我们来谈“法”
<p>2017年，党的十八届四中全会以依法治国为主题。之后，设立巡回法庭、清理执法考核指标、推行司法公开等跟法治有关的资讯不断，而“法治”自然成为近两年的一个热词。2017年全国两会召开在即，在各路媒体预测的两会看点中，有关“法治”的议题也占了相当的比重。不如我们今天就来预热一下，先从学习的角度谈一谈这个“法”字。</p><p><span word="Numerous">Numerous</span> <span word="definitions">definitions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="law">law</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="forward">forward</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="centuries">centuries</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Third">Third</span> <span word="New">New</span> <span word="International">International</span> <span word="Dictionary">Dictionary</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Merriam">Merriam</span>-<span word="Webster">Webster</span> <span word="defines">defines</span> <span word="law">law</span> <span word="as">as</span>: "<span word="Law">Law</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="binding">binding</span> <span word="custom">custom</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="practice">practice</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="community">community</span>; <span word="a">a</span> <span word="rule">rule</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="mode">mode</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="conduct">conduct</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="action">action</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="prescribed">prescribed</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="formally">formally</span> <span word="recognized">recognized</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="binding">binding</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="supreme">supreme</span> <span word="controlling">controlling</span> <span word="authority">authority</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="obligatory">obligatory</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sanction">sanction</span> (<span word="as">as</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="edict">edict</span>, <span word="decree">decree</span>, <span word="prescript">prescript</span>, <span word="order">order</span>, <span word="ordinance">ordinance</span>, <span word="statute">statute</span>, <span word="resolution">resolution</span>, <span word="rule">rule</span>, <span word="judicial">judicial</span> <span word="decision">decision</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="usage">usage</span>) <span word="made">made</span>, <span word="recognized">recognized</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="enforced">enforced</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="controlling">controlling</span> <span word="authority">authority</span>."</p><p>几千年以来，关于“法律”<span word="The">The</span> <span word="Dictionary">Dictionary</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="History">History</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Ideas">Ideas</span> <span word="published">published</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Scribner">Scribner</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="in">in</span> 1973 <span word="defined">defined</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="concept">concept</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="law">law</span> <span word="accordingly">accordingly</span> <span word="as">as</span>: "<span word="A">A</span> <span word="legal">legal</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="explicit">explicit</span>, <span word="institutionalized">institutionalized</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="complex">complex</span> <span word="mode">mode</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="regulating">regulating</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="conduct">conduct</span>. <span word="At">At</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="plays">plays</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="congeries">congeries</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="rules">rules</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="influence">influence</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="moral">moral</span> <span word="rules">rules</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="institutionalized">institutionalized</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="importance">importance</span>."</p><p>斯克里布纳尔出版社在1973年出版的《思想史字典》由此将法律这一概念定义为：“法律体系是用于约束人类行为的最明晰、最成体系又最复杂的规则。同时，它又仅仅是影响人类行为的众多规则集合中的一个部分，因为，较为缺乏体系的社会和道德守则也是很重要的。”</p>
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