河北省唐山市滦南县2020届九年级上学期期中考试化学试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列符号中,既表示一个原子,又表示一种元素,还能表示一种物质的是:( )<br>A.He<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/10/13/D350503FAEB172B50F09D85EB5C5B0A3.png"><br>C.H<br>D.2<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/10/13/43916A0CBDACF639905BC5CD89370C97.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/4071fd570a0c43d38f0f7c4f0dbe3ada/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/eb80a8fb901540e2bf26f33a78a6f925/828D4EA9935EF84091D2E3670176E229.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列实验操作或现象正确的是(部分夹持固定装置已略去)( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/11E54CAF4D36BAE385FCD9B0D4404729.png"><br>铁在氧气中燃烧<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/51ADC1B0388F1923839F8BB405D55B5F.png"><br>加热高锰酸钾制氧气<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/0E56AEA02E1A2E7B4FA4FA42EAECB184.png"><br>过滤<br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/C46DB91E672332647BA30246BB7A2AF7.png"><br>电解水实验<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/3e72bd3920f14824b693d06b2a3c240b/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/b3c3152b74364e54900cace7ecc5ff73/95FEBE93B52AD86D16A8E083239F16E3.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>十九大报告指出“必须树立和践行绿水青山就是金山银山的理念”,下列做法不符合该理念的是( )<br>A.将工业废水直接排进江河 B.使用可降解环保袋<br>C.乘坐公交工具出行 D.废旧电池集中处理<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/002831b248e14210aa31d8399d26b6a8/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/af6381e59abc471399a04210b149247e/49C7D69DECEC7C5712FECDFAB004DFD5.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列说法正确的是( )<br>A.核电荷数:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/D883E53FF101A7FD22CEBD8FCAF1C42F.png"><br>B.物质都是由分子或原子构成的<br>C.在原子中质子数一定等于中子数<br>D.同种元素可能组成性质不同的几种单质<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/09295a1cd76344faac34716eab5c1c23/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/73ab005208a74bc986ac40b4d105210e/E735C463213FF20BA4B2985AE06CC05D.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>氢气在空气中燃烧这一化学反应中发生变化的微粒是( )<br>A.水分子 B.氢分子和氧分子<br>C.氢原子和氧原子 D.氢分子和水分子<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/f85424d85cad4d38bf488f016e438dda/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/0c84c0be8529489b87b34074e8dddb10/E98764914076AE04D01E5AECC0A29970.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>最近,科学家成功制备出了一种含铱元素和氧元素的阳离子,在这种离子中,铱元素显+9价。该离子符号的书写正确的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/9/2FBA79D58644AC74AF2A2181FF49ADD4.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/9/F38D82D3C703C47C44AB4061FD5FFA77.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/9/8E03FA940C2FB818E8DE7C3580C2EF68.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/9/207F8D828E86C525F0DBD06729F8A5E3.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2019/892dfbb80a93496493a978dbd94623ce/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>将充满下列气体的试管倒置于水槽中(如图),一段时间后试管内的水位上升最高的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/79292192CFFD767F56592E014BABFB42.png"><br>A.氧气 B.氢气 C.氮气 D.二氧化碳<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/30f5bb00cfa34a6a970f6d87d1d6d347/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/a302a6830e02495f8bfa1aaf9789941d/B0D0D83D61023DDAB32AFFCD4FC3AF73.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>“以崇尚科学为荣,以愚昧无知为耻”,下列叙述合理的是( )<br>A.小孩经常咬铅笔,会导致铅中毒<br>B.炉火上放盆水,可预防煤气中毒<br>C.进入久未开启的菜窖要进行灯火实验<br>D.钙、铁、锌、硒都是人体需要的微量元素<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/0ce0ea4b7d844f5b85b74bc3db58d5a4/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/b8580c72a31f4c2190f3442e87b1c498/82BC3546FE0B16EC17D6D4AECA82F7B4.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>推理是化学学习中常用的思维方法,下列推理正确的是( )<br>A.同种元素的微粒质子数相同,所以质子数相同的微粒一定属于同种元素<br>B.某化合物有金属和非金属元素组成,若金属元素显正价,则非金属元素一定显负价<br>C.离子是带电荷的粒子,则带电荷的粒子一定是离子<br>D.