通货膨胀让民众和企业损失了什么?
<p><span word="In">In</span> <span word="general">general</span>, <span word="people">people</span> <span word="seem">seem</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="inflation">inflation</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="thing">thing</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="economy">economy</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="sense">sense</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="degree">degree</span> - <span word="inflation">inflation</span> <span word="refers">refers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="rising">rising</span> <span word="prices">prices</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="rising">rising</span> <span word="prices">prices</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="typically">typically</span> <span word="viewed">viewed</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bad">bad</span> <span word="thing">thing</span>.</p><p>总体来说，人们似乎知道通货膨胀对一个经济体来说通常不是什么好事。这是情理之中的事，在一定程度上，通货膨胀就意味着物价上涨，而物价上涨一般都被视为坏事。</p><p><span word="Technically">Technically</span> <span word="speaking">speaking</span>, <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="increases">increases</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="aggregate">aggregate</span> <span word="price">price</span> <span word="level">level</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="particularly">particularly</span> <span word="problematic">problematic</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="prices">prices</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="goods">goods</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="services">services</span> <span word="rise">rise</span> <span word="uniformly">uniformly</span>, <span word="if">if</span> <span word="wages">wages</span> <span word="rise">rise</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="tandem">tandem</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="price">price</span> <span word="increases">increases</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="nominal">nominal</span> <span word="interest">interest</span> <span word="rates">rates</span> <span word="adjust">adjust</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="response">response</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="inflation">inflation</span>. (<span word="In">In</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="words">words</span>, <span word="inflation">inflation</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="reduce">reduce</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="purchasing">purchasing</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="consumers">consumers</span>.)</p><p>从技术上讲，如果所有商品和服务的价格都以统一的幅度上涨，如果工资水平也随着物价一起上涨，并且如果名义利率也跟随通货膨胀进行调整，那综合物价的上涨就不太会是个问题。（换句话说，这种情况下通货膨胀并没有削弱消费者的购买力。）</p><p><span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span>, <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="costs">costs</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="inflation">inflation</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="relevant">relevant</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="economic">economic</span> <span word="perspective">perspective</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="easily">easily</span> <span word="avoided">avoided</span>.</p><p>不过，从经济学的角度看，通货膨胀还是会带来些很明显的成本，而且这些成本无法轻易避免。</p>
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