广东省潮安县金石中学等五校2017届九年级下学期期中联考化学试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>有人通过闻茶的方法就能判断出茶的产地。人们能够闻到茶香的原因是( )<br>A.分子之间有间隔<br>B.分子在不断运动<br>C.分子的质量和体积都很小<br>D.分子是由原子构成的<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/a7c485dc15d243f8937594589c7f5d87/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/2317e693b14548dc8a97eeda937891cb/CB1CF5209264D3B254CAA8BF0CD10CB2.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>按酸、碱、盐、氧化物的顺序排列的一组物质是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/CA9530A35D8C935F332FB0F959E78034.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/8128B0E480B4314C1BF4BEBEF06F6224.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/31F2ECB372EC10D30E99D145490881B7.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/9161B24E8830DA541DE3C05FA4806B58.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/f4ce63de77fd4f488d09827d699e11c7/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/40a04b0cf971421cb7d3ca93a680029a/33571AF794CC47B85A4FFB06973265CE.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>农作物在缺氮的情况下,生长迟缓、叶色发黄。这时需施用的化肥是( )<br>A.KCl<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/DB543F7C7B8DD31CCF64ED52FA460DAF.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/DB543F7C7B8DD31CCF64ED52FA460DAF.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/425BA1BC5CB1DCBE34ED09173920FCEF.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/bef89e266e2943f992fcd8117c1e51f2/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/f9378cdec67d45cb8a30d2880dcd9bcb/7303F54C7033C8EF22818BE4BBB67489.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列实验操作能达到预期目的的是( )<br>A.用10mL的量筒量取9.0mL水<br>B.用向下排空气法收集纯净的氢气<br>C.用托盘天平称取10.58g碳酸钠粉末<br>D.用150mL酒精和50mL水精确配制200mL医用消毒酒精<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/89d85c72a987487eb83071c5314f5f1f/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/0a9ecf6d7741481181a78958fac4e0b6/AC567B65F02AC50B10E93ED32A823A93.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>利用下图所示装置,能完成实验室制取气体的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/5709CA231F049F7B57667AC228C1B1E0.png"><br>A.用①③制取氧气 B.用②③制取二氧化碳<br>C.用②④制取氧气 D.用①⑤制取二氧化碳<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/76659ddab8e54414b8ab83bb1acacfe8/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/6386a80abb124aefb97e415d38f8686b/1679E5D47015B569062E254FEA32D65D.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>实验室四瓶失去标签的无色溶液分别为氯化钠溶液、稀盐酸、氢氧化钠溶液和稀硫酸.以下说法正确的是( )<br>A.打开试剂瓶塞就可以判断出稀盐酸------瓶口有“白雾”<br>B.观察试剂瓶的瓶塞可以判断出氢氧化钠溶液-------是胶塞<br>C.打开试剂瓶塞尝味道可以判断出氯化钠溶液------有咸味<br>D.将pH试纸伸入试剂瓶中可以判断出稀硫酸-------pH小于7<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/3247af06e11d47ed905430ec4737dbb8/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/7f82b7a654f84621879e201c64792497/4C867A6A440B9432475EEFC44A8260E3.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列关于钠原子和钠离子的说法正确的是 ( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2013/10/21/BE86395DD197D66276A4A864C03C429A.png"><br>比<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2013/10/21/D07E7E769F3D0DCE3186996409AA9998.png"><br>稳定<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2013/10/21/BE86395DD197D66276A4A864C03C429A.png"><br>得到一个电子变成<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2013/10/21/D07E7E769F3D0DCE3186996409AA9998.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2013/10/21/BE86395DD197D66276A4A864C03C429A.