湖北省孝感市2021届九年级下学期开学考试化学试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>打雷放电时,空气中有极少量氧气会转化成臭氧<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/DB77D3FBA6C7FFC88D05F04E40097D84.png"><br>,下列有关说法中正确的是( )<br>A.该变化是物理变化<br>B.反应前后元素的化合价发生了改变<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/CE3FB2E68B350B28E5B76D176FE3FE33.png"><br>与<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/98B09966E403D6DBB96C22A27C79B4E8.png"><br>是不同的物质<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/CE3FB2E68B350B28E5B76D176FE3FE33.png"><br>与<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/98B09966E403D6DBB96C22A27C79B4E8.png"><br>的性质完全相同<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/39d33668c8c4490eb11dd35eb5899e20/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/11e232de352f4607927ab81701cb2d7d/AB114F7F4DF279EAA84E64A4BAE1C00F.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>类推的思维方法在化学学习与研究中是一种常用的推理方法,如乙酸<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/68C7D690F0AFBFB2B3208DBED9D2F911.png"><br>过氧乙酸<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/431DBE1BF93F7A18D20561F45880D30D.png"><br>,氧化钠<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/046357678AB8EDBEBCD4D980669ABF13.png"><br>过氧化钠<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/AC62BC8943314AA3F2A1B52B2AD4C6AC.png"><br>;由此类推,过氧化钙的化学式为( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/B52B95752DD9E088775908EC76AD7CB1.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/DDC7D8484A23AE0638F4E8449ED2D256.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/897E1D6CB386DC721126DA6C1994DD81.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/4C665ECA11E8579F73904EDC2844E0AE.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/34fb8c4166554618bb825373e42e0943/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/18e13a63481b47bc91a8f297a861a9f9/B8A78CCC59691A153277F2D590AE8F56.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>近日我州某地成功处置了一辆满载三氯化磷<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/E48655DE0DA96B519B9A90F0283BDF9C.png"><br>的车辆泄漏事故.三氯化磷是一种重要的无机盐工业产品,无色液体、密度<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/58025542CC2668465C47748A40387AAA.png"><br>,熔点<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/9195FBD2935EFA3E4DD4D3E0AF35E5C9.png"><br>,沸点<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/55C80885B88E6E112C87A3A59EB8B246.png"><br>,易燃.遇水反应生成亚磷酸<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/8E800FA3EB7ADD93A10BCE4CD5AE1F04.png"><br>和氯化氢,与有机物接触会着火.下列对三氯化磷的说法错误的是( )<br>A.三氯化磷中磷元素的化合价为+3<br>B.运输过程中如果发生燃烧时,可以用水浇灭<br>C.运输途中应防雨淋和防高温<br>D.三氯化磷与水反应的化学方程式:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/77FFEE78F7E602505ACE4FFB1E325480.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/41fcc476c38e4bc394203a44a2fe9b6d/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/bf3c7a2f04804556b82d62af4ffc4ebe/2459E35DFD6CB6539042B662AFE9EEFB.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>分别将下列各组物质(其中酸是过量的)同时加入水中,最后能得到无色透明的溶液的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/508FBF1B99076C976BE5DF3A09BF96A8.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/6845B902C6B5529AA3BE0EDA3E62533A.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/2DA5D1C8F7B1F85FF0EC201B3640E77F.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/BE68F7D29B93DF6A242EE4FC77F5F9BA.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/c2cbe16d94fc4946b4bef761f3ebf213/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/11a5cbcbd77c4046af07f920a6753f50/007CCEE22183CAB20B22CC00A2C05B79.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>如图是甲、乙两种物质的溶解度曲线。在<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/32950889DA083F8FEB4B456B77CE675B.png"><br>时向盛有100g水的烧杯中先后加入<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/DFC2BB4A48D8C59AEBAF9D855B9CB0AF.png"><br>甲和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/DFC2BB4A48D8C59AEBAF9D855B9CB0AF.png"><br>乙(两种物质溶解时互不影响),充分搅拌。将混合物的温度降低到<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/97DE7627ECA82C404E1EFD3560FA9B7B.png"><br>.下列说法正确的是( )<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/2FFB189BD440FF57DE9E73EDACD08279.png"><br> A.甲物质的溶解度随温度升高而减小<br>B.