2020-2021学年九年级下册化学人教版单元测试AB卷 第十单元 酸和碱 B卷 能力提升
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>分别向甲、乙、丙三种无色溶液中滴加紫色石蕊溶液、观察到甲溶液变红色,乙溶液变蓝色,丙溶液变紫色。则它们的pH由小到大的排列是( )<br>A.甲、乙、丙 B.甲、丙、乙 C.乙、甲、丙 D.丙、甲、乙<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/8dd4a71348e5432384630841664fc4f0/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>在一定量的稀氢氧化钠溶液(加入了2~3滴酚酞试液)中加入一定量的稀盐酸。不能说明两者发生了中和反应的事实是( )<br>A.酚酞试液的颜色逐渐变浅直至变成无色<br>B.混合溶液的温度升高到最大值后减小<br>C.混合溶液的pH由大于7逐渐减小到小于7<br>D.滴入适量的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/12/8A763D71E086C83FA2DCFA8805132E5B.png"><br>溶液和稀硝酸,观察到有白色沉淀产生<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/dba6f11067084831a6e3d05e9b951a0e/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>镧(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/9/4E09B78E9460C8BBBE8AEAED504A89A2.png"><br>)是一种活动性比锌更强的元素,它的氧化物的化学式是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/9/944D33C2C9393EF68440E64086F587EE.png"><br>,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/9/27540E7578EFB2D59D839BB340D1C095.png"><br>是不溶于水的碱,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/9/CDBF9FD2C74796EB691AB3F36D71D161.png"><br>都可溶于水。由此推断下列几组物质组合,不能直接反应制取<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/9/7116544076058000CF279F9261974FE3.png"><br>的是( )。A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/9/4E09B78E9460C8BBBE8AEAED504A89A2.png"><br>和稀盐酸<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/9/944D33C2C9393EF68440E64086F587EE.png"><br>和稀盐酸<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/9/27540E7578EFB2D59D839BB340D1C095.png"><br>和稀盐酸<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/9/27540E7578EFB2D59D839BB340D1C095.png"><br>和氯化钾溶液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2019/86e58d6ce7754d5e8970f3e8bf1c3fe5/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2019/ad3ec976a9f4461b9aaf6b14617f3aa3/94B0609689CA245DBF19C0E8E590A2D3.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>紫甘蓝汁液在不同酸碱度下的颜色变化如下:<br><tbody><br>pH<br>1<br>2~3<br>4~6<br>7~9<br>10<br>11<br>12~14<br>颜色<br>深红<br>紫红<br>浅紫<br>蓝<br>绿<br>黄绿<br>黄<br></tbody> <br>下列物质能使紫甘蓝汁液变黄的是( )。A.盐酸 B.水<br>C.氢氧化钠溶液 D.酒精<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/62c2d27ce9d44655a469279afb8bccfe/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/6ce44b5922a34255b55dd61192f6e054/4C41614BFA45EC959392CF9490A23E12.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>将浓盐酸、浓硫酸敞口放置一段时间,它们共同的变化是( )。A.颜色发生改变 B.发生化学变化<br>C.质量变小 D.溶质的质量分数变小<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/a9cb3538ff6346cb9b96d4524d6432f5/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/a8f4b002efad4975ab184a3194c40945/1F873C2047B5B4B87E672B55AAD1AC2E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列验证“<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/10/24/2CDE0F762BD7700FF2FA8DAF5ED6EB61.png"><br>溶液反应”的装置中,不能观察到明显现象的是(装置气密性均良好)( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/10/24/528E8B60B4EDF62D8D8C48B64752401A.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/10/24/F1D77342AF264C18325CFB77E353EC6B.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/10/24/97D2D87CE97BC0F673E83FB18724619F.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/10/24/ED1F6C8DA8F9B5BDA7AE78962EA475A5.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2019/b9f56adfd0b24114bbe2404be5f6e9f7/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2019/f763bb699ed24f1880909b02de03f270/35C6E0F59DFA993B8055A12D72B5BD52.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下面是某同学进行碱的化学性质实验时记录的实验现象,其中与事实不相符的是( )。A.在<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2015/5/14/899E87B27F1236109AC87103F2D31DB2.png"><br>溶液中加入稀盐酸,无明显变化<br>B.在NaOH溶液中通入<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2015/5/14/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>气体,有白色沉淀生成<br>C.