吉林省长春市2020届中考化学试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>人类每时每刻都离不开空气,其中能供给呼吸的是( )<br>A.氮气 B.氧气 C.稀有气体 D.二氧化碳<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/b04a3e90155d48feacf69afd01185e77/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/f2deaecf4f0f4510af9bb24494490326/1C948455139FE864F1C40CE299203D72.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>我国古代科技发展成果卓著,下列成果的应用中只发生物理变化的是( )<br>A.司南指示方向 B.高温烧制陶瓷<br>C.古代湿法炼铜 D.谷物酿造美酒<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/4cd4743cdd1346aa98f2faf6759343fd/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/4a41310ad6d34cf9b8caa1fe37372e02/BF35CE9BD4A182A51C5647B9B45024DE.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>物质是由微观粒子构成的,下列物质由原子直接构成的是( )<br>A.金刚石 B.水蒸气 C.氯化钠 D.碳酸钠<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/658ad674e7c64e4b8ad7bed1b7a46a14/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/997bede782b9448780ef69b9b8348a3e/FCF6BD7550D1055E2D07C677D2ECF784.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列酒精灯的使用正确的是( )。A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/496F1BAB78D9F3E502E03B0AA0F0BB95.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/02BF27FFEBA37EA2FDA0B77DAE909A36.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/42AA9E1DB1F90A650155487A831DBF96.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/952A1E2A693ED593520E945D6097D87C.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/b7ac8b03b6dc40b18fdaef819d32ad2a/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/0b6dfdb115cd4e22ac34010a166f41d8/7B6187F74EB914836986B7581D3D5B99.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>黑火药是中国四大发明之,其主要反应为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/98EDAA0EC8A1E73C8CFAC5340DDA24EA.png"><br>,下列说法正确的是( )<br>A.X的化学式为2N<br>B.该反应属于复分解反应<br>C.该反应前后各元素的化合价均未改变<br>D.参加反应的碳、硫质量比为9:8<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/cd34a00b5b2c4abcb073c366d65c37d1/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/0b25434d8a1e46f9a00ad22ec9a7fca9/1C792E839373DB643327478FDA66E460.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>材料、能源、环境、健康等方面问题的解决离不开化学的发展,下列说法错误的是( )<br>A.塑料、合成纤维、合成橡胶都属于合成材料<br>B.煤、石油、天然气都是不可再生能源<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/FEE2AF04AC195EC54627F2DBE19E11D6.png"><br>都是污染环境的有毒气体<br>D.钙、铁、锌都是人体必不可少的金属元素<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/f28b176adb73488b9c49122ce59f98a6/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/c904f0cc13f7488da7722b646f4e70e7/E3798EAA8A6037A927CE386E18EB53CD.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列因果关系错误的是( )<br>A.因为分子构成不同,所以水和过氧化氢的化学性质不同<br>B.因为质子数不同,所以碳原子和氮原子所属的元素种类不同<br>C.因为碳原子排列方式不同,所以金刚石和石墨的性质完全不同<br>D.因为电子层数及最外层电子数不同,所以钠原子<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/17A00E7F45F0DA41F69AC1E7D0E81107.png"><br>和钠离子<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/ED65BF7446100B50CE0669DA76216D52.png"><br>的化学性质不同<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/67795bb86c2343cf83f65efba9bd007f/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/e1b3bfc6809e49cf8b3d2896be70b6bb/D425315545729A56B6A9519B582552A3.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列有关金属材料的说法错误的是( )<br>A.在潮湿的空气中铁易生锈<br>B.金属的回收利用是保护金属资源的有效途径之一<br>C.铝和金都有很好的抗腐蚀性,是因为二者的化学性质都很稳定<br>D.高炉炼铁的原理是在高温条件下,用一氧化碳把铁从铁矿石里还原出来<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/1f723914e4734c08ac7c37195d2118d6/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/459ddfd554e84f309dc79f3e5cd766b4/934259FD014F129F4AA20E47939B58F7.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列探究实验能达到目的的是( )<br>A.探究温度对分子运动速率的影响,只将少量品红加入到热水中<br>B.探究三种金属的活动性强弱,只将Fe、Cu、Ag分别加入到稀盐酸中<br>C.探究<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/19DB00263A67B64F8C686CD794139E8F.png"><br>是否是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/E947C2E36CD3B4692A2CC3A67A71F96C.png"><br>分解的催化剂,比较<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/19DB00263A67B64F8C686CD794139E8F.png"><br>加到<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/E947C2E36CD3B4692A2CC3A67A71F96C.png"><br>溶液前后产生气泡快慢<br>D.