大选学英语（2）
<p><span word="Buckley">Buckley</span> <span word="vs">vs</span> <span word="Valeo">Valeo</span>：跋克雷对韦里欧案件</p><p><span word="Buckley">Buckley</span> <span word="vs">vs</span> <span word="Valeo">Valeo</span>: <span word="Buckley">Buckley</span> <span word="vs">vs</span>. <span word="Verio">Verio</span></p><p>最高法院1976年在“跋克雷对韦里欧案件”中，支持了对捐款的限制。对政治捐款加以适当限制是一种保障公民享有平等的基本政治权利的努力，防止了富人作为新的特权者控制政治程序，因而也是维护民主的努力。如《联选法》规定，个人对总统候选人的捐款上限是1000美元。这样候选人再也不能像以前那样仅仅依靠一小撮富人来支持自己的选举。他们不得不从广大选民那里获取支持。</p><p><span word="In">In</span> 1976, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Supreme">Supreme</span> <span word="Court">Court</span> <span word="upheld">upheld</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="restrictions">restrictions</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="donations">donations</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Bacre">Bacre</span> <span word="case">case</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="Verio">Verio</span>. <span word="Proper">Proper</span> <span word="restriction">restriction</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="political">political</span> <span word="donation">donation</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="effort">effort</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="protect">protect</span> <span word="citizens">citizens</span>' <span word="equal">equal</span> <span word="basic">basic</span> <span word="political">political</span> <span word="rights">rights</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="prevent">prevent</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rich">rich</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="controlling">controlling</span> <span word="political">political</span> <span word="procedures">procedures</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="privileged">privileged</span> <span word="persons">persons</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="therefore">therefore</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="safeguard">safeguard</span> <span word="democracy">democracy</span>. <span word="As">As</span> <span word="stipulated">stipulated</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="joint">joint</span> <span word="election">election</span> <span word="act">act</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="maximum">maximum</span> <span word="amount">amount</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="individual">individual</span> <span word="contributions">contributions</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="presidential">presidential</span> <span word="candidates">candidates</span> <span word="is">is</span> $1000. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="way">way</span>, <span word="candidates">candidates</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="rely">rely</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="rich">rich</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="support">support</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="elections">elections</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="before">before</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="support">support</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="general">general</span> <span word="electorate">electorate</span>.</p><p><span word="Coattails">Coattails</span>：燕尾提举力</p><p><span word="Coattails">Coattails</span>: <span word="Yanwei">Yanwei</span> <span word="lifting">lifting</span> <span word="force">force</span></p><p>从旧时绅士长礼服后下摆“燕尾”一词引伸而来。在美国政治中，指一位在职民选官员或竞选公职的候选人利用自己的声望给本党其他候选人增加胜选机会的能力——好似让别人受其燕尾之提举，顺势走向胜利。</p>
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