戏剧的起源
<p>中国戏曲源远流长，它最早是从模仿劳动的歌舞中产生的。</p><p><span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="opera">opera</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="history">history</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="originated">originated</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="imitation">imitation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="labor">labor</span>.</p><p>（一）先秦——戏曲的萌芽期。《诗经》里的“颂”，《楚辞》里的“九歌”，就是祭神时歌舞的唱词。从春秋战国到汉代，在祭神的歌舞中逐渐演变出娱人的歌舞。从汉魏到中唐，又先后出现了以竞技为主的“角抵”（即百戏）、以问答方式表演的“参军戏”和扮演生活小故事的歌舞“踏摇娘”等，这些都是萌芽状态的戏剧。</p><p>（1） <span word="Pre">Pre</span> <span word="Qin">Qin</span> <span word="period">period</span>: <span word="the">the</span> <span word="embryonic">embryonic</span> <span word="stage">stage</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="opera">opera</span>. <span word="The">The</span> "<span word="ode">ode</span>" <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="songs">songs</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> "<span word="Nine">Nine</span> <span word="Songs">Songs</span>" <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="songs">songs</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Chu">Chu</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="songs">songs</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="dances">dances</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="worshiping">worshiping</span> <span word="gods">gods</span>. <span word="From">From</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="spring">spring</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Autumn">Autumn</span> <span word="period">period</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Warring">Warring</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="period">period</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Han">Han</span> <span word="Dynasty">Dynasty</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="song">song</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="dance">dance</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="entertaining">entertaining</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="gradually">gradually</span> <span word="evolved">evolved</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="song">song</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="dance">dance</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="worshiping">worshiping</span> <span word="gods">gods</span>. <span word="From">From</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Han">Han</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Wei">Wei</span> <span word="dynasties">dynasties</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="middle">middle</span> <span word="Tang">Tang</span> <span word="Dynasty">Dynasty</span>, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="successively">successively</span> <span word="competitive">competitive</span> "<span word="contests">contests</span>" (<span word="i">i</span>.<span word="e">e</span>. <span word="hundred">hundred</span> <span word="operas">operas</span>), <span word="question">question</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="answer">answer</span> <span word="performances">performances</span> <span word="of">of</span> "<span word="participating">participating</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="army">army</span>" <span word="and">and</span> <span word="songs">songs</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="dances">dances</span> <span word="of">of</span> "<span word="stepping">stepping</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="shaking">shaking</span> <span word="mother">mother</span>" <span word="playing">playing</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="stories">stories</span>, <span word="all">all</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="budding">budding</span> <span word="dramas">dramas</span>.</p><p>（二）唐代（中后期）——戏曲的形成期。中唐以后，我国戏剧飞跃发展，戏剧艺术逐渐形成。</p><p>（2） <span word="Tang">Tang</span> <span word="Dynasty">Dynasty</span> (<span word="middle">middle</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="later">later</span> <span word="period">period</span>) - <span word="the">the</span> <span word="formation">formation</span> <span word="period">period</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="opera">opera</span>. <span word="After">After</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="middle">middle</span> <span word="Tang">Tang</span> <span word="Dynasty">Dynasty</span>, <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span> <span word="drama">drama</span> <span word="developed">developed</span> <span word="rapidly">rapidly</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="drama">drama</span> <span word="art">art</span> <span word="gradually">gradually</span> <span word="formed">formed</span>.</p>
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