探究吸入空气和呼出气体中<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/CE3FB2E68B350B28E5B76D176FE3FE33.png"><br>含量不同,将燃着的木条分别伸入等体积两种气体中<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/783d5bf4ffa14b4a8d7b54e3a5224a3a/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/e535fb9655df42c8af94ca7dfc56863e/9C7A08F3761514FCF228239C54BB6B87.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：容易<br>用化学用语回答下列问题:<br>1.碳原子 ;<br>2.两个钾离子;3.氧气。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/5955b2c74a8249f28ccf121b0743a311/150B5C34679301E38DCC839C7E917561.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/76f36fce99f94b49a4c411d4a887ed0b/247A9E0945A58C2FC971538FB54C4958.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：较易<br>锌<br>相对原子质量的国际新标准由张青莲教授主持测定。根据如图,回答下列问题:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/216B5B8F19A18FC2F619CC8A1031D9AA.png"><br>1.锌元素的相对原子质量为;2.锌元素属于(选填“金属”或“非金属”)元素;3.锌原子在化学反应中容易(选填“得到”或“失去”)电子。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/78655da997614c2bba5f3abf62f5ce60/AC7432501DDCA961FDA254A2C4E6D759.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/fa15b4c4bbfd485197072b78786a21a9/9049C2D44E31DCD1B98AB203597242C3.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：较易<br>如图是某矿泉水标签的部分内容,根据标签回答下列问题:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/0FB8A5824A904F4399C4C34296AABD2A.png"><br>1.该矿泉水是(选填“纯净物”或“混合物”);<br>2.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/C30CA93DCCF24939A7C4C005FFEEDDE9.png"><br>中Si的化合价为 ;3.标签上共列举了种金属阳离子;<br>4.该矿泉水呈(选填“酸性”、“碱性”或“中性”)。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/72fd9414559b444d8e5289527e8a1c10/5EB39347873D970EB382118D467F9E95.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/ce6185299cd345799e0141e9f26c064c/68E60B954FB0F88C7EEEFD6FE1469A8F.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>根据<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/128F55B144935C78E07F02CFC2D09193.png"><br>和<br>NaCl<br>的溶解度曲线,回答下列问题:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/6D068879D34719B36E38355A0578F213.png"><br>1.10℃时,溶解度较小的是(选填“<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/128F55B144935C78E07F02CFC2D09193.png"><br>”或“NaCl”);<br>2.根据溶解度曲线分析,从海水中获得粗盐不采用降温结晶方法的原因是;3.下列说法正确的是。A.将不饱和的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/128F55B144935C78E07F02CFC2D09193.png"><br>溶液变为饱和,可采用加<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/128F55B144935C78E07F02CFC2D09193.png"><br>的方法B.20℃时,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/128F55B144935C78E07F02CFC2D09193.png"><br>和NaCl两种饱和溶液中,所含溶质质量NaCl大于<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/128F55B144935C78E07F02CFC2D09193.png"><br>C.30℃时,溶质质量分数为20%的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/128F55B144935C78E07F02CFC2D09193.png"><br>溶液甲,降温至20℃得到溶液乙,再降温至10℃得到溶液丙,三种溶液中溶质的质量分数大小关系:甲=乙>丙<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/830041bf0a8d4c2783d1d5f3667be8bc/C02259EBA0B6CB32C136DF6CDEA7483A.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/441da63ff7a145098c260a1a0bd640ad/F6A8FAB08A7D934A071875845B739D6A.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>根据下图回答问题:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/11/21100DF1F05B371E36407F343EF14226.png"><br>1.加入稀盐酸至过量能观察到的现象是_____________;<br>2.反应中,数目减少的离子是_____________(填离子符号);<br>3.验证反应后溶液中稀盐酸有剩余,下列操作可行的是_____________。A.取样,加入<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/11/C2C34E258C817EA060955A37A09CA14E.png"><br>粉末B.取样,滴加<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/11/FC36191549301C2A156A2084670322F1.png"><br>溶液C.取样,加入<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/11/0125C0E265985712A3A9CAA2643B9043.png"><br>粉末D.取样,滴加<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/11/C09DD76B9792A4D62AC4145DC76E807C.png"><br>溶液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/42e0930462114f06af809225d592156d/156BE497B1290D383D9CC1F0A46D0705.