湖北省恩施州来凤县2019届九年级下学期期中考试化学试卷
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列物质(或主要成分)的名称、俗名与化学式一致的是( )<br>A.碳酸氢钠、小苏打、<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/5020518739833AA0F61A620DBB447C84.png"><br>B.氢氧化钠、纯碱、NaOH<br>C.氧化钙、熟石灰、CaO<br>D.氯化钠、食盐、NaCl<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/7a37a3bb2e9047a29c0a744016ba737f/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/ed1feb19bf624ae7ac3a003e8074b5ab/3E1ABF00728646886FADD0561B3E4BA4.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>能将氯化钠、硫酸、氢氧化钠三种无色溶液区别开来的试剂是( )<br>A.紫色石蕊试液 B.无色酚酞试液<br>C.硝酸钡溶液 D.硝酸银溶液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/85b5d5d34a73464bb68a6a7321271df2/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/3baf44305c784381bfdb4c6badb5f308/B8E6133540DABEB5F346CB868128610E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>类推是学习中常用的思维方法,现有以下类推结果,其中错误的是( )<br>①碱的水溶液通常呈碱性,所以碱性溶液一定是碱的溶液②氧化物都含有氧元素,所以含氧元素的化合物一定是氧化物③酸碱发生中和反应生成盐和水,所以生成水的反应一定是中和反应A.只有① B.①② C.①③ D.①②③<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/e4247336d306474c8fbb597febf8f40d/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/02e2a343936142c6b4b30932e02e406c/DE5A9BB0E2C5B0995D6B99F6B0DA9569.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>体操运动员常用一种白色的“镁粉”搓手,去除手上的汗渍,增加掌心与器械的摩擦力.这种“镁粉”溶解性很差,但有很好的吸水性.向“镁粉”中加入适量稀盐酸,立刻产生大量气泡,产生的气体能使澄清石灰水变浑浊,同时得到无色澄清溶液;“镁粉”加入适量水长时间煮沸后,滤出白色固体,加入稀盐酸,固体溶解,但不产生气泡.下列说法正确的是( )<br>A.该“镁粉”是单质镁<br>B.“镁粉”加水煮沸的过程中一定发生了化学变化<br>C.“镁粉”加水煮沸后滤出的白色固体是碳酸镁<br>D.可以用生石灰替代“镁粉”除去汗渍<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/0a52b328078a435eba7252386275c549/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/24c6f98d6c7f4c0fa379ded87ecec1cd/1333047150B625D5E9A3C67ABF52C832.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>某同学在探究“酸与碱能否发生反应”时,用稀NaOH溶液、稀盐酸和酸碱指示剂进行实验的过程见下图。下图所加试剂①②③分别是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/5D1F3225696ADD5B2538CBBF42C7DEBB.png"><br>A.稀NaOH溶液、石蕊溶液、稀盐酸<br>B.稀盐酸、石蕊溶液、稀NaOH溶液<br>C.稀NaOH溶液、酚酞溶液、稀盐酸<br>D.稀盐酸、酚酞溶液、稀NaOH溶液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/88de1b7a0ab24d68a6cc30f436a77f29/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/1ef72faf26214b45bd22c062e76659da/4C54ACF57E867BF03D43BA63CAAF0651.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列除去少量杂质(括号内为杂质)的方法合理的是( )<br><tbody><br>A<br>B<br>C<br>D<br>混合物<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/9B95FC6A9D1589A42F99A5A31A7BBC8A.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/119CB96CAFA64DC8B2171DF570451FFD.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/0C656CB0B29DCCB26D409E3B5C4BC98E.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/325FCCEE8B0E314200B77CAAEAE96A90.png"><br>试剂和方法<br>点燃<br>加水、过滤、洗涤、干燥<br>灼热的氧化铜<br>加入稀盐酸至无气泡产生<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/8e5e309053144bab8f51691d219508b6/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/f184e4c5873a42518f955f73b6940326/7E6C9E7ADC90EE476C33FE3E025ED92D.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>推理是化学学习中常用的思维方法。下列推理正确的是( )<br>A.酸性溶液的pH小于7。食醋是酸性溶液,所以食醋的pH小于7<br>B.在同一化合物中,金属元素显正价,所以非金属元素一定显负价<br>C.酸能使紫色石蕊溶液变红。通入<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>后的紫色石蕊溶液变红,所以<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>是酸<br>D.溶液中有晶体析出时,溶质质量减小,所以溶质的质量分数一定减小<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/cf2ce03a7383476a98fc23b451ede64a/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/2353b1d78c4642e585475cf4634e687e/03942D371919CC8D009F4F6A14AD2C28.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>如图,锥形瓶内盛有气体X,滴管内盛有液体Y。