新求婚时代：女性求婚不容易
<p></p><p><span word="Leap">Leap</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="marriage">marriage</span> <span word="proposals">proposals</span> — <span word="where">where</span>, <span word="by">by</span> <span word="custom">custom</span>, <span word="women">women</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="granted">granted</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="once">once</span>-<span word="in">in</span>-<span word="four">four</span>-<span word="years">years</span> <span word="privilege">privilege</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="proposing">proposing</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="beaus">beaus</span> — <span word="hold">hold</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="promise">promise</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="giving">giving</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="power">power</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="relationships">relationships</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="ultimately">ultimately</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="undermine">undermine</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="reinforce">reinforce</span> <span word="long">long</span>-<span word="standing">standing</span> <span word="stereotypes">stereotypes</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="traditional">traditional</span> <span word="roles">roles</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="paper">paper</span> <span word="concludes">concludes</span>.</p><p><span word="And">And</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="examining">examining</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="century">century</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="worth">worth</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="societal">societal</span> <span word="views">views</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="propose">propose</span> <span word="marriage">marriage</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="concludes">concludes</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span>'<span word="re">re</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="acceptance">acceptance</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="proposals">proposals</span> <span word="anytime">anytime</span> <span word="soon">soon</span>.</p><p>"<span word="Women">Women</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="tremendous">tremendous</span> <span word="advances">advances</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="aspects">aspects</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="lives">lives</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="courtship">courtship</span>, <span word="this">this</span> <span word="penultimate">penultimate</span> <span word="act">act</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="valued">valued</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="respected">respected</span>," <span word="said">said</span> <span word="researcher">researcher</span> <span word="Katherine">Katherine</span> <span word="Parkin">Parkin</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="professor">professor</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Monmouth">Monmouth</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="New">New</span> <span word="Jersey">Jersey</span>.</p><p><span word="Parkin">Parkin</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="article">article</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="published">published</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="January">January</span> <span word="issue">issue</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="journal">journal</span> <span word="Family">Family</span> <span word="History">History</span>.</p><p><span word="In">In</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="research">research</span>, <span word="Parkin">Parkin</span> <span word="pored">pored</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="references">references</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="leap">leap</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="proposals">proposals</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="postcards">postcards</span>, <span word="advertisements">advertisements</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="newspaper">newspaper</span> <span word="columns">columns</span> <span word="dating">dating</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="to">to</span> 1904.</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="she">she</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="suggests">suggests</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="proposals">proposals</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="fairly">fairly</span> <span word="unusual">unusual</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="rarity">rarity</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="underscored">underscored</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="society">society</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="view">view</span>, <span word="men">men</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ones">ones</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="initiate">initiate</span> <span word="marriage">marriage</span>. <span word="Leap">Leap</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="proposals">proposals</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="exception">exception</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="proves">proves</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rule">rule</span>.</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="custom">custom</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="really">really</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="a">a</span> "<span word="safety">safety</span> <span word="valve">valve</span>" <span word="for">for</span> <span word="women">women</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="frustrations">frustrations</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="dependent">dependent</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="men">men</span>, <span word="Parkin">Parkin</span> <span word="said">said</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="tradition">tradition</span> <span word="gives">gives</span> <span word="women">women</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="supposedly">supposedly</span> "<span word="acceptable">acceptable</span>" <span word="chance">chance</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="propose">propose</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="chance">chance</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="once">once</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="years">years</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="then">then</span>, <span word="their">their</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="ask">ask</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="marry">marry</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="seriously">seriously</span>.</p>
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