2020-2021学年九年级下册化学鲁教版单元测试AB卷 第七单元 常见的酸和碱 B卷 能力提
※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列物质长期露置于空气中,因发生化学变化而使溶液质量减少的是( )<br>A.浓硫酸 B.澄清石灰水 C.浓盐酸 D.氯化钠溶液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/88a38bb547f44f9c8bfa6c1e1b92afb8/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/e8834a5a35c5433396339e6e2d172322/1EAE0EC10ACE30130C8F8A592049649A.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>用pH试纸测定石灰水的pH,如图所示,则测得结果与实际值相比( )。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/11/D2790BA0C939D44477FB8F352A7D73CA.png"><br>A.偏高 B.偏低 C.相等 D.无法确定<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/31e759e14770456c9a8a8482d370ad9c/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/96295ff12ae3433d85612334ea809819/8003235DC46C4547A49E7E50A91D50CA.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>石灰浆新抹的墙壁上掉下一块白色固体,小红为探究其成分,她应该选用的试剂是( )。A.酚酞、氢氧化钠溶液 B.酚酞、稀盐酸<br>C.酚酞、氯化钠溶液 D.盐酸、氢氧化钠溶液<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/be359315429247abbef41e5d0ae8e981/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/31013310b78f49d6ae11d471e9630507/29A1212A4EC84AC97E363E59BB0F39F0.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>将100<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/12/D0452A70D38F27AD42619B8C0CFC62E6.png"><br>20%的盐酸加入到盛有100<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/12/D0452A70D38F27AD42619B8C0CFC62E6.png"><br>20%的NaOH溶液的小烧杯中,滴加紫色石蕊试液。下列说法正确的是( )。A.得到的溶液呈紫色<br>B.该反应吸收热量<br>C.该反应不属于中和反应<br>D.得到的溶液质量为200<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/12/D0452A70D38F27AD42619B8C0CFC62E6.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/91c9ebd9e64c48dd90558d62583c7a4c/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/bc4ac13b684645529320bf308706bc8e/A98847B9BBC0E8EFE590F75D65654B8E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>如图,在一个盛有氢氧化钠溶液的容器中有一支燃着的蜡烛。现用一只杯子将蜡烛罩住,过一会儿,可能发生的现象是( )。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/12/3/7E9DC919CD49B2AE1AA3E6A3CCFAFA70.png"><br>A.蜡烛继续燃烧,杯子内液面不变<br>B.火焰逐渐熄灭,杯子内液面下降<br>C.蜡烛燃烧更旺,杯子内液面上升<br>D.火焰逐渐熄灭,杯子内液面上升<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/73f7ed4f5df047e1b353e922c4b81700/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/39c8fe2f47b14259ac49e5a5f1ef21f8/B41CF9E50290AB43910E896ED1ABB198.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>向盛有50mL稀硫酸的烧杯中,缓慢滴加一定溶质质量分数的氢氧化钡溶液至过量。随着氢氧化钡溶液的滴加,某些量变化趋势正确的是( )<br>A.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/10/B20CF4DBDA2B0C1732A2777B944B7177.png"><br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/10/C35A7C6CE0A357B6169257FA4E7F4CB1.png"><br>C.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/10/A2DC800F406B40405DFF94448EB3A3D3.png"><br>D.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/10/F186C0E97C39007FB0D042FAA0FA16D3.png"><br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/4eb8d1ca4e784356ab2b5fa511112cf8/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/e257a6a57a1a486589b55e5d89ecfbea/CBAAC67B1EAA4D35A5CDA1F52CC14AE9.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>室温下,将氢氧化钠溶液滴加到盛有一定量稀盐酸的容器中,边滴边搅拌,用数字pH仪连接电脑实时测得pH变化曲线如图。下列相关叙述错误的是( )<imgA.容器中发生的反应属于中和反应<br>B.a点溶液能使紫色石蕊溶液变红<br>C.b点表示HCl与NaOH等质量反应<br>D.c点溶液中的溶质是NaCl和NaOH<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/763912a08ff444c0916b8a84fd1c5c40/9284769935E34A8041F3A9B6AFC465F5.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/1420aa06cf3c4006aff9b865cd72e967/A158299FFB7F96960F2D998BF7CE2F5E.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>些食物的近似pH如表所示,下列说法正确的是( )<br><tbody><br>食物<br>苹果汁<br>西瓜汁<br>牛奶<br>鸡蛋清<br>pH<br>2.9<br>5.8<br>6.4<br>7.6<br></tbody><br>A.