2020-2021学年九年级下册化学鲁教版单元测试AB卷 第八单元 海水中的化学 A卷 基础夯
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列选项中物质的俗名、化学式类别、用途完全对应的是( )。A.纯碱 <img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/14/5020518739833AA0F61A620DBB447C84.png"><br> 碱 制玻璃<br>B.生石灰 <img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/14/DDC7D8484A23AE0638F4E8449ED2D256.png"><br> 氧化物 补钙剂<br>C.食盐 <img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/14/167FA22263F566DF8C5FB8D782CB3F9C.png"><br> 盐 除铁锈<br>D.火碱 <img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/14/FC36191549301C2A156A2084670322F1.png"><br> 碱 生产橡胶<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/507cc726bf1843ce9c27d419008b98d9/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/95755a0c26fa4ffa9e876b2c54796ec6/0268648EA8A40D277BEFBCC207D168B3.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>微观示意图可以帮助我们更好地认识化学反应。下列相关认识中错误的是( )。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/14/8FA21861606343135E8B663C3FA73082.png"><br>A.图甲表示中和反应的实质是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/14/F4E275EF94A04CC48B1DBA89B38F163B.png"><br>结合成水分子<br>B.图乙表示反应的化学方程式是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/14/636952B9C3EA9CF3369043EF62E682F8.png"><br>C.图丙表示的反应若在通电的条件下发生,说明电能可以转化为化学能<br>D.图丙表示的反应,说明水是由氢气和氧气组成的<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/1d11e99d294f412898a7ecdbb3cdd532/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/f1c07ffef421493183627d55759b0674/05BCC3CC9F1461A3660FECA5D9CDC7A1.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>t℃时某物质的溶解度为100<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/14/D0452A70D38F27AD42619B8C0CFC62E6.png"><br>,该温度下,此物质的饱和溶液中下列质量关系正确的是( )。A.溶质:溶液=1:1 B.溶质:溶剂=1:1<br>C.溶剂:溶液=1:1 D.饱和溶液的质量一定为200<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/14/D0452A70D38F27AD42619B8C0CFC62E6.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/8ec5714bdc474ce7b3e6940e2a3b0298/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/78bdb4c323904acb8270a1f45c7ad075/499FE28E12E90C304AD8F510DA95C79F.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>粗食盐中的杂质主要是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/14/410694FB5B13F2A4E3A469530E1EBAF8.png"><br>。工业上常将粗盐粉碎后用饱和食盐水浸洗,再过滤出食盐。对此,下面评论正确的是( )。A.浸洗前后,被浸洗的食盐中<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/14/410694FB5B13F2A4E3A469530E1EBAF8.png"><br>的含量基本不变<br>B.浸洗前后,食盐水中<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/14/4ECACFEBCC37EE7073E5B2183EE0B735.png"><br>的浓度基本不变<br>C.浸洗用的饱和食盐水可以无限次地使用下去<br>D.粉碎颗粒的大小影响浸洗后食盐中<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/14/410694FB5B13F2A4E3A469530E1EBAF8.png"><br>的含量<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/208c3be4a1894f1c8b519abf02dcee67/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/0e0267e824de4b6bb3b8bb1d55672c7b/A8C37A5019D8869E01CD470A4B3940D0.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>地球上水资源很丰富,是因为地球表面有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/12/17A957D8A76687F199C7BE803ACA1649.png"><br>被水覆盖,地球上淡水资源又很不充裕,是因为淡水量不到总水量的1%,因而海水淡化问题已成为科学家研究的主要方向。若要实现海水淡化为饮用水,下列方法和原理不可行的是( )。A.采用“多级闪急蒸馏法”使海水淡化<br>B.加明矾使海水中的盐分沉淀并淡化<br>C.在海水中加入极易挥发的物质,使水和盐分离<br>D.利用半透膜,采用反渗透法使海水淡化<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/5da163f7c02b4f76bb08ade0979fd781/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/0238dbce2ad24d3ead7543b787d23220/D4E0C0EF9AC570EBF022387E72F41783.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>海水淡化是解决淡水资源不足的重要方法。下列方法中,可以使海水淡化的是( )<br>A.蒸馏 B.沉降 C.过滤 D.吸附<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/55dc1918812249be963c171ad27a9bd1/E7F0EDF83F40244C8F0C84B97471AED6.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/451d9b524f9e45549acb4f8f70d9c346/D3BEAD51B3EF73D3A9B82148A9436DB8.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>甲、乙两种固体的溶解度曲线如图所示。