gA与21.3g<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/28/8E8C6B8B722DCFCF690B24FF89EF9297.png"><br>恰好完全反应,生成32.1gD,已知<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/9/28/9B5BB07CDC9A53096F3978DF6E6B4B36.png"><br>的相对分子质量为28,则B的相对原子质量为( )<br>A.14 B.16 C.32 D.35.5<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/7dac37788e3b4bafbf559f2d9fd896b1/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/db2b981d14074c8eaf3af27baf0bd37c/18E49DDF4946DE6A75F488B7B1481D0F.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>甘肃优秀学子、华东师范大学姜雪峰教授被国际纯粹与应用化学联合会遴选为“全球青年化学家元素周期表硫元素代表”。硫元素在元素周期表中的信息如图甲所示,硫原子的结构示意图如图乙所示:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/1/229D86E0190C347E07A29BBD0EE37D25.png"><br>1.硫元素的相对原子质量是______________________。<br>2.图乙中<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/1/A4C256EC618BF189591BEC8023C3E1BD.png"><br>的数值是______________________。3.硫元素和钠元素可形成硫化钠,其化学式为______________________。4.用正确的化学用语表示下列加点部分的含义。①构成某硫单质的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/1/A373E4C73B5F0D2ED1EED6328095717D.png"><br>:______________________。②硫原子易得电子形成<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/1/53F7A0D8CC720C90490407EB458B8A89.png"><br>:______________________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/9a3879066473410f95d193b243c40c71/BEE6158D49BB6CCB8F6A8866EF346E63.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/4072edf1394c40b0a2628bb27537dee4/BFEB6A499BAF0C26EF3457C8B21E9D81.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>今后学习常见物质时,会从“价”和“类”两个方面进行学习。下图表示铁元素的常见化合价与含铁物质类别的关系。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/11/7EC917C5ACF8F477D9212A172D8D3B89.png"><br>1.X的物质类别是。<br>2.铁和稀硫酸反应生成的含铁化合物属于上图中的(填序号)。<br>3.某同学想用物质a制取物质b,设计了以下实验步骤:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/11/94CDD5673A67BBA56514C419736F2CA6.png"><br>物质a与稀盐酸反应的化学方程式为_______。溶液乙中的溶质一定有_______。如果向盛有溶液甲的烧杯中滴加NaOH溶液至过量,下列图像能正确表示烧杯中溶液质量变化的是_______(填序号)。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/11/F7BAAC8C9BEEF8B006A3916D0DCB29DE.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/bf222ca6f74e42bcb02e243aec44b720/2C2858D56465B3338685799BF15C464C.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/4800f23b3dee4acba34a876a6c1e6a21/B228477FAD0C8120F7D9B816279A275E.png"><br><br>
页:
[1]