化合物是由不同种元素组成的纯净物,则只含有一种元素的物质一定不是化合物<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/5123bbfdbf624581a3d73a6e974f3105/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/5232c43f6be54290926c2ab2f998af5e/AC414FE6F645C6629DC5F8D24E14F2C1.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>下列对有关事实的解释中,错误的是( )<br>A.花香四溢—分子在不断运动<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/AA5DD1505F1D7A06A012CABC988FF45C.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/7DB234BC8ABC7F751AB9BAA992EEF152.png"><br>的化学性质不同—分子构成不同<br>C.干冰升华—分子种类没有改变<br>D.水结冰后体积变大—分子体积变大<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/c2a78215cf99485297caf6142e38c3af/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/df428e64ba9e40c1addc2d68d7039524/B50C0F089C739892FCF18476B096BB39.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>洗发产品中含有的柠檬酸(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/36183C91A625B7F8E7CDBA4BE54A1F9E.png"><br>)能使头发柔顺有弹性且气味清香。下列关于柠檬酸的说法中正确的是( )<br>A.柠檬酸属于氧化物<br>B.柠檬酸是由6个碳原子、8个氢原子和7个氧原子组成的<br>C.柠檬酸中氧元素的质量分数最大<br>D.柠檬酸中碳、氢、氧三种元素的质量比为6:8:7<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/f778db4cdad147cf9edf8b48b764852f/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/44ac3739d52e45a394c83dd6ff07177e/0CF5347F1A1CD8D9028EEB48FD5B2F07.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>将16g<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/7/F2521B065EC1360AB85D62BB33AE9C5F.png"><br>放在试管中加热,反应后称得剩余物质的质量为14.4g,则剩余物质是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/7/B3D06FF9EF704C40F302C3218580CB43.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/7/C593AB7E8C703062DFA5ED884F267FE4.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/7/B3D06FF9EF704C40F302C3218580CB43.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/7/F2521B065EC1360AB85D62BB33AE9C5F.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/7/B3D06FF9EF704C40F302C3218580CB43.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/7/C593AB7E8C703062DFA5ED884F267FE4.png"><br>、<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/7/B3D06FF9EF704C40F302C3218580CB43.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/7/F2521B065EC1360AB85D62BB33AE9C5F.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/00d182d8b4c34d89a9f74d55173ae5a3/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列现象可用同一化学原理解释的是( )<br>①久置的石灰水,液面上出现一层硬壳状薄膜②向澄清石灰水中通过吸管不断吹气,石灰水变浑浊③为了使石灰浆刷过的墙壁快点晾干,在室内生起一个炭火盆,开始时墙壁反而更潮湿④向紫色石蕊溶液中通入二氧化碳气体,溶液变红A.①②③ B.①②④ C.①③④ D.②③④<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/cf2f909841b44487aef46b950f671577/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/582c27f9b605415e87ba421d1168547a/3C5C56E1B7A7BB0F0C5821FABEB559A7.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>用量筒量取溶液,视线与量筒内液体的凹液面最低处保持水平,读数为15毫升;倒出部分液体后,仰视凹液面的最低处,读数为8毫升。则该学生实际倒出的溶液体积( )<br>A.小于7毫升 B.大于7毫升<br>C.等于7毫升 D.无法确定范围<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/164bdfe23d044e6db8a96ca50ac3d53b/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/1fe8de3fac8e451b957de0fd359fd755/1CD54191C3E1FA88CA964F4A3ABE919F.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>如图为某化学反应的微观模拟示意图,下列说法不正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/7B70ADBB9D3DADD6D4B4E53F28E4A3B6.png"><br>A.该反应不属于化合反应<br>B.图示中的数值为3<br>C.反应前后氢元素的化合价发生了改变<br>D.反应中甲、丙物质的质量比为2:7<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/5c329890af31458694d75b01d9d8e957/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/0cfa114efe024b5a9af3894db467b5b0/86DEEBF825158281BE2DF412E9A38AED.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列物质的用途主要由其化学性质决定的是( )<br>A.铜丝作导线<br>B.二氧化碳作气体肥料<br>C.液氨用于医疗上冷冻麻醉<br>D.高烧病人用酒精擦拭身体降温<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/f89d7bb6495d48f292072811c7ddfd86/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/26ea538a382149058938dac16c11dd31/7E3FBCF45766B2E91FB8AB15B69392D0.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/27/F9EEF40E95F5DCDB29C79A9447E02C4B.png"><br>发现使人类了解到一个全新的碳世界,下列说法正确的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/27/0CE4479931D5A31022B3C262A7000B46.png"><br>A.