若挤压胶头滴管的胶头,使液体滴入瓶中,振荡,套在玻璃管一端的小气球慢慢鼓起,则气体X和液体Y可能是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/2BD9C5D36F0AF9E41532F8CD8DB825C2.png"><br>A.X是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/92E07A49F42E68E76E054887552575D0.png"><br>,Y是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/D978C1A882428B4E1DF3C1336C5DF43A.png"><br>溶液<br>B.X是CO,Y是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/D978C1A882428B4E1DF3C1336C5DF43A.png"><br>溶液<br>C.X是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/7D719A10A6D076A6882134E890E8B26F.png"><br>,Y是NaOH溶液<br>D.X是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/12840449FB290828DCF4AEA7304BC968.png"><br>,Y是硫酸溶液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/f465e163d10947f18996949e93a26404/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/247caa8e08b244868479e52ff3fb6e02/A5030EBCEA9AA96B8AD801E28EA64AC5.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下图中,四圆甲、乙、丙、丁分别表示一种溶液,两圆的相交部分为两溶液混合后出现的主要实验现象,下表中符合图示关系的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/49C414100170CDD4C6530BDC7652A3CE.png"><br> <br><tbody><br>甲<br>乙<br>丙<br>丁<br>A<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/5020518739833AA0F61A620DBB447C84.png"><br> <br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/5B8A0DA17C2201985CAAC04144C22122.png"><br> <br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/12F5C4AC564AD3765E56094E20CC81FF.png"><br> <br>紫色石蕊<br>B<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/B058E08C2C488CA2625D93B975CC2BDA.png"><br> <br>NaOH<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/A69E6A94FE0EEB91B15080F6EB9DA283.png"><br> <br>无色酚酞<br>C<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/1C23649BC8DA9EC44B89FB231616C380.png"><br> <br>HCl<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/F2C2F6EE81FF27C89135DBF3CBB4940E.png"><br> <br>紫色石蕊<br>D<br>HCl<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/9D4606808FD9213F5B3A0AE404D6DCFA.png"><br> <br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/C09DD76B9792A4D62AC4145DC76E807C.png"><br> <br>无色酚酞<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/9983ffb1515244a1bd0348dcf4d151a8/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/bede1a7db3004cccab1a85d0ba1154c2/D627559596C8C20737D037D2AE46C0FC.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>向烧杯中逐渐加入x溶液至过量(图甲),生成沉淀或气体的质量(纵坐标)与加入X溶液的质量(横坐标)关系不符合图乙的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/A45A492F373522858BA6B894B30D007C.png"><br><tbody><br>烧杯中的物质<br>x溶液<br>A<br>稀硫酸<br>氯化钡溶液<br>B<br>氯化钠溶液<br>硝酸银溶液<br>C<br>硫酸和硫酸铜混合溶液<br>氢氧化钠溶液<br>D<br>碳酸氢钠溶液<br>稀盐酸<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/61cc6e2e8ec045ce9e2f04e580367c5f/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/7e1e415650a949b191cfccf8c3a0a59e/7BE170AFD9D1D5596E178C0D1A57F309.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：较易<br>化学就在我们身边,它与我们的生活息息相关<br>.<br>请从<br>A<br>熟石灰、<br>B<br>苏打、<br>C<br>一氧化碳、<br>D<br>氮气、<br>E<br>浓硫酸、<br>F<br>盐酸这六种物质中,选择适当的物质用序号填空。<br>1.能与酸发生中和反应的物质是;<br>2.常用于工业除锈的试剂是;<br>3.有毒的物质是;<br>4.我国著名化学家侯德榜发明的联合制碱法中的“碱”是指。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/4430167967044d9ba3235641aa4d46a5/AEC5FA5645A2E5C8977F045EE4BF2B80.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/af0fb411e28841fbb7ab01bd3b1f8b87/0627E8A9541487D9749FD94608565B00.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>如图是<br>“△△<br>牌发酵粉<br>”<br>的部分信息,课外化学兴趣小组的同学对其进行了如下探究(请你完成相应填空):<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/6343E68E6CBCE9E30A335FED6B16852E.png"><br>查阅资料:<br>(<br>)发酵粉能够使面团松软、发泡是因为发酵粉产生了<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>所致;<br>(<br>)酒石酸是一种易溶解于水的固体有机酸;<br>(<br>)<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/049D802E7350A56DC61AAD18655E5681.png"><br>受热不分解。<br>提出问题:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/69006AE9978DAE1FF1136A3E55851AD2.png"><br>在发酵粉加水或加热时如何产生<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>?<br>猜想:甲:<br>…<br>乙:酒石酸与<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/69006AE9978DAE1FF1136A3E55851AD2.png"><br>在溶液中反应产生<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>丙:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/69006AE9978DAE1FF1136A3E55851AD2.png"><br>加热产生<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>试验探究:<br>(<br>)小<br>军同学取<br>少量<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/69006AE9978DAE1FF1136A3E55851AD2.png"><br>粉末于试管中,加入适量水,无气体产生,从而否定了猜想甲,则猜想甲是<br>________<br>。