最新科技成果三则
<p>发现大脑中有个引路人</p><p><span word="Find">Find</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="guide">guide</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="brain">brain</span></p><p>人的大脑就像一块高级集成电路，那数以千亿计的神经纤维怎样才能有序排列，各行其道？最近，中科院上海生命科学研究院神经科学研究所的博士袁小兵等人在大脑中发现一个“引路人”，它能指引神经纤维沿着正确的路线“前进”，不致走上“岔道”。</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="high">high</span>-<span word="level">level</span> <span word="integrated">integrated</span> <span word="circuit">circuit</span>. <span word="How">How</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="hundreds">hundreds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="billions">billions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="nerve">nerve</span> <span word="fibers">fibers</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="arranged">arranged</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="orderly">orderly</span> <span word="way">way</span>? <span word="Recently">Recently</span>, <span word="Yuan">Yuan</span> <span word="Xiaobing">Xiaobing</span>, <span word="Ph">Ph</span>.<span word="D">D</span>. <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Neuroscience">Neuroscience</span> <span word="Research">Research</span> <span word="Institute">Institute</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Shanghai">Shanghai</span> <span word="Institute">Institute</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="sciences">sciences</span>, <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="Academy">Academy</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Sciences">Sciences</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="a">a</span> "<span word="guide">guide</span>" <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="guide">guide</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nerve">nerve</span> <span word="fibers">fibers</span> <span word="to">to</span> "<span word="advance">advance</span>" <span word="along">along</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="route">route</span> <span word="without">without</span> "<span word="turning">turning</span> <span word="off">off</span>".</p><p>这个“引路人”叫<span word="Rho">Rho</span>小鸟苷三磷酸酶，“驻扎”在神经细胞内，能够侦察神经纤维生长的“路况”，比如哪条路是“绿灯”，哪条路是“红灯”，并传递这种路况信息，指导神经纤维的生长方向。</p><p><span word="The">The</span> "<span word="guide">guide</span>" <span word="is">is</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="Rho">Rho</span> <span word="biradine">biradine</span> <span word="triphosphatase">triphosphatase</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="stationed">stationed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="nerve">nerve</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="detect">detect</span> <span word="the">the</span> "<span word="road">road</span> <span word="conditions">conditions</span>" <span word="of">of</span> <span word="nerve">nerve</span> <span word="fiber">fiber</span> <span word="growth">growth</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="road">road</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> "<span word="green">green</span> <span word="light">light</span>" <span word="and">and</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> "<span word="red">red</span> <span word="light">light</span>", <span word="and">and</span> <span word="transmit">transmit</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="road">road</span> <span word="information">information</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="guide">guide</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="direction">direction</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="nerve">nerve</span> <span word="fiber">fiber</span>.</p><p>人类的情感、学习、思维等活动都有赖于设计精密的神经网络的工作。因此，神经纤维导向机制已成为脑科学的研究热点，它不仅有助于揭示神经发育的奥秘，还能对神经损伤再生的研究提供理论借鉴，为开发和研制有利于神经再生的药物提供新思路。</p>
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