在<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2015/5/14/899E87B27F1236109AC87103F2D31DB2.png"><br>溶液中加入几滴石蕊溶液,溶液呈蓝色<br>D.在NaOH溶液中加入<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2015/5/14/53DCB02F2927495D25664D94F91F97E6.png"><br>溶液,有蓝色沉淀生成<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2015/d5de218dab08476f8e7d500a3f6fdc56/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2015/cf936abc49be4821837d451839aaac00/8AD8818B329D84E35D3DEE2657154382.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>用pH计测得一些物质的pH如下:<br><tbody><br>物质<br>苹果汁<br>西瓜汁<br>牛奶<br>鸡蛋清<br>炉具清洁剂<br>pH<br>2.9<br>5.8<br>6.4<br>7.6<br>12.5<br></tbody> <br>下列说法正确的是( )。A.牛奶放置一段时间后变酸,pH变大<br>B.等量的西瓜汁比苹果汁所含氢离子数多<br>C.炉具清洁剂的碱性比鸡蛋清的碱性强<br>D.胃酸过多的人应该多喝苹果汁<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2019/c16ec9bb33c4406d9978da45b3a114b8/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2019/be56cfd067ae4f4b8d8277349b376286/F3EFF7A2D59F2B34D13ECB4278B92AAC.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列处理废水的方法利用了中和反应原理的是( )<br>A.用石灰石处理尾气中的SO<sub>2</sub><br>B.用臭氧处理废水中的氧化物<br>C.用铁粉处理酸性废水<br>D.用熟石灰处理废水中的酸<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/e3fec87b2d2a45ecba4415580732df07/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/c8f8630d808b4fa08eec37ada44ee236/C18E6D095B825806121B9D4AB40CECFE.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>利用如图所示的实验探究物质的性质。下列叙述错误的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/8/2A8BF281329B4114630AF221C528CD4A.png"><br>A.②处有气泡,③处无现象,则可判断锌、铜的金属活动性强弱<br>B.①②④⑤处有明显现象,则M可能为稀盐酸<br>C.⑤处固体明显减少,则M可能为稀硫酸<br>D.⑥处反应放热,则M可能是氢氧化钠溶液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/e6853237ac35414199808d60e7ad8109/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/43e44804f5cd4db590b9317958545fb7/A0182AE7A90B4EDA89CBBB92BEF60BD3.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>将氢氧化钠稀溶液滴加到醋酸稀溶液中,下列各图示意混合溶液有关量或性质的变化趋势,其中错误的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/24/CB32276C88DFC176A4D7F55C06522B45.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/24/D0C21D305D88A97CF0C45F996644CF00.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/24/80F8D90EAD4EB80BF580E68137118F16.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/24/069C2E9D439C624B0513695A5E3D2375.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/ee3a54f33e154d578b6feddc214d256e/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>向一定质量的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/8/53DCB02F2927495D25664D94F91F97E6.png"><br>溶液中滴加NaOH溶液一段时间后,改为滴加稀盐酸,所得溶液质量随加入试剂总体积的变化趋势如图所示。下列有关说法不正确的是[提示:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/8/A50CDEA0FC2CB3757DBB7BEF19F4D6B9.png"><br>]( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/8/861A87B6E3737688BC090AF65B0DD6BB.png"><br>A.b点时所加试剂一定是稀盐酸<br>B.加入试剂总体积为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/8/6C78CE86BC162A137AF8BA788DA54155.png"><br>时,溶液中不存在NaOH<br>C.c点时溶液中的溶质都是盐<br>D.a点时溶液中一定不存在Cu<sup>2</sup><sup>+</sup><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/fb78ab1907d84a348716b86b71dc9a46/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/288f2e607e184fb9b8080b433eddedee/AF447CCBEE54574B42045AA6DFE36C7E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>氧化铜与稀盐酸发生反应时,容器中溶液总质量随时间的变化曲线如图7-1-7所示。下列说法错误的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/10/0C3E7D3606CB3538D92064E3E2035608.png"><br>A.该实验是将稀盐酸逐渐加入到盛有氧化铜的容器中<br>B.m点表示氧化铜与稀盐酸恰好完全反应<br>C.m点和n点对应溶液中铜元素的质量不相等<br>D.m点和n点对应溶液蒸发结晶后得到的固体成分相同<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/8a6ee6172bf84d9c9f8be85e6c92cd3d/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/95604843a18d43d1b752ebb1956173fe/91ED19FC422F5291C80E48A98D019D84.png"><br><br>
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