那达慕
<p>那达慕大会是中国蒙古族人民具有鲜明民族特色的传统活动，也是蒙古族人民喜爱的一种传统体育活动形式。</p><p><span word="Nadam">Nadam</span> <span word="assembly">assembly</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="traditional">traditional</span> <span word="activity">activity</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="distinct">distinct</span> <span word="national">national</span> <span word="characteristics">characteristics</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Mongolian">Mongolian</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="China">China</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="traditional">traditional</span> <span word="sports">sports</span> <span word="activity">activity</span> <span word="form">form</span> <span word="loved">loved</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Mongolian">Mongolian</span> <span word="people">people</span>.</p><p>“慕”是蒙语的译音，意为“娱乐、游戏”，以表示丰收的喜悦之情。每年农历六月初四（多在草绿花红、马壮羊肥的阳历七、八月）开始的那达慕，是草原上一年一度的传统盛会。</p><p>"<span word="Mu">Mu</span>" <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="transliteration">transliteration</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Mongolian">Mongolian</span>, <span word="meaning">meaning</span> "<span word="entertainment">entertainment</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="game">game</span>", <span word="to">to</span> <span word="express">express</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="joy">joy</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="harvest">harvest</span>. <span word="Nadam">Nadam</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="starts">starts</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fourth">fourth</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sixth">sixth</span> <span word="lunar">lunar</span> <span word="month">month</span> (<span word="mostly">mostly</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="July">July</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="August">August</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Gregorian">Gregorian</span> <span word="calendar">calendar</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="green">green</span> <span word="grass">grass</span>, <span word="red">red</span> <span word="flowers">flowers</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="fat">fat</span> <span word="horses">horses</span>), <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="annual">annual</span> <span word="traditional">traditional</span> <span word="festival">festival</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="grassland">grassland</span>.</p><p>那达慕的前身是蒙古族“祭敖包”，是蒙古民族在长期的游牧生活中，创造和流传下来的具有独特民族色彩的竞技项目和游艺、体育项目。</p><p><span word="Nadam">Nadam</span>, <span word="formerly">formerly</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="as">as</span> "<span word="Oboo">Oboo</span> <span word="sacrifice">sacrifice</span>" <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Mongolians">Mongolians</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="unique">unique</span> <span word="ethnic">ethnic</span> <span word="sports">sports</span>, <span word="recreation">recreation</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sports">sports</span> <span word="event">event</span> <span word="created">created</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="handed">handed</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Mongolians">Mongolians</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="nomadic">nomadic</span> <span word="life">life</span>.</p><p>“那达慕”有久远的历史。据铭刻在石崖上的《成吉思汗石文》载，那达慕起源于蒙古汗国建立初期，早在公元1206年，成吉思汗被推举为蒙古大汗时，他为检阅自己的部队，维护和分配草场，每年7～8月间举行大聚会，将各个部落的首领召集在一起，为表示团结友谊和祈庆丰收，都要举行那达慕。起初只举行射箭、赛马或摔跤的某一项比赛。到元、明时，射箭、赛马、摔跤比赛结合一起，成为固定形式。后来蒙古族人亦简称此三项运动为那达慕。</p>
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