温度降低到<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/97DE7627ECA82C404E1EFD3560FA9B7B.png"><br>时,得到甲、乙的饱和溶液<br>C.温度降低到<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/97DE7627ECA82C404E1EFD3560FA9B7B.png"><br>时,甲、乙的溶质质量分数相等,得到甲、乙的不饱和溶液<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/32950889DA083F8FEB4B456B77CE675B.png"><br>时,甲物质的溶液为饱和溶液,乙物质的溶液为不饱和溶液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/88e0c833e1704f26a6ea960a16daaedf/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/b0d2a9f768b64341990ed5c8dffe8ca3/B2B353AC4E7B2B8706B58FC24EF774E1.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>2004年,美国科学家通过“勇气”号太空车探测出火星大气中含有一种称为硫化羰(化学式为COS,羰音<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/CC609BD9DB8C8C90248026A9EF04D762.png"><br>)的物质,已知硫化羰与二氧化碳的结构相似,但能在氧气中完全燃烧,下列有关硫化羰的说法正确的是( )<br>A.硫化羰可用作灭火剂<br>B.硫化羰中各元素质量之比为1:1:1<br>C.硫化羰是氧化物<br>D.硫化羰在氧气中完全燃烧后的生成物是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/EDB13CADACDD0611FCC469162027418E.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/3602e5a0fe884e3fb59fe70dcdbc4d1c/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/4e25fcfa5be342d896d28b1f76f4946c/9936ED4B9A0D0C2327695E67CF4F65A5.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>向<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/A168BBF6D87674D2C43F7A3F17935CF7.png"><br>的混合溶液中加入一定量铁粉,完全反应后过滤,不可能存在的现象是( )<br>A.滤纸上有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/493EBEEDF19371F4B24DBA2CF9132BF9.png"><br>,滤液中有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/A3F6DA144B22C3489E3C398587EFB8E3.png"><br>B.滤纸上有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/E4FDFD179F48F67FC45AFF6B5E270A78.png"><br>,滤液中有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/B194114AC2BB130119E31736F738F030.png"><br>C.滤纸上有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/58DAB5A0ABD6044A794F65879E611AB4.png"><br>滤液中有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/B194114AC2BB130119E31736F738F030.png"><br>D.滤纸上有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/58DAB5A0ABD6044A794F65879E611AB4.png"><br>滤液中有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/16/B38AAFA6A2A77FB304E9DB41CEA31A9E.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/67f6060168a54fd1947d8869fd6a8187/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/d08764244653458585faee3e3e85fddb/BB8997B2DD7FAEAB2D564D683FA90A61.png"><br><br>※题型：多选题※知识点：多选题※试题难度：较难<br>有一溶液是由盐酸、硫酸、硫酸铁、氯化铁、稀硝酸、硝酸铁几种中的两种混合而成,向该溶液中加<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/AE3E8DF163B27831F2F3DF0B653B58B0.png"><br>溶液的体积与生成沉淀的质量关系如图所示,则该溶液是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/11/BFC36AD41954B1D8CF0CB90E275811EB.png"><br>A.硝酸、硝酸铁 B.硫酸、氯化铁<br>C.盐酸、氯化铁 D.盐酸、硫酸铁<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/d5e6084c24504be38c74db3006d35720/3B542E2E5009FB2B8A841B80B58D5603.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/a7079a2df9f1485c9a20f9e87badadd2/7B0F2AE168CA64115153E7EA31BA073B.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：较易<br>写出下列物质的化学式或化学符号:<br>①<br>个<br>铝原子<br>________<br>;<br>②<br>个醋酸分子<br>________<br>;<br>③<br>个硫酸根离子<br>________<br>;<br>④<br>标出氯化铁中铁元素的化合价<br>________<br>.<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/b495280000b84564b37964b03457f641/0DEFA4F621CA81A3635459494EF89FE5.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/754a6b75fa784455bf5edd0ea3e1fc46/0A63D301E2D9D90AE0334C57CEC57CBF.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：较易<br>化学与生活紧密联系.学完酸碱的知识后,小<br>明同学<br>动手做下列实验:<br>1.用pH试纸测定溶液的pH时,正确的操作是________.<br>2.小明同学用pH试纸按正确操作测定洗发剂和护发剂的pH.测得洗发剂的pH略大于7,则洗发剂显________性;测得护发剂的pH略小于7,则护发剂显________性.3.弱酸性有益于头发的健康.想一想,洗发时应先用________剂,后用________剂.<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/79fef9136d0c41ee85c88cf3e6d68df8/ADE550502A7C1B33864ED974E1845872.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/42869a03ecda40fa96b1e09d8f776654/EA72B603FCD18E090340585F88830C08.png"><br><br>※题型：计算题※知识点：计算题※试题难度：中等<br>154.7g<br>某硫酸恰好与<br>6.5g<br>的<br>锌完全<br>反应,试计算:<br>1.生成氢气的质量是________g.2.充分反应后所得溶液中溶质质量分数是多少?(写出计算过程)<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/f4d80f75c15944dd8d9ce2cf5f4a4f51/2EF6EE1E0F926A07B116C9754FEA440C.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>
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