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2013/10/21/D07E7E769F3D0DCE3186996409AA9998.png"><br>化学性质相同<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2013/10/21/BE86395DD197D66276A4A864C03C429A.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2013/10/21/D07E7E769F3D0DCE3186996409AA9998.png"><br>都属于钠元素<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2013/4ff6074b744d4caa8c321668b9901fa0/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>在学习化学的过程中,我们会发现许多具有规律性的知识。下列叙述中不正确的是( )<br>A.对难溶于水的气体可用排水集气法收集<br>B.碱溶液中都含有相同的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/A0AAB2CD09E9EAC704F37CBD3E994A0C.png"><br>C.含碳元素的物质完全燃烧会产生二氧化碳<br>D.金属都能与酸反应产生氢气<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/a131b8e17cd14b669b9f4e6a68f2468a/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/4a06eb6291734768b5e2ec00bdffba7f/071FB97274C7A99D6D6BBE7EEB7323F8.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>科学家用第72号元素铪(音:hā)和第74号元素钨,精确测出月球比地球至少早700万年形成。下列决定元素种类的是( )<br>A.核内中子数 B.核内质子数<br>C.最外层电子数 D.相对原子质量<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/3c74e258c88a4e1c822b21ced160951e/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/5ab6555b0fe346bba0ea44ae951979af/A1F4BF60E07C7DAF9C3898B3278F7025.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较难<br>下图所示的四个图象,能正确表示对应变化关系的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/00945EF82F30B5209E99149563EC9630.png"><br>A.①水的电解<br>B.②木炭在密闭的容器内燃烧<br>C.③加热一定量的氯酸钾制氧气<br>D.④20℃时,向一定量接近饱和的硝酸钾溶液中加入硝酸钾固体<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/2a99ce6430344a2a8d21550c36bd2d53/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/4460fe149e794e3485905f8ea9abba93/E2A13F1AEE4E78F681B4B67B9EE64F82.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>在<br>①<br>氧气、<br>②<br>水、<br>③<br>石墨、<br>④<br>二氧化碳、<br>⑤<br>一氧化碳、<br>⑥<br>天然气、<br>⑦<br>生铁、<br>⑧<br>石油、<br>⑨<br>不锈钢等物质中:(填序号)<br>1.属于单质的是______________,属于合金的是____________________,极易与血红蛋白结合使人中毒的气体是____________________。<br>2.写出相应的化学符号:氢氧根离子________;澄清石灰水中的溶质______________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/06d7f63aa707416e94fd64cd555d13bd/3D34AF1C145A078DEB4EFC303E5F906E.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/ec6b21c395fc4b6b9d837c9cd1fb570c/B4B7F6B3EDDE2972020875A071D92089.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：较易<br>如图中<br>A<br>是钠元素在元素周期表中的相关信息,<br>B<br>是钠原子结构示意图<br>.<br>1.钠元素的相对原子质量为;<br>2.钠元素属于(选填“金属”或“非金属”)元素;3.钠原子在化学反应中容易电子.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/AA9A0F34268E869390C32C7CD5B43B48.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/4e76a7b19b384b8c8db113322c3edad5/E78FEB8989B7AC959E605FC23EFB2BB4.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/2d9044e876164e6390a79281e6367828/6A978CA36B96E062AF4160ED678AC47F.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>查阅资料可知,米酒味道变酸是因为米酒中产生的醋酸杆菌使乙醇(<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/3F07E94D7ECB10A9E43EEDDD27705AA4.png"><br>)和氧气发生反应生成了醋酸(<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/84F455FD7DDF3C9FCE0A5202A131A54F.png"><br>)和另一种常见的液体。回答下列问题:<br>1.食物变质是一种___________氧化反应(填“剧烈”、“缓慢”)。<br>2.米酒味道变酸的化学反应方程式为______________________;可用___________验证米酒味道变酸却是生成了醋酸。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/5ae85552aa124f619c1cc580a757ebc8/06A4F189431B572009C17FEDC421BA64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/91e37fbb54dc4b01ad047c1e96c72ead/D27AEC442044847EF335B3E1AF71BCC3.