担心战时影响发射速度 美国核弹发射密码曾为8个0
<p><span word="For">For</span> <span word="nearly">nearly</span> 20 <span word="years">years</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="secret">secret</span> <span word="code">code</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="authorize">authorize</span> <span word="launching">launching</span> <span word="U">U</span>.<span word="S">S</span>. <span word="nuclear">nuclear</span> <span word="missiles">missiles</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="starting">starting</span> <span word="World">World</span> <span word="War">War</span> <span word="III">III</span>, <span word="was">was</span> <span word="terrifyingly">terrifyingly</span> <span word="simple">simple</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="noted">noted</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="checklist">checklist</span>.</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="Permissive">Permissive</span> <span word="Action">Action</span> <span word="Link">Link</span> (<span word="PAL">PAL</span>) <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="security">security</span> <span word="device">device</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="nuclear">nuclear</span> <span word="weapons">weapons</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="supposed">supposed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="prevent">prevent</span> <span word="unauthorized">unauthorized</span> <span word="arming">arming</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="detonation">detonation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nuclear">nuclear</span> <span word="weapon">weapon</span>.</p><p><span word="JFK">JFK</span> <span word="signed">signed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="National">National</span> <span word="Security">Security</span> <span word="Action">Action</span> <span word="Memorandum">Memorandum</span> 160 <span word="in">in</span> 1962 <span word="that">that</span> <span word="required">required</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="nuclear">nuclear</span> <span word="missiles">missiles</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="fitted">fitted</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="PAL">PAL</span> <span word="system">system</span>.</p><p><span word="But">But</span> <span word="nuclear">nuclear</span> <span word="experts">experts</span> <span word="claim">claim</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="military">military</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="worried">worried</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="possibility">possibility</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="command">command</span> <span word="centers">centers</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="communication">communication</span> <span word="lines">lines</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="destroyed">destroyed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="nuclear">nuclear</span> <span word="war">war</span>, <span word="stopping">stopping</span> <span word="soldiers">soldiers</span> <span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="codes">codes</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="authorization">authorization</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="launch">launch</span> <span word="missiles">missiles</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="needed">needed</span>.</p><p><span word="So">So</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="simply">simply</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="security">security</span> <span word="code">code</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="weapons">weapons</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="eight">eight</span> <span word="zeros">zeros</span>, <span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="security">security</span> <span word="safeguards">safeguards</span>.</p><p><span word="Dr">Dr</span>. <span word="Bruce">Bruce</span> <span word="G">G</span>. <span word="Blair">Blair</span>, <span word="worked">worked</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="Minuteman">Minuteman</span> <span word="launch">launch</span> <span word="officer">officer</span> <span word="between">between</span> 1970 <span word="and">and</span> 1974. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="written">written</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="articles">articles</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="nuclear">nuclear</span> <span word="command">command</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="control">control</span> <span word="systems">systems</span>.</p><p><span word="In">In</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="paper">paper</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="Keeping">Keeping</span> <span word="Presidents">Presidents</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Nuclear">Nuclear</span> <span word="Dark">Dark</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="wrote">wrote</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="Strategic">Strategic</span> <span word="Air">Air</span> <span word="Command">Command</span> '<span word="remained">remained</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="concerned">concerned</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="unauthorized">unauthorized</span> <span word="launches">launches</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="potential">potential</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="safeguards">safeguards</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="interfere">interfere</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="implementation">implementation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="wartime">wartime</span> <span word="launch">launch</span> <span word="orders">orders</span>.'</p><p><span word="Incredibly">Incredibly</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="writes">writes</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="vital">vital</span> <span word="combination">combination</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="America">America</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="nuclear">nuclear</span> <span word="deterrent">deterrent</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="helpfully">helpfully</span> <span word="noted">noted</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="officers">officers</span>.</p>
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