人类起源
<p>正是达尔文，恩格斯的阐述，使人们完全突破了封建礼念的的束缚，使人们在百余年来不断在科技领域中探寻人类起源的奥秘。</p><p><span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="Darwin">Darwin</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Engels">Engels</span>' <span word="exposition">exposition</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="completely">completely</span> <span word="break">break</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="shackles">shackles</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="feudal">feudal</span> <span word="rituals">rituals</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="continuously">continuously</span> <span word="explore">explore</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mystery">mystery</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="origin">origin</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="field">field</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="science">science</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="technology">technology</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> 100 <span word="years">years</span>.</p><p>其中，最为人们所接受的人类起源的推认有以下几种：</p><p><span word="Among">Among</span> <span word="them">them</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="accepted">accepted</span> <span word="assumptions">assumptions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="origin">origin</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="follows">follows</span>:</p><p>一是人类由灵长类动物净化而来。</p><p><span word="One">One</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="purified">purified</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="primates">primates</span>.</p><p>1960年，英国人类学教授爱利斯特。哈代爵士推出了一种新的假说，他认为化石空白时期（在距今400-800万年前的这一时期的化石资料几乎空白）的人类祖先，不是生活在陆上，而是生活在海中；在人类进化使中，存在着几百万年的水生海猿阶段，这一阶段在人类身上至今留下许多“痕迹”--解剖身生理学方面的特征，这些特征在别的陆地灵长类动物身上是没有的，而在海豹、海啄等水生动物身上却同样存在。例如：所有灵长类动物体表都有浓密的毛发，唯独人类和水兽一样，皮肤裸露；灵长类动物都没有皮下脂肪，而人类却有水兽那样厚厚的皮下脂肪。人类胎儿的胎毛着生位置，明显不同于别的灵长类动物，而与水兽接近。人类汗腺分泌泪液，排出盐分的生理现象，也是水兽的特征，在灵长类动物中是决无仅有的。哈代指出：地质史表明，400--800万年前，在非洲的东部和北部，曾今有大片地区被海水淹没。海水分割了生活在那儿的古猿群，迫使其中的一部分下海生活，进化成为海猿。几百万年以后，海水退却，已经适应水生生活的海猿，从返陆地，它就是人类的祖先。海猿历经沧桑。在水生生活中进化出两足直立，控制呼吸等本领，为以后的直立行走，解放双手，发展语言交流等重大进化步骤创造了条件。这使得他们“得天独厚”，超越了其他猿类，进化成为地球上最高等的智慧动物。</p>
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