“春节”溯源
<p>春节是中国最富有特色的传统节日。它标志农历旧的一年结束。新的一年已经开始。人们将告别寒冷单调的冬季，迎接生机盎然的春天。</p><p><span word="Spring">Spring</span> <span word="Festival">Festival</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="distinctive">distinctive</span> <span word="traditional">traditional</span> <span word="festival">festival</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="marks">marks</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="end">end</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="lunar">lunar</span> <span word="year">year</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="begun">begun</span>. <span word="People">People</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="bid">bid</span> <span word="farewell">farewell</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cold">cold</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="monotonous">monotonous</span> <span word="winter">winter</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="welcome">welcome</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="vigorous">vigorous</span> <span word="spring">spring</span>.</p><p>春节原名“元旦”，隋代杜台卿在《五烛宝典》中说：“正月为端月，其一日为元日，亦云正朝，亦云元朔。”“元”的本意为“头”，后引申为“开始”，因为这一天是一年的头一天，春季的头一天，正月的头一天，所以称为“三元”；因为这一天还是岁之朝，月之朝，日之朝，所以又称“三朝”；又因为它是第一个朔日，所以又称“元朔”。宋代的吴自牧在《梦梁录》中解释：“正月朔日，谓之元旦。”《说文解字》中对“旦”字的解释为“从日见一上，一，地也”，表示太阳刚刚从地平线上升起，就是早晨的意思。因为它分别表示一年的第一个早晨，正月的第一个早晨，所以称“元旦”和“正旦”。除上述称谓外，春节还称“开年”、“开岁”、“芳岁”、“华岁”等，在诸多称谓中以称“元旦”最普遍，时间最长久。</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="original">original</span> <span word="name">name</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Spring">Spring</span> <span word="Festival">Festival</span> <span word="was">was</span> "<span word="New">New</span> <span word="Year">Year</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="Day">Day</span>". <span word="Du">Du</span> <span word="Taiqing">Taiqing</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Sui">Sui</span> <span word="Dynasty">Dynasty</span> <span word="said">said</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="candle">candle</span> <span word="Dictionary">Dictionary</span>: "<span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="month">month</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="end">end</span> <span word="month">month</span>, <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="year">year</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="day">day</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cloud">cloud</span> <span word="Dynasty">Dynasty</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cloud">cloud</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="moon">moon</span>." <span word="The">The</span> <span word="original">original</span> <span word="meaning">meaning</span> <span word="of">of</span> "<span word="Yuan">Yuan</span>" <span word="is">is</span> "<span word="head">head</span>", <span word="later">later</span> <span word="extended">extended</span> <span word="to">to</span> "<span word="start">start</span>", <span word="because">because</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="year">year</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="spring">spring</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="month">month</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="called">called</span> "<span word="three">three</span> <span word="yuan">yuan</span>"; <span word="because">because</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="year">year</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="day">day</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="month">month</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="day">day</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="day">day</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="called">called</span> "<span word="Three">Three</span> <span word="Dynasties">Dynasties</span>"; <span word="also">also</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="day">day</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="called">called</span> "<span word="Yuanshuo">Yuanshuo</span>". <span word="In">In</span> <span word="menglianglu">menglianglu</span>, <span word="Wu">Wu</span> <span word="Zimu">Zimu</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Song">Song</span> <span word="Dynasty">Dynasty</span> <span word="explained">explained</span>: "<span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="year">year</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="Day">Day</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="year">year</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="month">month</span>." <span word="In">In</span> <span word="Shuowen">Shuowen</span> <span word="Jiezi">Jiezi</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="word">word</span> "<span word="Dan">Dan</span>" <span word="is">is</span> <span word="interpreted">interpreted</span> <span word="as">as</span> "<span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sunrise">sunrise</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="earth">earth</span>", <span word="which">which</span> <span word="means">means</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sun">sun</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="rises">rises</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="horizon">horizon</span>, <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="morning">morning</span>. <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="represents">represents</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="morning">morning</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="morning">morning</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="month">month</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="called">called</span> "<span word="New">New</span> <span word="Year">Year</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="Day">Day</span>" <span word="and">and</span> "<span word="New">New</span> <span word="Year">Year</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="Day">Day</span>". <span word="In">In</span> <span word="addition">addition</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="above">above</span> <span word="appellations">appellations</span>, <span word="Spring">Spring</span> <span word="Festival">Festival</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="called">called</span> "<span word="new">new</span> <span word="year">year</span>", "<span word="new">new</span> <span word="year">year</span>", "<span word="Fangsui">Fangsui</span>", "<span word="Huasui">Huasui</span>", <span word="etc">etc</span>. <span word="among">among</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="appellations">appellations</span>, "<span word="New">New</span> <span word="Year">Year</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="Day">Day</span>" <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="longest">longest</span>.</p>
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