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>如图甲是<br>A<br>、<br>B<br>、<br>C<br>三种固体物质的溶解度曲线图。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/25/D21283A1676B6063676BF1DF1AFD4D4B.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/25/51C9053702095863621E9E438F2DB078.png"><br>1.甲图中,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/25/F6E20041569242D29171C620FDA4DDBB.png"><br>时,A、B、C三种物质中,溶解度最大的是_____;P点所表示的含义为_____。<br>2.①将<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/25/F6E20041569242D29171C620FDA4DDBB.png"><br>时A、B、C三种物质的饱和溶液降温到<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/25/427B1B5C2818448CE85E00E7373466A3.png"><br>,三种物质的溶质质量分数由大到小的顺序是_____。②如乙图所示,20℃时,把试管放入盛有X的饱和溶液的烧杯中,在试管中加入几小段镁条,再加入5mL稀盐酸,立即产生大量的气泡,同时烧杯中出现浑浊,则X可能为A、B、C三种固体物质中的哪一种?_____。3.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/2/25/427B1B5C2818448CE85E00E7373466A3.png"><br>时,将B物质的不饱和溶液转变成饱和溶液可采取的方法有:_____、_____(写两种方法)。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/1614ee2ef7224f22b48653d2166bc761/733F55699A1D85880B17774384BCE75F.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>如图是实验室常用的两个气体制备、收集、净化的多功能装置。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/3816C1AA3ABF83F14E0AB992383FAB02.png"><br>1.若用于制氢气,且产生的气体中不含酸性杂质气体,则试剂X常用__________,用图示放置的乙装置收集氢气,A应与________(填“B”或“C”)相连。<br>2.若X是稀盐酸、Y是石灰石,用甲、乙两装置可组成发生、净化、收集<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>气体的系列装置。若乙中放入饱和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/743D3410664D37284FBC47CDC4BA58AB.png"><br>溶液,则该溶液的作用是除去______________;若乙中放入浓硫酸,浓硫酸的作用是____________________________。3.若X是水,Y是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/369FBC7FAAC9234EF42FEEA34A36788C.png"><br>固体,则从A中放出乙炔(化学式:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/66E1CF6B4BE12C514061ED9599CA8F98.png"><br>)气体,同时还生成一种碱。乙炔微溶于水,密度与空气接近。若用乙装置收集乙炔,则乙中还应该装入____;生成乙炔的化学方程式是___________________________________<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/39f7592ae4db4a30ade3b373195a5b1e/469047DEB1C7474DCE40F9F158BB5EB0.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/a0157ca905e242f08da827af2d115c60/4CDFC2EF44BD170AC100F5ABB5ED9B46.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>根据下图所示<br>回答有关问题<br>:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/E20A9830E6EB347D352534AEA19037B9.png"><br>1.写出图中标有字母的仪器名称:a__________。<br>2.实验室用高锰酸钾制取氧气,应选用的发生装置是________(填字母),实验时该装置试管口应放一团棉花,其目的是_______________;反应的化学方程式为_____________________。3.实验室制取二氧化碳气体,若要获得干燥的二氧化碳,除发生装置外,还应选用D装置,装置中的液体是______________________(填写试剂名称)。如果用E装置收集该气体,则气体应从____________端进入(填b或c)。通常用澄清石灰水来检验二氧化碳,反应的化学方程式为________________________。4.下图是以锌粒和稀硫酸反应制备<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/3FD11E2AFC06B1D240106659D73AE871.png"><br>,并用排水法收集.请把图补画完整_____。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/7B2C05F5C871A2C585BF8D224835DEC3.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/174925271c4e472e93f5d414d793b3f7/426F5BCA6DB0DF1ADDB61A31593AEF5B.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/3d95a3f3c419482383100acf79a2efba/B216F38378454B03E1D2FF3EFA0ECA28.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>化学兴趣小组欲探究自己使用的某品牌牙膏的主要成分。<br>(查阅资料)<br>(<br>)牙膏的成分有活性物质、摩擦剂、保持牙膏湿润的甘油等物质。