2020-2021学年九年级下册化学人教版单元测试AB卷 第十单元 酸和碱 A卷 基础夯实
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列实验操作正确的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/14/59350B1B099A5987330F6B88920826A6.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/14/7E26906270FA1235694C11D6C4D76365.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/14/CDEF50E6CE349C6236A59882733BEFF5.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/14/DCCD16DE00FDBAED9366723BD3ED6383.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/25bf836861244dcdb3983e02760599ca/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/c0627464124d4f8fab0809ab3b24ad75/D22742103287673E98E7B7B2D6D387B6.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>常温下,些饮料或食物的近似pH如下:<br><tbody><br>食物<br>柠檬汁<br>橙子汁<br>西瓜汁<br>鸡蛋清<br>pH<br>2.2~2.4<br>3.6~4.3<br>5.3~6.1<br>7.6~8.0<br></tbody><br>下列说法中正确的是( )<br>A.胃酸过多的人应多喝柠檬汁<br>B.西瓜汁和鸡蛋清显碱性<br>C.西瓜汁比柠檬汁酸性强<br>D.柠檬汁和橙子汁显酸性<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/89ec73d09a7e4800bc1f18670455d790/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/1bf0459acc0f49e098c1724f78d42a49/DAA1185B08275D7173E0142BC56536DF.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>一些水果的pH如下,其中酸性最强的是( )<br>A.柠檬pH=2.3 B.青苹果pH=3.1<br>C.西瓜pH=5.8 D.柿子pH=8.5<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/838ffabe9df54a81a0a9200f32e76fcc/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/67a0646d570a46489d1000bac05c89ab/60D593956B75B1599F95435CCFC4B362.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列做法不是利用中和反应原理的是( )<br>A.用熟石灰改良酸性土壤<br>B.用氨水处理废水中的硫酸<br>C.用含氢氧化镁的药物治疗胃酸过多<br>D.用碳酸氢钠除去发面中过多的酸<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/335eff563a5048088c1125d21389d7c3/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/44940f67a59740bbbf91c7ed868c2af1/BFEC36687FAD77A2D7D48DF80175B7A1.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>人被昆虫叮咬后皮肤红肿起泡,这是由于昆虫在皮肤内注入了少量蚁酸。下表中的生活用品可用来涂在皮肤上消肿的是( )<br><tbody><br>选项<br>A<br>B<br>C<br>D<br>物质<br>肥皂水<br>食醋<br>橙汁<br>食盐水<br>pH<br>10<br>3<br>6<br>7<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/ba482e5dc9ca452ab475a1e2bf7db1f7/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/563e2a7fa6f8469eacfb8295349053c6/DED35617DAE7DFB1CC5979C0A1ACF285.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>某同学用pH试纸测定未知溶液的pH时,他先用蒸馏水将pH试纸湿润,然后再测定,则他所测得的未知溶液pH将( )<br>A.偏大 B.偏小 C.无影响 D.无法确定<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/672174249b2b4c2b8cce316576ceb0c5/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/adff77eb81d649a29e86e309492e73e0/216F9BF50D62E370FC5EE12CC25F31B9.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列物质露置在空气中一段时间后,因为发生化学变化质量增加的是( )<br>A.浓硫酸 B.浓盐酸 C.氢氧化钠 D.石灰石<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/413a996e0bf740e5aa2a2b6f16ac2f90/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/3b27fd5da8f2496b8cd949c9bee8eef4/A61E0374C312E010A4739BF8F268E3CA.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>醋酸(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/7/25/84F455FD7DDF3C9FCE0A5202A131A54F.png"><br>)是食醋的成分之一,其水溶液中存在<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/7/25/76727E18D50CFC957B6E8C56F8FAF333.