将①②两支试管中的甲、乙饱和溶液(均有少量未溶解的固体)放进盛有热水的烧杯里,升高温度后,下列有关说法正确的是( )。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/7/15/56BD03841717D23AA60ACD2B2D024990.png"><br>A.甲的溶解度大于乙的溶解度<br>B.①⑨两溶液均变为不饱和溶液<br>C.①溶液质量增加,②溶液质量减少<br>D.①溶液中溶质的质量分数一定大于②溶液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2019/44123559b306438783c1b22160f6e71d/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2019/33554f55105d4e5a8307e46303c66f91/967C7CEEE637340E435860273FD2D7EC.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>关于粗盐提纯的实验,说法正确的是( )。A.粗盐不可以放在烧杯里称量<br>B.蒸发皿不可以直接加热<br>C.蒸发时发现有固体开始析出,即停止加热<br>D.涉及的分离操作有过滤和蒸发<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/b4e0e4a26ec249c49656a1de64f0aca6/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/53cabff8549448adbffbea26d079c384/53E32D673E94121CC17D5A3CD194F31E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>炎热的夏天,打开冰镇可乐的瓶盖,有大量的气泡产生,有关说法错误的是( )。A.气体是二氧化碳<br>B.瓶内气压减小使该气体的溶解度变小<br>C.温度升高使该气体的溶解度变小<br>D.剩余可乐是该气体的不饱和溶液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/9dbed1470e8e4815a1fae57fc08e0029/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/603e1d35cc474bc3a15e2b1f1955ad39/03220237614AE7989B35B66B462567F0.png"><br><br>※题型：多选题※知识点：多选题※试题难度：中等<br>对化学反应<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/13/98E5023756A2F303D96BFD8042E2B6AD.png"><br>的下列说法中正确的是( )。A.若A是稀硫酸,则生成物质中一定有水<br>B.若C、D是盐和水,则A、B不一定是酸和碱<br>C.若A是可溶性碱,B是可溶性盐,则C、D不可能是两种沉淀<br>D.若A、B、C、D都是化合物,则该反应不一定是复分解反应<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/2a5471aa4eb741a8afa19e73b27297d3/D18D4D13EAB1C5050787CC6EDF970E13.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/c9c5c76abf3a4af8af9b9abd2acd814a/D85437F620FE23B57446AA98C2B2ADEE.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：容易<br>下列物质间不能发生复分解反应的是( )。A.碳酸钠溶液和氯化钙溶液<br>B.氢氧化钠溶液和氯化钾溶液<br>C.碳酸钾溶液和盐酸<br>D.硫酸铜溶液和氯化钡溶液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2016/234c13fd075f4bc6bc0db7b9cd5cf2ad/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2016/2b3df7e323f644c0b72b30c7f5f47327/E62F1F7C4CE6AA51DDF560B0665E4C7D.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>在无色溶液中,下列各组物质能大量共存的是( )。A.氯化钠、氢氧化钙、稀盐酸<br>B.硝酸钾、氯化铜、氢氧化钠<br>C.硝酸钠、氢氧化钾、氯化钡<br>D.碳酸氢钠、氯化钾、稀硫酸<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/533731f6e7fc4cb988cf8732102257bf/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/04dbd72e273340ee8e8e8a449e35dd18/262C3CC3BD7A78EE9305B3838F394C58.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：较易<br>家庭或企业加工馒头、面包和饼干等食品时,常在面粉中加入膨松剂(如碳酸氢钠),蒸制或烘焙食品中产生大量气体,使面团疏松、多孔,制作的食品松软或酥脆,易于消化吸收。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/13/F9D61013813FB331119BB8DCC1FCEDF5.png"><br>阅读上面信息后,回答:<br>(<br>)信息中提供的膨松剂是<br>_<br>___________<br>(填化学式)。<br>(<br>)碳酸氢钠是一种<br>_<br>___________<br>(填“可溶”或“不溶”)性的化合物。<br>(<br>)碳酸氢钠能使蒸制或烘焙的食品疏松多孔,原理是<br>_<br>___________<br>(用化学方程式解释)。<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/d4cf3996d1ac4557b8961d9465a6b1b2/90BE7382D8502CFA31371A0409DC52D9.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/22c632615f45405398a38ef9454ea989/5DF6E5EF4C2347A8A0C343AC16FD5089.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>如图所示为<br>a<br>、<br>b<br>、<br>c<br>三种固体物质的溶解度曲线,请回答以下问题。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/3/07B3F0FF21C8C8E42A211F5B17DD4E56.png"><br>1.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/3/FAB785DDE2E25227979F28E17DC24815.png"><br>点是a、c两条曲线的交点,其含义是__________________。<br>2.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/3/128EEA09B8BDD40D7116405FDB835673.png"><br>℃时将a物质20<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/3/D0452A70D38F27AD42619B8C0CFC62E6.png"><br>加入到50<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/3/D0452A70D38F27AD42619B8C0CFC62E6.png"><br>水中充分搅拌后,所得溶液的质量是__________________<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/3/D0452A70D38F27AD42619B8C0CFC62E6.png"><br>。