<br>(<br>)常用的牙膏摩擦剂的主要成分有<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/0125C0E265985712A3A9CAA2643B9043.png"><br>、<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/C16F106721AF4CF3E78DEA48515C14DC.png"><br>、<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/D13EDEBFC18112684964BB61D7CF78C1.png"><br>(<br>)牙膏除了碳酸钙以外,其他物质均不与稀盐酸反应产生气体。<br>(<br>)<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/D13EDEBFC18112684964BB61D7CF78C1.png"><br>不溶于水,也不与盐酸反应。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/C16F106721AF4CF3E78DEA48515C14DC.png"><br>和氢氧化钠<br>溶液反应生成偏铝酸钠(<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/1EAA0AD127050658B27C91D9AF847DB6.png"><br>)和<br>水,该反应的化学方程式为<br>________________________________________<br>偏铝酸钠和适量稀盐酸反应生成氢氧化铝,氢氧化铝和稀盐酸可以发生中和反应。<br>(<br>)相关物质的溶解性表:<br><tbody><br>物质<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/C16F106721AF4CF3E78DEA48515C14DC.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/1EAA0AD127050658B27C91D9AF847DB6.png"><br>AlCl<br><sub></sub><br>溶解性<br>不溶<br>溶<br>溶<br></tbody><br>该品牌牙膏含有上述摩擦剂中的两种成分,为探究摩擦剂的组成,化学兴趣小组取适量该牙膏加水充分搅拌、静置、过滤、洗涤、干燥,得到该牙膏中的摩擦剂<br>.<br>(提出猜想)猜想<br>:摩擦剂的成分为<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/C16F106721AF4CF3E78DEA48515C14DC.png"><br>和<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/0125C0E265985712A3A9CAA2643B9043.png"><br>.<br>猜想<br>:摩擦剂的成分为<br>__________________.<br>猜想<br>:摩擦剂的成分为<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/D13EDEBFC18112684964BB61D7CF78C1.png"><br>和<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/C16F106721AF4CF3E78DEA48515C14DC.png"><br>(设计实验)<br><tbody><br>实验步骤<br>预期实验现象<br>预期实验结论<br>组装下图装置进行实验<br>.<br>取少量摩擦剂于锥形瓶中,加入适量的<br>______.<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/359889DDFA8EB2A5FBD4631715BDC61F.png"><br>固体全部溶解,有气泡,石灰水变浑浊<br>则猜想<br>成立<br>锥形瓶中发生的化学反应方程式为<br>______________<br>摩擦<br>剂部分<br>溶解<br>石灰水无明显变化<br>则猜想<br>成立<br></tbody><br>(实验结论)经过实验验证,猜想<br>成立<br>.<br>(实验反思)同学们为进一步确认摩擦剂中含有氢氧化铝,先在少量牙膏样品中加入过量的氢氧化钠溶液,静置一段时间,取上层清液,再滴加稀盐酸至过量<br>.<br>整个实验过程中观察到的现象为<br>______________<br>_________________________________________<br>,依据该现象可以判断摩擦剂中一定含有氢氧化铝<br>.<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/01d2d3bdb9514f8a8720aac67db216ae/29BB05D25FCDFE242A298F6AEC493B53.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/240fc14d092c427f9aa46522873a75e3/851ECB2E2656B12513038BB3A2E1EB3D.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>一定条件下用<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/72E318180F1C3D00E8D8DCFDB2D09C08.png"><br>捕捉<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>的反应为<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/A338308422C13BA53E1A7A9158A0ED2E.png"><br>,生成的三聚氰胺(<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/C24DCC51AC5FC20792C7E18E44A0DD7F.png"><br>,相对分子质量为<br>129<br>)是重要的化工产品。请回答下列问题:<br>1.三聚氰胺中C、H、N、O四种元素的质量之比为。<br>2.每生产25.8kg三聚氰酸,可以捕捉<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>的质量为。3.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/5020518739833AA0F61A620DBB447C84.png"><br>溶液同样能用于“捕捉”<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>,反应为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/10/E1F795270052EAB0EACC73601DAD4208.png"><br>,□中物质的化学式为。 <br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/53b245e7e1f640a0ba4da72bc05ecf68/1963139B65A41B8ECCE755621D6CE5A0.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/624a87a0b85d419887ba304d218d2667/C2F6A097F4777021CAC2DA67944EFB2F.png"><br><br>
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