牛奶放置一段时间后变酸,pH变大<br>B.西瓜汁比苹果汁酸性强<br>C.鸡蛋清和牛奶都显碱性<br>D.胃酸过多的人应该少饮苹果汁<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/b2c69a7e19b54b948ad554d42a9f1384/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/1fd170e6a42c400b8942811572e995fc/D6AC1F25BE828E2116D6F3EA3EDA7E00.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>中和反应在生活生产中有广泛的应用,下列做法不是利用中和反应原理的是( )。A.用熟石灰改良酸性土壤<br>B.用含氢氧化镁的药物治疗胃酸过多<br>C.用盐酸除去铁锈<br>D.用氨水(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2018/5/16/CA31E4549A700563E914F74B00F20C21.png"><br>)处理工厂污水中的硫酸<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2018/eae353517f3f4406bfbce782d9d9acb8/06CA09E70C17EF8BA2D3B8C70D693953.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2018/eacf26e68711455f8703197bcfa6da98/26183CC67BE4711D7A59C86A05BDB715.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>某实验小组用下图装置进行微型实验。按下列表中选项加入试剂,实验时滴入甲,浸有丙的棉花不变红的是( )<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/7/17/E47B2FFF9C4A0B0353159A4AABAA137F.png"><br><tbody><br>选项<br>甲<br>乙<br>丙<br>A<br>浓氨水<br>/<br>无色酚酞溶液<br>B<br>石灰水<br>碳酸钠<br>无色酚酞溶液<br>C<br>稀盐酸<br>石灰石<br>紫色石蕊溶液<br>D<br>浓盐酸<br>锌粒<br>紫色石蕊溶液<br></tbody><br>A.A B.B C.C D.D<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/8dc458f69a314a559a7b3c92f5e4f72c/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/52d3d45e2ce348cc903d8b12df8eafdb/A49B3067635AD9261D89F29A6CBD42F8.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>某兴趣小组的同学为探究浓硫酸的吸水性设计了如下实验(已知:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/9/58B55E879F9BBE7E7E9547A5DF7CFCE0.png"><br>晶体失去结晶水变为白色粉末),理论上能达到实验目的的是( )。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/9/3DF44AE56FE18347C49FE6769EDC54BA.png"><br>A.①③ B.①②③④ C.①③④ D.②④<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/863ca9bac1c24b7fb9f2feae35ae1ed3/76900E09FAB5EBA344B8EA84E844FF07.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/d420b6ebd50241129dfd40e998466767/D374D2C92AB200925490C754971BFA97.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>下列关于硫酸的说法错误的是( )。A.浓硫酸具有吸水性<br>B.稀硫酸能用来除铁锈<br>C.稀硫酸与氯化钡溶液混合得白色沉淀<br>D.浓硫酸倒入水中,溶液温度会降低<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/305bfe166dd74f659163e51c78b2c734/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/97c83f312b244354807890e46ad80209/77D7F1D12C13B1C918B694FD6DDBED08.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：中等<br>在圆底烧瓶中充满<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/11/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>,通过注射器向瓶中分别加入等体积的水和NaOH溶液。利用传感器得到的气压变化如图所示。下列说法错误的是( )。<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/11/C77114B1EE2629D334C9713BE1A1524E.png"><br>A.800s时,曲线①表示的溶液显酸性<br>B.曲线②表示的是NaOH与<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/11/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>发生的反应<br>C.刚开始压强增大是因为加入液体后气体被压缩<br>D.等体积的水和NaOH溶液,吸收的<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/11/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>一样多<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/2a478031517947478cb87bf25cbe5ad6/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/dcc349f01fde416fb2a307b0afdb1df0/C00E90519DE9AC0FCB13F1E899B17AB2.png"><br><br>※题型：单选题※知识点：单选题※试题难度：较易<br>实验室许多药品需要密封保存。下列药品需密封保存的原因,解释错误的是( )。A.浓盐酸——防止挥发<br>B.<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/11/22E31F776370366F790221CF4E7FC96B.png"><br>溶液——防止与<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/11/7002435560602C62060BA723DC55D86C.png"><br>反应<br>C.浓硫酸——防止吸水<br>D.