<br>3.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/3/128EEA09B8BDD40D7116405FDB835673.png"><br>℃时,将a、b、c的饱和溶液各100<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/3/D0452A70D38F27AD42619B8C0CFC62E6.png"><br>,分别降温到<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/3/91B4A0ED46DA0B03A2A8CF22C0EEF470.png"><br>℃,所得溶液中溶质的质量分数由大到小的顺序是__________________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/ea30d9946b4540f69a48e72c0d1b6c83/3D50EE7AF4658EC33F359F3641151D4F.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/8f82f99ccabb4d98b11f94feb637764d/657AB80CF4E6A6D13A83EABF43B4EDC8.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>我国的领海主权不容侵犯。南海是我国的固有海域蕴藏着丰富的海洋资源。<br>(<br>)南海不仅蕴含着大量的煤、石油、天然气等常规能源,还蕴藏着大量的可燃冰。可燃冰(主要成分是<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/12/5AE69F147234DF32EF5E64E5C6878C8F.png"><br>)被科学家誉为“未来能源”,<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/12/5AE69F147234DF32EF5E64E5C6878C8F.png"><br>完全燃烧的化学方程式是<br>_<br>_________<br>。可燃<br>冰作为<br>能源与煤、石油相比的优点是<br>_<br>_____________<br>(<br>)南海某<br>岛采用<br>风力发电提供的能源对海水进行了下图所示的综合利用<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/12/EC1A5F9AF5F956A9D16AF79205CAD455.png"><br>①反渗析法淡化海水是利用海水中各成分的<br>_<br>_____________<br>不同分离出淡水。<br>②将高盐度浓缩海水进行<br>_<br>_____________<br>可以分离得到粗盐。<br>(<br>)用苦卤制取金属镁的流程图如下<br>:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/12/E0AD661650FFD098DFC2126D117CE57A.png"><br>上述转化过程中,所发生的反应属于复分解反应类型的步骤是<br>_<br>_____________<br>(填序号)。步骤Ⅱ的化学方程式为<br>_<br>_____________<br>利用苦卤制取氢氧化镁比直接向海水中加人石灰乳制取氢氧化镁的优势是<br>_<br>_____________<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/db74f06fbfbe4b8488e465d642240b11/C031B92CFFCFDDADA2E58824182FD55C.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>某研究性学习小组学习了工业“侯氏制碱法”的原理后,知道:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/13/2003367C9AD930C6211CBCB68C0AF4F2.png"><br>【<br>提出问题】能否在实验室模拟“侯氏制碱法”中制取<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/13/743D3410664D37284FBC47CDC4BA58AB.png"><br>的过程呢?<br>【<br>实验验证】下图是该学习小组进行模拟实验时所用到的部分主要装置。已知浓氨水遇生石灰会产生大量的<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/13/72E318180F1C3D00E8D8DCFDB2D09C08.png"><br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/13/DBBDF28A52C6E15CADF61BCFFD3C129E.png"><br>请回答下列问题<br>:<br>1.检查A装置气密性的方法是塞紧带长颈漏斗的橡胶塞,夹紧弹簧夹后,从漏斗中注入一定量的水,使漏斗内的水面高于试管内的水面,停止加水后,若______________,说明装置不漏气。<br>2.D是连接在装置A与装置C之间的气体净化装置,进气口是______________(填“a”或“b”),D的作用是除去______________气体。<br>3.实验时先向饱和<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/13/167FA22263F566DF8C5FB8D782CB3F9C.png"><br>溶液中通入较多的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/13/72E318180F1C3D00E8D8DCFDB2D09C08.png"><br>(溶液显碱性),再通入足量的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/13/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>,其原因是______________(填序号)。①使<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/13/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>更易被吸收②<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/13/68D3BAB5877A3172C0DCCD080177E9B9.png"><br>更易制取③<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/13/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>的密度比<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/13/72E318180F1C3D00E8D8DCFDB2D09C08.png"><br>大4.用______________的方法将生成的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/13/743D3410664D37284FBC47CDC4BA58AB.png"><br>晶体从混合物中分离出来。【得出结论】利用“侯氏制碱法”在实验室可以制取<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/13/743D3410664D37284FBC47CDC4BA58AB.png"><br>。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/422749b853324b8fa2043bfe0ba278ff/717F9CC2AAEF5478D09E4D0A7BF49731.png"><br>解析<br>略<br>
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