鲁迅作品综述
<p>在对鲁迅作品的研究中，《呐喊》和《彷徨》仍然是被关注的热点。这些小说曾被广泛、深入地研究了几十年，现在一般地解读其艺术内涵也许并不困难，重要的在于有所发现。胡尹强的《破毁铁屋子的希望——〈呐喊〉、〈彷徨〉新论》发现，《呐喊》、《彷徨》的二十来篇作品其实是有内在联系的系列小说，它们相互补充、相互阐释，从不同侧面表现了铁屋子意象所隐喻的丰富底蕴——鲁迅对２０世纪初中国社会的宏观把握和感悟。作者以铁屋子意象统摄全书，全面而深刻地揭示了鲁迅对现代中国人的存在命运与状态的深刻的人道主义关怀。李靖国的《〈狂人日记〉重探》发现，狂人形象的反封建并不具备彻底性与不妥协性，但这丝毫不降低作品的思想价值。恰恰相反，鲁迅的忧愤深广，正是通过一个清醒深刻的思想者被封建宗法制度强行剥夺自由思想独立人格而致“狂”，进而刻画了传统势力和礼教连“迫害妄想”症患者病发时的种种表现都不容许存在。最后，封建宗法制度与传统文化系统居然将“狂人”治“愈”，将反封建者驯服为其忠实的维护者与奴才，以此揭示封建主义“吃人”的凶残、虚伪与“高明”，从而警示改革者必须直面惨淡的人生和淋漓的鲜血，具备坚强的心理素质。</p><p><span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Lu">Lu</span> <span word="Xun">Xun</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="works">works</span>, <span word="shouts">shouts</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="hesitation">hesitation</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="hot">hot</span> <span word="spots">spots</span>. <span word="These">These</span> <span word="novels">novels</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="studied">studied</span> <span word="extensively">extensively</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="deeply">deeply</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="decades">decades</span>. <span word="Now">Now</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="interpret">interpret</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="artistic">artistic</span> <span word="connotation">connotation</span> <span word="generally">generally</span>. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="out">out</span>. <span word="Hu">Hu</span> <span word="Yinqiang">Yinqiang</span>'<span word="s">s</span> "<span word="the">the</span> <span word="hope">hope</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="destroying">destroying</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="iron">iron</span> <span word="house">house</span>" <span word="and">and</span> "<span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="theory">theory</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="hesitation">hesitation</span>" <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> 20 <span word="works">works</span> <span word="of">of</span> "<span word="the">the</span> <span word="cry">cry</span>" <span word="and">and</span> "<span word="hesitation">hesitation</span>" <span word="are">are</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="series">series</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="novels">novels</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="internal">internal</span> <span word="relations">relations</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="complement">complement</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="explain">explain</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="other">other</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rich">rich</span> <span word="connotation">connotation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="metaphor">metaphor</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="iron">iron</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="image">image</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="aspects">aspects</span> -- <span word="Lu">Lu</span> <span word="Xun">Xun</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="macro">macro</span> <span word="grasp">grasp</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="perception">perception</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="society">society</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="beginning">beginning</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> 20<span word="th">th</span> <span word="century">century</span>. <span word="With">With</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="image">image</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="iron">iron</span> <span word="house">house</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="author">author</span> <span word="reveals">reveals</span> <span word="Lu">Lu</span> <span word="Xun">Xun</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="deep">deep</span> <span word="humanitarian">humanitarian</span> <span word="concern">concern</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fate">fate</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="state">state</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="modern">modern</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="existence">existence</span>. <span word="Li">Li</span> <span word="Jingguo">Jingguo</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="reexamination">reexamination</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Madman">Madman</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="diary">diary</span> <span word="finds">finds</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="anti">anti</span> <span word="feudalism">feudalism</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Madman">Madman</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="image">image</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="thorough">thorough</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="uncompromising">uncompromising</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="reduce">reduce</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ideological">ideological</span> <span word="value">value</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="works">works</span>. <span word="On">On</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="contrary">contrary</span>, <span word="Lu">Lu</span> <span word="Xun">Xun</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="worries">worries</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="indignation">indignation</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="deep">deep</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="wide">wide</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sober">sober</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="profound">profound</span> <span word="thinker">thinker</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="forcibly">forcibly</span> <span word="deprived">deprived</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="independent">independent</span> <span word="personality">personality</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="feudal">feudal</span> <span word="patriarchal">patriarchal</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="his">his</span> "<span word="madness">madness</span>" <span word="was">was</span> <span word="caused">caused</span>. <span word="Furthermore">Furthermore</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="depicts">depicts</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="various">various</span> <span word="manifestations">manifestations</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="traditional">traditional</span> <span word="forces">forces</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="ethics">ethics</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="patients">patients</span> <span word="with">with</span> "<span word="persecution">persecution</span> <span word="delusion">delusion</span>" <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="allowed">allowed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="exist">exist</span>. <span word="Finally">Finally</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="feudal">feudal</span> <span word="patriarchal">patriarchal</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="traditional">traditional</span> <span word="cultural">cultural</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> "<span word="cure">cure</span>" <span word="the">the</span> "<span word="madman">madman</span>" <span word="and">and</span> <span word="tame">tame</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="anti">anti</span> <span word="feudalist">feudalist</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="loyal">loyal</span> <span word="maintainer">maintainer</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="slave">slave</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="reveal">reveal</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ferocity">ferocity</span>, <span word="hypocrisy">hypocrisy</span> <span word="and">and</span> "<span word="brilliance">brilliance</span>" <span word="of">of</span> <span word="feudalism">feudalism</span> "<span word="cannibalism">cannibalism</span>", <span word="thus">thus</span> <span word="warning">warning</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reformer">reformer</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="face">face</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bleak">bleak</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dripping">dripping</span> <span word="blood">blood</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="strong">strong</span> <span word="psychological">psychological</span> <span word="quality">quality</span>.</p>
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