小军又将酒石酸溶液和<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/69006AE9978DAE1FF1136A3E55851AD2.png"><br>溶液混合,产生了<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>,从而验证了猜想乙,说明了<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/69006AE9978DAE1FF1136A3E55851AD2.png"><br>具有的性质之一是<br>_________<br>;<br>(<br>)张华同学为探究猜想<br>丙设计<br>了如图所示的实验装置:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/313A83D0D9B89C55B12F151772A017AD.png"><br>张华另取适量<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/69006AE9978DAE1FF1136A3E55851AD2.png"><br>粉末加入<br>a<br>试管中,加热,观察到<br>a<br>试管口有水生成,<br>b<br>试管中澄清石灰水变浑浊。<br>b<br>试管中反应的化学方程式为<br>___________<br>。持续加热直至两支试管均不再发生变化时,发现<br>a<br>试管中仍残留有较多白色固体粉末,向该粉末中滴加稀盐酸,有<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>产生,说明该粉末是<br>__________<br>小结:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/69006AE9978DAE1FF1136A3E55851AD2.png"><br>在发酵粉中产生<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>的条件是<br>__________<br>;<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/69006AE9978DAE1FF1136A3E55851AD2.png"><br>受热发生变化的化学方程式为:<br>_________<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/2f74634401fa4f09810e47b053877901/CDC1FD5EC2C8FC5E805E4152EF0B52EC.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/9bcc83e3aac94998819882ae2f8f7705/B154E45CD88C63E982621B60A0C4D40F.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>实验课上同学们对酸碱盐的性质作了如下探究。<br>1.小海探究了中和滴定实验,操作如下图甲所示,当他观察到____________时,说明恰好完全反应。写出反应的化学方程式__________________。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/74092297B0E902527E2F5944D62B5288.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/1F723D599F5668EAA492EE44F99BF2EF.png"><br> 2.小郝对一瓶敞口放置的氢氧化钠溶液产生兴趣,他想探究该溶液是否完全变质。取样后先加入__________溶液,有白色沉淀生成。过滤。滤液中加入无色酚酞溶液,观察到溶液变红,他推断该氢氧化钠溶液部分变质。3.小亮则根据所学知识绘制了如下图所示物质间关系网络图,并做了相关实验。(“—”表示相连的两种物质能发生反应,“→”表示某物质可以转化为另一种物质。)已知A为胃酸的主要成分,B是贝壳的主要成分,D微溶于水,A与F反应生成气体。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/F0FAE0B73B84728F239FFF3CD5C6F36B.png"><br>①写出物质D的俗称__________;②写出C→D的现象_________;③写出E→F的化学方程式_________;④写出物质E的一点用途_________________;<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/5047b44444ca4911a0ae205f805eb05b/CC385E45CB13A1F4676ED1BB9C2F4E0F.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/386bee0a24514217bfc76607462f6a59/4F6D9F80245B3AB07D02EA5C73A71672.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>通过海水晾晒可得粗盐,<br>粗盐除<br>NaCl<br>外,还含有<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/462875D59B41C4EDCD894F919C906505.png"><br>以及泥沙等杂质,以下是制备精盐的实验方案,各步操作流程如下:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/E5887B02D02A51BF3C9A960D8A25E94A.png"><br>(<br>)在第<br>①<br>步粗盐溶解操作中要用玻璃棒搅拌,作用是<br>_____<br>(<br>)第<br>⑤<br>步<br>“<br>过滤<br>”<br>操作中得到沉淀的成分有:泥沙<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/60D26B76A997B0FF2934DB9A141C81D6.png"><br>、<br>_____<br>(填化学式)。<br>(<br>)在第<br>③<br>步操作中,选择的除杂的试剂不能用<br>KOH<br>代替<br>NaOH<br>,理由是<br>_____<br>(<br>)在利用粗盐制备精盐过程的第<br>⑥<br>步操作中,加入适量盐酸的目的是<br>_____<br>(<br>)实验所得精盐的质量大于粗盐中<br>NaCl<br>的质量,原因是<br>_____<br>(<br>)某品牌纯碱中含有杂质<br>NaCl<br>,化学兴趣小组的同学进行了如下实验研究:称取<br>12g<br>样品放入烧杯中,加入稀盐酸至不再产生气泡为止,并绘制出加入稀盐酸的质量与放出气体质量的关系如图。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/77394BAFC3A8FBB2F43D24D2E7C3552B.png"><br>①<br>纯碱恰好完全反应时,生成<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/3/5/3AB34B1B8224706C6E4369A324ED490A.png"><br>的质量为<br>_____g<br>②<br>计算当盐酸与纯碱恰好完全反应时,所得溶液的溶质质量分数是多少?<br>____<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/3143f4b8f216414da51ea478c6b0238c/FEB19F3C2DC83DC8A4039FBE3F873329.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/d3e3a878942f4025a2a45f2fdaeef70f/E263575BE6AFE5206914EE8C518706D3.png"><br><br>
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