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/395eaa724e4340ad81a14ef0e2c8fe6c/2231E5BDB2B847F5C8F0A26EEFFBA819.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>某实验小组用<br>6%<br>的氯化钠溶液(密度约为<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/C831C595DAF164C22202E9CB6937F02D.png"><br>)配制<br>50g<br>质量分数为<br>3%<br>的氯化钠溶液,步骤如下:①计算;②量取;③混匀;④装瓶贴标签。回答下列问题:<br>1.计算需要6%的氯化钠溶液的体积是mL(结果取整数);<br>2.实验中用到的仪器有25mL的量筒、细口瓶、烧杯、 ;3.下列实验操作会导致所配溶液中溶质的质量分数一定偏大的是 。A.量取6%的氯化钠溶液时仰视读数B.向烧杯内加入水时有液体溅出C.混匀过程中没有使用玻璃棒搅拌D.配制好的溶液装入未干燥的细口瓶<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/d4631ca87ab04ad1ae890597a5b25477/D9AA5F3E1BEC456B058C978A53639BFA.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/d6fff4869cfa4b02a2a51d1b8a4a1c29/C4BEB63E1A8F0D450B5DC53DC5A8C246.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>小明想探究<br>家中厨房用某种洗涤剂的成分,他将洗涤剂的粉末带到学校寻求老师的帮助。在老师指导下,小<br>明讲行了<br>大胆的猜想与实验:<br>[<br>提出问题<br>]<br>洗涤剂中主要含有哪些物质?<br>[<br>做出猜想<br>]<br>小<br>明根据<br>所学酸碱<br>盐知识<br>做出以下猜想:<br>猜想<br>一<br>:可能含有<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/FE3636BDA702519EC7C298DD448AC029.png"><br>猜想二:可能含有<br>猜想三:可能含有<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/FE3636BDA702519EC7C298DD448AC029.png"><br>和<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/19368BCEA38236AEA0A0E3F3E2379C69.png"><br>[<br>进行实验<br>]<br>实验<br>一<br>:取少量粉末,加水溶解得到无色溶液,滴加紫色石蕊溶液后,溶液变为<br>色,说明洗涤剂的溶液显碱性。<br>实验二:取少量粉末,滴加足量的稀盐酸,有无色无味气体产生。将生成气体通入澄清石灰水,观察到<br>,证实洗涤剂中含有<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/FE3636BDA702519EC7C298DD448AC029.png"><br>[<br>查阅资料<br>]<br>小明查阅资料得知<br>(<br>)该洗涤剂中含有<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/049D802E7350A56DC61AAD18655E5681.png"><br>、<br>NaOH<br>等;(<br>)<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/049D802E7350A56DC61AAD18655E5681.png"><br>溶液显碱性。<br>[<br>小结反思<br>]<br>实验二中产生气体的化学方程式为<br>[<br>实验验证<br>]<br>该洗涤剂中还含有<br>NaOH<br>实验三中可选试剂:<br>A.<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/56D2A73F2531F3EB6732E1B05B2AEE20.png"><br>溶液<br>B.<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/AE3E8DF163B27831F2F3DF0B653B58B0.png"><br>溶液<br>C.NaCl<br>溶液<br>D.<br>稀盐酸<br>E.<br>石蕊溶液<br>F.<br>酚酞溶液<br>实验三:取少量粉末,加水配成溶液,加入稍过量的<br>(选填字母编号,下同),产生了白色沉淀,再加几滴<br>,溶液变为红色,证实洗涤剂中还含有<br>NaOH<br>[<br>实验结论<br>]<br>该洗涤剂中含有<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/049D802E7350A56DC61AAD18655E5681.png"><br>和<br>NaOH<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/38e9bbc1b3194fe4a6cd6aedfa49e2c7/60F0E1ECCD594FCFEB3F76A3D507393D.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/fbd14c29ab5248a1811c2212e0f80af0/4C4988D314476D5E11163E6E4236C51D.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>接触法生产硫酸的工艺流程如图:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/73E797FCD6C72CDD46B6EB24A835E174.png"><br>回答下列问题:<br>1.第1步反应中将液态硫喷入反应器的目的是;<br>2.写出第4步化学反应方程式 ;3.第1步至第4步流程中涉及到的物质,属于氧化物的有 (用化学式表示);4.若用3.2吨硫为原料,则理论上能产出98%的浓硫酸 吨。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/311f24ce4f6948c683caef85f5234099/C61AE9188A77C1C1F59514C92D82FEB3.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/017b71f33fcd416fa835eca4106e3cc0/D836B80F1ABFF0BC7D506686126D49D9.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>粗盐中除了含有<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/13/167FA22263F566DF8C5FB8D782CB3F9C.png"><br>外,还含有少量<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/13/A75147AE9C1A0D42FD93E19786E7F219.png"><br>及泥沙等杂质。下图是常用的粗盐精制操作流程:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/13/ECEE96F7E7C891FBE19978AC6E838F80.png"><br>回答下列问题:<br>1.操作1相当于实验室中的_________操作;<br>2.沉淀1的化学式为_________;<br>3.加入过量试剂1的目的是_________;<br>4.滤液4中含有的阴离子是_________(填离子符号)。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/c01f797145fe4033b2f4320717726417/59E5AB795D7B4B68531522EA760A4C64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/1f4485b6d817458b8a5105903cc6397b/2D86F5C9C9F2751CEFAD5ABFF027346A.png"><br><br>
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