足球由<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/27/F9EEF40E95F5DCDB29C79A9447E02C4B.png"><br>构成<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/27/F9EEF40E95F5DCDB29C79A9447E02C4B.png"><br>这种物质由碳原子直接构成<br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/27/F9EEF40E95F5DCDB29C79A9447E02C4B.png"><br>是一种新型的化合物<br>D.C在氧气中完全燃烧生成<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/8/27/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/e7b6278a0ea44e9782a80b66b193dc82/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>2017年,哈佛大学科学家将微小的固态氢置于488万个大气压下,使固体中所有的氢气分子破裂为氢原子,制得具有金属性质的金属氢,下列说法正确的是( )<br>A.金属氢是由原子直接构成的<br>B.金属氢与氢气的化学性质相同<br>C.金属氢不能导电<br>D.金属氢形成过程中,氢原子核发生了改变<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/ce3ca8b6148b4a0691b452dddc2f6750/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/c89e456603094491a4dcc776293ec6a6/20303E0BE0568362C4CAEC9CDCF94DF7.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>某密闭容器中有X、氧气和二氧化碳三种物质,在一定条件下充分反应,测得反应前后各物质的质量如下表.根据表中信息,判断下列说法正确的是( )<br><tbody><br>物质<br>X<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/CE3FB2E68B350B28E5B76D176FE3FE33.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/EC3292BA20EA95699E445A75CBF39462.png"><br>反应前质量/g<br>23<br>70<br>1<br>0<br>反应后质量/g<br>0<br>待测<br>45<br>27<br></tbody><br>A.该反应为分解反应<br>B.反应生成的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/EC3292BA20EA95699E445A75CBF39462.png"><br>的质量比为45:27<br>C.表中“待测”值为21<br>D.X中含有氧元素<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/c4e86b462ffd4e74b191d7f4a5d6f436/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/13d8f2f2cacf4b9b8441a68a245323de/54D9E89182A06AA9A6656705B89FCFEF.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>根据维生素C能够使淀粉-碘溶液褪色的原理,应用如下图实验比较两种果汁中维生素C含量的多少。实验过程中不需要控制的条件是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/00B9D04D3819835DC4CA65E3D22F8F79.png"><br>A.胶头滴管滴出的果汁的滴数 <br>B.两个胶头滴管的规格<br>C.烧杯中淀粉-碘溶液的浓度 <br>D.烧杯中溶液的体积<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/ced08dcf554541fe8ab92d06ec38c02d/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/214fbe9ddfc745a5bd288ec1cf9c8274/9E340D6FEB0F102235876F9F6F5C1FBD.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>请完成下列相关问题:<br>1.用化学用语填空:①2个氢分子________:②m个铝离子________<br>2.填写下列化学符号中数字“2”的含义:①<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/B3B0D2476B90AACB02CD7C035C241ED5.png"><br>_______②<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/94782FE1115E777DFA078B5278981825.png"><br>_____________3.用化学方程式表示下列变化:①在空气中燃烧,发出耀眼白光的反应________________________②在氧气中剧烈燃烧,火星四射的反应________________________③向紫色石蕊试液中通入二氧化碳,试液呈红色________________________<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/836c398895474c35a7e2b359feabc9be/6F41EA443A523486CF1735DA1CBC1553.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/a27396eccdca40c4986b1fa1e57b9aa3/78B3E9B214237DB2A7B8DACFDE713952.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：容易<br>如图是表示气体分子的示意图,图中<br>“<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/751FA0D14E67F52DDE59F2A88236783A.png"><br>”<br>和<br>“<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/4D6D1D4DC138438CDBFE28C3579169A5.png"><br>”<br>分别表示两种不同的原子,其中表示化合物的是<br>,表示混合物是<br>表示单质的是<br>.<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/DC76C1A5460B8C678D91C72959FC40D3.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/86846b732c6644b0a38cef5916cbadb3/6E06D3125E8DC6412049C6333C64E574.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/c3ff16ee533c4f209e72684fed75105a/CC1E69A77A6C10475EB1CE938BBF7CD8.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>化学知识在生产、生活中有广泛的应用。<br>1.幼儿及青少年缺________元素会患佝偻病。<br>2.烧水时易生水垢的水,属于________水。3.冰箱中放入活性炭除异味,利用了活性炭的________性。4.关闭燃气开关灭火,运用的原理是________________________。5.偏二甲肼(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/6/DB5DD72846462A9A830AA8BD8D9F644B.png"><br>)与<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/6/CAE58D9E67B452CDFE9706330D325613.png"><br>反应放出的能量能把火箭送入太空,该化学方程式为<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/6/AAA1BF1E472D45BEF22158554AE3496E.png"><br>,X的化学式为________________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/992bf0e8ca0747a0a9e810947fd4b6ff/9882899BB8A37886CFF732808D8D96A4.