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/7/25/9E5ABFC0755545C7B87164F36A0F0C97.png"><br>。下列说法正确的是( )<br>A.醋酸属于氧化物<br>B.醋酸不能用于除铁锈<br>C.醋酸能与镁反应产生氢气<br>D.醋酸中碳元素的质量分数最大<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/89784d4385454a9d9b6f716e7f408b18/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/e9dc7294a5b845b69e4cca1007da271c/0BEC75798C83FD922694E3BE58E30EEB.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>根据下列物质的电离方程式判断,其中属于酸的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/4/0F6B3ABBAF9EC1567B50BDDE797EC06F.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/4/9CD87E37A76ED773B18D5364A9E213BF.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/4/24FA7FF53E5366FD48A01CBA410F7ED6.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/4/167F26BAE2754B3D474480B1E60C0FC6.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/89f6feea87844ac4915287e2ba34fb92/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/1027900a5a584ef784f733f46e842a67/6EF2444E64B5BAE661A02459EC279906.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>某植物的花瓣汁液(以下简称:<br>X<br>汁液)呈紫色,<br>X<br>汁液分别滴加到盛有下列溶液的试管中有如下现象<br>:<br><tbody><br>溶液名称<br>白醋<br>稀盐酸<br>氯化钠溶液<br>蒸馏水<br>石灰水<br>氢氧化钾溶液<br>X<br>汁液<br>红色<br>红色<br>紫色<br>紫色<br>绿色<br>绿色<br></tbody><br> 1.据上表推测,X汁液__________(填“能”或“不能”)作酸碱指示剂;<br>2.将X汁液滴入肥皂水中溶液呈绿色,则肥皂水显__________(填“酸”“碱”或“中”)性,pH__________(填“>”“<”或“=”)7;<br>3.粗略测定雨水的酸碱度可使用____________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/9d39200cd9a64dbb813f660df50ed626/B0E4C10FAE5BF935796B0A5DB54DAC62.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/a8ca4c1d78e7493ca26ddd55918b6b2c/DAD60744FE1A0D85F4015206601F4F7E.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>向等体积、等浓度的碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠、氢氧化钠的溶液中,分别加入<br>几滴紫甘蓝汁液,同时用蒸馏水进行对比实验,观察并记录现象如下<br>:<br><tbody><br>液体名称<br>蒸馏水<br>碳酸氢钠溶液<br>碳酸钠溶液<br>氢氧化钠溶液<br>紫甘蓝汁液显示的颜色<br>蓝紫色<br>蓝色<br>绿色<br>黄色<br></tbody><br>查阅资料:<br><tbody><br>p<br>H<br>7.5~9<br>10~11<br>.<br>12~14<br>紫甘蓝汁液显示的颜色<br>蓝色<br>绿色<br>黄色<br></tbody><br>回答下列问题:<br>1.三种溶液的碱性由强到弱的顺序为______________。<br>2.三种物质中属于碱的是______________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/6aeed49011844e77ae370be423fea43f/14B56F49DDB1C4486DB9F687A36D3242.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/8ccbd27fdcc047cf9c5b738968a2417e/1B05AAAB40675D6F2B427FC99CC847F6.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>某化学兴趣小组为了探究碱的化学性质,进行了如图所示的探究实验。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/2/8BE76DBDD3587122E050D47659D0FA9F.png"><br>(实验操作)<br>夹紧弹簧夹,将注射器中的氢氧化钠溶液全部注入锥形瓶中。锥形瓶中发生反应的化学方程式为<br>__<br>。反应一段时间后,打开弹簧夹,观察到的现象为<br>___<br>,锥形瓶底部有白色沉淀生成。<br>(废液处理)<br>(1)<br>将反应后锥形瓶内的物质全部倒入烧杯<br>B<br>中,然后滴入几滴无色酚酞溶液,充分混合后,烧杯内的液体为<br>____<br>色。<br>(2)<br>再向烧杯中倒入一定量的稀盐酸,充分反应后,烧杯内得到无色澄清溶液,则该无色溶液中一定含有的溶质是<br>____<br>。请写出该烧杯内浑浊液体变为澄清溶液的化学方程式<br>_____<br>(3)<br>最后烧杯内的无色溶液能否直接排放,请阐述你的观点并说明理由<br>_____<br>(反思交流)上述实验活动验证了碱可以与某些物质发生化学反应。<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/3e0150b24f874847bc48a79c7d2ee5f6/92CCE9EA3FEAE16D1BB500975D4544B2.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>
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