生石灰——防止与氧气反应<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/92e0f9cf116449aebf8ff3193ff5f651/01A39E48B8A67989A23F6887F26FCC64.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/c70dad79cab34fa6abf1617b41898c40/1D569EB5812C15F3A221EDD2865B8CD2.png"><br><br>※题型：填空题※知识点：填空题※试题难度：中等<br>根据信息回答下列问题:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/12/93634CE4F77ED47D4320994521D0AB0C.png"><br>1.右图中三种酸溶于水时生成的阳离子全部是________。<br>2.由图中可推测出它们具有相似的化学性质。请写出氢溴酸(<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/12/097512BD63A0C02D15B73D10BD0204EA.png"><br>)与<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/12/899E87B27F1236109AC87103F2D31DB2.png"><br>溶液反应的化学方程式:________。<br>3.依据一定的分类标准,可将这三种酸划分为两组:一组是<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/12/90D0B4ED9E56CEAEB9B938147C35737D.png"><br>,另一组只有<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/12/195F6C10B2650BB6671818FE956A12CB.png"><br>。分类依据可以是①从组成方面看:<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/12/90D0B4ED9E56CEAEB9B938147C35737D.png"><br>不含氧元素,<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2021/1/12/195F6C10B2650BB6671818FE956A12CB.png"><br>含氧元素;②从物理性质方面看:_______________。<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2021/ee1e898aac5142139dfde25f2b1274a5/9395B8606F4C2758C81896D394F28E01.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2021/4f2d7c8f7a6046ae9064fcf2f28b5a89/FDDC3E7023FCA21A83A44FDD56501CBC.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>归纳是化学学习的重要方法。学完盐的性质后,小郑归纳出酸的<br>A<br>、<br>B<br>、<br>C<br>、<br>D<br>、<br>E<br>五条化学性质,并用“五角星”呈现出来,如图:<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/8/0E04AFFDD2D67FA512D67F3F4973621E.png"><br>1.图中酸的D性质中,即“五角星”右下角里面对应物质的类别是_________。<br>2.紫色石蕊试液滴入酸中,溶液显_________色。<br>3.若酸是硫酸,请写出用稀硫酸清除铁锈的主要反应化学方程式:_________。<br>4.若酸是盐酸,请你选择一种常见的物质来检验酸的D性质_________(填化学式)。<br>5.小郑探究<img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2020/1/8/B05F9B5AF3B479C3E0355A0B52F63305.png"><br>与酸液反应的快慢,需要控制的变量是_________(填序号)。①金属的聚集形态(形状)②酸液起始温度③酸液种类④酸液的浓度⑤反应容器的大小<br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2020/8d689650060a4184a8b0375c517fd83a/0D6819A12841013F789BFD1BD89A5739.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2020/772636c5d75345b5a98432a01904bc9a/71B92611EB9966990A242C99FF373853.png"><br><br>※题型：实验题※知识点：实验题※试题难度：中等<br>小<br>娟<br>同学发现,上个月做化学实验用的氢氧化钠溶液忘记了盖瓶盖。对于该溶液是否变质,小<br>娟<br>和同学们进行了如下探究活动。<br>【提出问题】<br>该瓶氢氧化钠<br>溶液是否变质及变质的程度?<br>【查阅资料】氯化钡溶液呈中性。<br>【猜想】<br>①<br>该溶液没有变质;<br>②<br>该溶液全部变质;<br>③<br>该溶液部分变质。<br>【进行实验】小<br>娟<br>和同学们按如下方案进行了实验。<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/6/20/9B6F4CE9EEE7C23CCB2FF6F2C4141E31.png"><br>【问题讨论】<br>(<br>)操作<br>Ⅰ<br>的名称是<br>__________<br>(<br>)写出产生白色沉淀的化学反应方程式<br>:<br>__________<br>。由此现象可得出:猜想<br>__________<br>(填序号)错误。<br>(<br>)结合操作<br>Ⅰ和Ⅱ,若“<br>现象<br>X<br>”<br>是溶液不变色,则猜想<br>__________<br>(填序号)正确;若“<br>现象<br>X<br>”<br>是<br>__________<br>,则猜想<br>③<br>正确。<br>【拓展应用】<br>(<br>)小<br>娟<br>和同学们通过以上实验探究得出,实验室保存氢氧化钠溶液的方法是<br>__________<br>(<br>)如果氢氧化钠溶液中混有少量碳酸钠杂质,常加入适量<br>__________<br>(填“<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/6/20/5E4D4B5EF80A8BC047B55C1EE385AD31.png"><br>”或“<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/testImage/2/2019/6/20/9C0D82C39936C671BDCFB624B09047E3.png"><br>”)除去。<br><br>答案<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/answer/2/5/2019/2c455d9e2c4e4ce29733b4aff450e2e6/B5C636B75AF75A4D751510D406DEFE35.png"><br>解析<br><img src="https://picture2.zhihuicn.com/explain/2/5/2019/873cd1725f3745879b26106039b45404/F59D9C41F295AEAA768F35C23707EFB6.png"><br><br>
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