零失业率并不是一件好事
<p><span word="While">While</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="surface">surface</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="appears">appears</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> 0% <span word="unemployment">unemployment</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="terrific">terrific</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="citizens">citizens</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="country">country</span>, <span word="having">having</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="amount">amount</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="unemployment">unemployment</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="desirable">desirable</span>.</p><p>从表面上看，零失业率对一个国家的公民来说应该是好到爆了，然而实际上保留一个小幅的失业率才是好事。</p><p><span word="To">To</span> <span word="understand">understand</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="types">types</span> (<span word="or">or</span> <span word="causes">causes</span>) <span word="of">of</span> <span word="unemployment">unemployment</span>.</p><p>要弄明白为什么，我们首先得来看看失业的三种形式。（或者说三种成因）</p><p><span word="Cyclical">Cyclical</span> <span word="Unemployment">Unemployment</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="defined">defined</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="occurring">occurring</span> "<span word="when">when</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="unemployment">unemployment</span> <span word="rate">rate</span> <span word="moves">moves</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="opposite">opposite</span> <span word="direction">direction</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="GDP">GDP</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="rate">rate</span>. <span word="So">So</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="GDP">GDP</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="small">small</span> (<span word="or">or</span> <span word="negative">negative</span>) <span word="unemployment">unemployment</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="high">high</span>." <span word="When">When</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="economy">economy</span> <span word="goes">goes</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="recession">recession</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="laid">laid</span> <span word="off">off</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="cyclical">cyclical</span> <span word="unemployment">unemployment</span>.</p><p>周期性失业的定义是：失业率与<span word="GDP">GDP</span>的增速呈负相关的关系。也就是说，当<span word="GDP">GDP</span>增长率很小（或者为负）的时候，失业率会很高。当一个经济体进入衰退期，工人开始失业的时候，我们就遭遇了周期性失业。</p>
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