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/b7edeb5a7a394108b248cb0bd4d47d52/38BBC37493A632B0D30216475D7A6DC0.png"><br><br>※题型：问答题※知识点：问答题※试题难度：中等<br>A~F<br>是初中化学常见的物质,<br>E<br>是天然气的主要成分,它们的相互转化关系如图所示(反应条件略去,重叠部分表示物质间的共同点)<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/6/2CE4E77DA5A1E77C8A5AC7BA9703EAFE.png"><br>1.D的化学式为________________________。<br>2.F的用途之一为________________________。3.反应①的基本反应类型为________________________。4.反应②的化学方程式为________________________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/aebe06bcb9b84142a39e2e21a646ce32/38CAA09EAD17894BAA0E5DB9FE1D1EE0.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/702c8d25aa464784b8262a07ea67b5be/0FD42CC4140A1414C07C22098EF08F2D.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>请根据下图提供的实验装置,回答有关问题:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/6/C15139C53A4D9A13CA56A09AF83AEA5E.png"><br>1.小军同学用装置A制取氧气,锥形瓶中盛放的物质是________,装置A中反应的化学方程式为_____。若用装置B排水法收集氧气,氧气应从________(填“a”或“b”)导管通入瓶内。<br>2.小虎同学连接装置A、E、F进行实验,A中所加药品不同,F中所加药品相同。①若实验时装置E中蜡烛熄灭,装置F中溶液变浑浊,装置E中蜡烛熄灭,说明装置A中产生气体具有________________________性质。装置A中反应的化学方程式________________________,收集该气体选择装置________(填“C”或“D”)。②若实验时装置E中蜡烛燃烧更旺,装置F中溶液变浑浊,F中溶液变浑浊的化学方程式为_________。③用装置G所示的质地较软的塑料瓶收集满<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/6/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>,再倒入约<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/6/6457B55C5A13F613B05FB3B5595C6985.png"><br>体积的水,立即旋紧瓶盖,振荡,观察到的现象是________。④往装置目的烧杯内缓慢通入<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/6/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>,超薄材料做成的内充空气的气球会慢慢浮起,由此得出<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/6/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>具有的性质是_________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/91daa96cd2054aea9e6d9985a322764c/87A2C09E51AF8E8B974391133C5E27E2.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/9d0f1048157e4dffb91f1bb8494d9bd7/1892230F229A23101927CCA69D720857.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>下列是初中化学部分重要的实验或实验装置,请按要求填空:<br>1.小李用盐酸与碳酸钙粉末反应验证质量守恒定律,实验如图:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/6/A36E3B38533EA74A4E3B3D3D73A546C5.png"><br>①根据实验目的,小李必须测量的实验数据是________。A锥形瓶质量B气球质量C反应前整个反应装置(包括里边的物质)质量D反应后整个反应装置(包括里边的物质)质量②将反应装置放在天平左盘,使天平平衡后,再将碳酸钙粉末倒入锥形瓶中。反应结束后,气球鼓起,天平向右倾斜。小李按规范操作重新实验,得到相同结果。请你帮他分析原因__________。2.某实验小组利用如图所示的装置测量空气中氧气体积分数并取得成功。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/6/DFF1C6D929CD421BD894B276A6C84C9C.png"><br>(查阅资料)白磷的着火点为40℃。(提出问题)氧气体积约占空气总体积的多少?(实验准备)锥形瓶内空气体积为230mL,注射器中水的体积为50mL,该装置气密性良好。(实验探究)装入药品,按图所示连好仪器,夹紧弹簧夹。先将锥形瓶底部放入热水中,白磷很快被引燃,然后将锥形瓶从热水中取出。(现象分析)<br>①足量的白磷在锥形瓶中未能全部燃烧,说明瓶内剩余气体________(填“支持”或“不支持”)燃烧。写出白磷燃烧的化学反应方程式_____________。②在整个实验过程中,可观察到气球的变化是_________。③待白磷熄灭,锥形瓶冷却到室温后,打开弹簧夹,还可观察到的现象是:①注射器中的水自动喷出来,发生此现象的原因是________;②当注射器中的水还剩下约________mL时停止下流。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/099b315a9a7e4ca58c1e890251ac8322/771310A30D1C77166ADA9613ACBD6371.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/1d0e5007ecd145d5862582cfd0db3190/1695756D92B0DA59D940FA7FC62DD072.png"><br><br>※题型：计算题※知识点：计算题※试题难度：中等<br>某校兴趣小组在实验室中完成制取氧气的实验。他们取氯酸钾和二氧化锰的混合物共<br>6g<br>放入大试管中加热,并在同时测定试管中剩余固体物质的质量<br>(<br>如下表<br>)<br>,请分析表中数据,完成下列问题:<br><tbody><br>反应时间<br>/min<br>1.0<br>2.0<br>3.0<br>4.0<br>5.0<br>剩余固体质量<br>/g<br>5.20<br>4.60<br>4.20<br>4.10<br>4.08<br></tbody><br>1.完全反应时,生成氧气的质量为_____g;<br>2.原混合物中氯酸钾的质量分数是____________?(计算结果精确到0.1%)<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/4e0332923ce640789d8b5315cf661e87/3E26FE5E6C0AB513D8152F5F94D35166.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/c4938bc412874b05bd236886c1ef7830/7B0B3D9F318C43B7E725515416FCD3D9.png"><br><br>
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