国际英语资讯:U.S. tariffs lead to job losses, higher prices for American manufacturing: study
<p><span word="WASHINGTON">WASHINGTON</span>, <span word="Dec">Dec</span>. 28-- <span word="The">The</span> <span word="uNPRecedented">uNPRecedented</span> <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="tariffs">tariffs</span> <span word="imposed">imposed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="major">major</span> <span word="trading">trading</span> <span word="partners">partners</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="early">early</span> 2018 <span word="has">has</span> <span word="led">led</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="losses">losses</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="prices">prices</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="manufacturing">manufacturing</span> <span word="sector">sector</span>, <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="Federal">Federal</span> <span word="Reserve">Reserve</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="released">released</span> <span word="earlier">earlier</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="week">week</span>.</p><p>"<span word="Since">Since</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="beginning">beginning</span> <span word="of">of</span> 2018, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="undertaken">undertaken</span> <span word="uNPRecedented">uNPRecedented</span> <span word="tariff">tariff</span> <span word="increases">increases</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="goal">goal</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="actions">actions</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="boost">boost</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="manufacturing">manufacturing</span> <span word="sector">sector</span>," <span word="Fed">Fed</span> <span word="economists">economists</span> <span word="Aaron">Aaron</span> <span word="Flaaen">Flaaen</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Justin">Justin</span> <span word="Pierce">Pierce</span> <span word="wrote">wrote</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="disentangle">disentangle</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="effects">effects</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="tariffs">tariffs</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="U">U</span>.<span word="S">S</span>. <span word="manufacturing">manufacturing</span> <span word="sector">sector</span>.</p><p><span word="However">However</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="traditional">traditional</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="trade">trade</span> <span word="policy">policy</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="tool">tool</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="protection">protection</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="promotion">promotion</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="domestic">domestic</span> <span word="manufacturing">manufacturing</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="complicated">complicated</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="presence">presence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="globally">globally</span> <span word="interconnected">interconnected</span> <span word="supply">supply</span> <span word="chains">chains</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="economists">economists</span> <span word="noted">noted</span>.</p><p>"<span word="We">We</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="tariff">tariff</span> <span word="increases">increases</span> <span word="enacted">enacted</span> <span word="in">in</span> 2018 <span word="are">are</span> <span word="associated">associated</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="relative">relative</span> <span word="reductions">reductions</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="manufacturing">manufacturing</span> <span word="employment">employment</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="relative">relative</span> <span word="increases">increases</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="producer">producer</span> <span word="prices">prices</span>," <span word="they">they</span> <span word="concluded">concluded</span>.</p><p><span word="For">For</span> <span word="manufacturing">manufacturing</span> <span word="employment">employment</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="boost">boost</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="import">import</span> <span word="protection">protection</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="tariffs">tariffs</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="offset">offset</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="larger">larger</span> <span word="drags">drags</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="effects">effects</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="rising">rising</span> <span word="input">input</span> <span word="costs">costs</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="retaliatory">retaliatory</span> <span word="tariffs">tariffs</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="showed">showed</span>.</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="top">top</span> <span word="ten">ten</span> <span word="manufacturing">manufacturing</span> <span word="industries">industries</span> <span word="hit">hit</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="retaliatory">retaliatory</span> <span word="tariffs">tariffs</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="producers">producers</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="magnetic">magnetic</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="optical">optical</span> <span word="media">media</span>, <span word="leather">leather</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="allied">allied</span> <span word="products">products</span>, <span word="aluminum">aluminum</span> <span word="sheet">sheet</span>, <span word="iron">iron</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="steel">steel</span>, <span word="motor">motor</span> <span word="vehicles">vehicles</span>, <span word="household">household</span> <span word="appliances">appliances</span>, <span word="sawmills">sawmills</span>, <span word="audio">audio</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="video">video</span> <span word="equipment">equipment</span>, <span word="pesticide">pesticide</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="computer">computer</span> <span word="equipment">equipment</span>, <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="study">study</span>.</p>
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